The study identified the aac(3)-IIa and aac(3)-VIa genes as responsible for plasmid-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from pet turtles in Louisiana.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, and aac(6')-Ib genes as significant contributors to aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus isolates, whereas no aminoglycoside resistance genes were found in Salmonella isolates.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the presence of SHV beta-lactamase and additional resistance genes in one isolate, CAS813, which exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics.

Three Salmonella isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with one strain carrying the aac(3')IIa gene, which confers resistance to gentamicin.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus-like isolates from cattle carrying the blaOXA-23 gene, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, strA/B, aph(3')-Ic, sul2, floR, tet(A), tet(Y), aadA1, aadB, sul1, and tet(X).

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from subclinical mastitis cows and water supplies, including blaTEM, blaCMY-2, and aac(3)-IIa, which confer resistance to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-IIa, and aph(3')-Ia as the most prevalent aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum β-lactamases in Spain. These genes were associated with resistance to various aminoglycosides.

The study identified two clones of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ST37 and ST3006, in a neonatal intensive care unit. ST37 harbored multiple resistance genes, including OXA-33, TEM-1, SHV-11, and others, while ST3006 carried fewer resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands.

The study presents a nanopore metagenomics method for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in lower respiratory infections, achieving high sensitivity and specificity through host DNA depletion and real-time sequencing.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli isolates in feedlot lambs in Brazil, carrying various AMR genes including bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2")-Ia, qnrB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, floR, and cmlA. These genes confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Brazil, including qnrE1, qnrB19, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCMY-2, aadA1, aadA2, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), strA, strB, drfA1, inu(F), qacEdelta1, and fosA7. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and fosfomycin.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC, bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and mutations in ompk35, ompk36, gyrA, and parC. These findings highlight the complex resistance mechanisms contributing to the persistence of MDR-Kp in the hospital setting.

The study identifies several AMR genes including aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-lb-cr, ant (2")-Ia, aph3'-1, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul1, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. These genes were validated through cloning and MIC testing.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study reports the detection of an NDM-5 producing E. coli in Malawi, highlighting the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the region.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study identifies various AMR genes in GC1 Group 1 and Outgroup Group 3 genomes, including aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(G), catA1, intI1, intI2, and efflux pumps adeABC, adeIJK, and adeFGH. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

The study identifies the NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 167 clone, highlighting its resistance mechanisms and the presence of various resistance genes such as blaNDM-5, aadA2, dfrA12, sul1, tet(A), mphA, rmtB, and aac(3)-IIa.

The study identified several AMR genes in a culture-negative sample from a patient with severe pneumonia, including bla SHV-12, bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-65, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, aph(3')-Ia, catA1, fosA, acrA, and rmtB, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from meat in South Africa, including aadA, strA, aph(3)-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IIa, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, cat1, cat2, cmlA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas sp. isolates from water sources, including blaGES, qnrS, qepA, tetB, aac(3')-IIa, and ant(2'')-Ia, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Bolivia, including bla OXA-23, strA, strB, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ian, sul2, tet(B), bla TEM-1B, and aadB, which contribute to resistance against carbapenems, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and beta-lactams.

AB030 exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and tigecycline. Key resistance genes include blaOXA-65, blaOXA-23, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ian, APH(3"-Ib, and APH(6)-Id. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and rpsJ contribute to fluoroquinolone and tigecycline resistance.

The study characterizes the emergence and dominance of a minor NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae population during KPC-directed therapy, highlighting challenges in detecting and managing drug-resistant subpopulations.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter species isolated from retail fresh milk and water samples, including catII, tetA, tetB, tetM, ermB, gyrA, ampC, and aac(3)-IIa-(aacC2). These genes were associated with resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and ampicillin.

The study identifies and characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations associated with the high-risk Klebsiella pneumoniae clones ST307 and ST147, highlighting their global spread and the diversity of resistance mechanisms they employ.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-1 gene carried on an IncI1/ST3 plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolates from humans and wild animals in Guadeloupe, highlighting the dissemination of this resistance determinant in the environment.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study reports the emergence of the mcr-9.1 gene in a colistin-resistant Enterobacter kobei strain isolated from a critically endangered franciscana dolphin in Brazil, along with various other AMR genes.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from Nigerian poultry, including aac(6')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, aadA7, aph(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6')-Id, aph(6')-Ic, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-IIa, aac(3)-Id, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(M), qnrS1, qnrB19, blaTEM, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, catA1, cmlA1, and floR. Mutations in gyrA (Ser83Phe, Asp87Tyr) and parC (Thr57Ser, Ser80Ile) were also associated with resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a hospital in Vietnam. Key AMR genes include blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, and mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance. Colistin resistance was due to disruption of the mgrB gene by an IS L3-like element.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 clone, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-106, blaTEM-150, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA10, oqxB17, fosA, catB3, dfrA14, tet(D), and mutations in mgrB, ompK35, gyrA, and parC.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identifies the bla NDM-1 gene as a major contributor to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Mexico, along with other resistance genes such as bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib, and aac(3')-IIa. These genes were found to be carried on IncF-like plasmids, facilitating horizontal transfer among different sequence types.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli from free-living birds, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these resistant strains. Key findings include bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, fosA7, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, and aph(6)-Id, as well as mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE.

The paper discusses the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species, including strB, sul2, tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, ermB, floR, aac(3)-IIa, blaNDM-1, blaCMY, blaP1, catB3, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified the presence of aac(3)-IIa and aac(6′)-Ib genes in CTX-M-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, indicating coexistence of aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, including aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2′′)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA2, aadA7, aadA1, ant(3′′)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib3, and rmtB, as key contributors to gentamicin resistance in Salmonella isolates from both human and chicken sources in Canada.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh, including bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-5, mcr-1, and various aminoglycoside resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA and parC were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in two multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, ACC001 and ACC002, including aminoglycoside resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and sulfonamide resistance genes. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as gentamicin, tobramycin, tetracycline, penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various AMR genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from humans and animals on St. Kitts, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla TEM-206, bla OXA-1, and others, highlighting host-specific differences in resistance profiles.

The study shows that IS26-mediated amplification of blaKPC-2 leads to carbapenem hyperresistance in E. coli. The amplification of blaKPC-2 was found to be mediated by IS26, and the copy number of blaKPC-2 was positively correlated with antibiotic concentration.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, and bla TEM-1B as the primary beta-lactamase genes responsible for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates. Additionally, qnrB19 and aac(3)-IIa were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance, respectively.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae ST101 strains, including aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-48, and blaNDM-1, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in mgrB leading to colistin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Spain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and colistin.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Kuwait, including beta-lactamases (blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaTEM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aadA5), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance genes (gyrA_D87N, qnrB1), and others. Colistin resistance was linked to the pmrB_R256G mutation.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from surface water in north-western Mexico, including international high-risk lineages ST410 and ST617. These isolates carried various AMR genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, cmlA1, lnu(F), mdf(A), sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA12, and dfrA17. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (S458A) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-27, bla SHV-1, bla SHV-101, bla SHV-108, bla TEM-1B, qnrB66, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA14, strA, strB, sul2, and tet(A). These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified various AMR genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from pet reptiles, including tetracycline, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains in these animals.

The paper characterizes Escherichia coli ST1193 as an emerging multidrug-resistant clone with various AMR determinants, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, bla CMY-42, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(6)-Id), and other resistance genes (mcr-1, mph(A), erm(B), dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB).

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-30, and bla SHV-12, along with a variety of other AMR genes such as aadA5, aph(3''-Ib), aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, qnrB1, tet(A), mph(A), qacE∆, and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Enterobacterales isolated from hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains in the United States.

The study identifies blaOXA-23 as a prevalent carbapenemase gene in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex isolates from dogs and cats in Thailand. Additionally, several tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance genes, including tet(B), tet(39), strA, strB, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Im, aac(6')-Ib, ant(2'')-Ia, and aph(3')-VI, were detected.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, including aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IVa, ant(2″)-Ia, aadA5, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3″)-Ib, and strA, as key contributors to gentamicin and spectinomycin resistance in Escherichia coli from human and chicken sources in Canada.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and aac3iia, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics. Additionally, virulence factors such as AREO-iutA and Capsule-wzc were found to be independently associated with mortality in patients with KPC-KP infections.

The study identifies numerous AMR genes in Mycobacteroides abscessus complex, highlighting the widespread presence of resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and others. Key findings include the detection of beta-lactamases like blaLAP-1 and blaTLA-2, 23S rRNA methyltransferases such as erm(33), erm(43), and erm(44), and various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Additionally, vancomycin resistance genes like vanA, vanB, and vanC were identified, along with efflux pump genes contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies numerous AMR genes in Mycobacteroides abscessus complex, highlighting the widespread presence of resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and others. Key findings include the detection of beta-lactamases like blaLAP-1 and blaTLA-2, 23S rRNA methyltransferases such as erm(33), erm(43), and erm(44), and various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Additionally, vancomycin resistance genes like vanA, vanB, and vanC were identified, along with efflux pump genes contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies the bla CTX-M-15 gene as the most prevalent ESBL determinant in ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, along with the IncHI2/ST1 plasmid. It also reports the presence of other resistance genes such as mcr-9, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, qnrB1, fosA, sul2, tet(A), dfrA14, ars, mer, tni, and the ter operon.

The study identified bla KPC-2, bla GES, bla NDM-1, and bla IMP as the main carbapenemase genes in CRKP isolates. Additionally, various ESBL genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and PMQR genes were detected.

The study identifies blaOXA-58 as a critical gene for carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, highlighting the role of XerC/D-mediated recombination in plasmid structural diversity.

The study identified 43 antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from duck carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam, including genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracyclines.

The study identified the presence of the bla CTX-M-15 gene, which confers resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, bla TEM1-D, strAB, dfrA14, sul2, and catA2 in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST17. The yersiniabactin gene was also found to be present in the genomes.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes, including ant(2'')-Ia, aac(3')-IIa, armA, aac(6')-Ib, and aph(3')-Ia, in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. These genes were associated with resistance to tobramycin and amikacin. Additionally, biofilm formation was significantly linked to antibiotic resistance.

The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla VIM-1 carbapenemase genes, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(6′)-If, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul2, sat2, qnrB, cmlA5, bla OXA-9, bla CMY-79, bla CMY-116, bla TEM-1A, bla CMY-117, bla OXA-10, bla CFE, bla CMY-100, aac(6′)-Ib, aadA2, sul1, qnrS1, qnrB9, mph(E), msr(E), aac(6′)-Iic, and dfrA16 in carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii isolates from hospital environments and municipal wastewater in Finland.

Two carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains (PINH-4250 and PINH-4900) were recovered from the Pinheiros River, carrying the blaKPC-2 carbapenemase gene and other resistance determinants. They exhibited a broad resistome and hypervirulent behavior.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Klebsiella isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1, bla SHV, and bla OXA-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams. Other genes like aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB1, qnrB6, catA1, catA2, catB3, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, mph(A), tet(A), tet(D), fosA, ARR-3, and oqxAB were also found, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, tetracycline, fosfomycin, rifampicin, and quinolones respectively. Mutations in ompK36, ompK37, and acrR were associated with resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, while mutations in RamR were linked to tigecycline resistance.

The study identified various nucleotide variations in virulence determinants of V. vulnificus (vcgCPI) and resistance genes (strA, aadA, aac(3)-IIa, aacC2, sul1, and sul11) among Vibrio isolates.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources in Tamaulipas, Mexico. These genes include beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3-IIa), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2, sul3), phenicol resistance gene (catB3), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quaternary ammonium resistance genes (qacE, qacL), macrolide resistance genes (mdfA, mphA), and quinolone resistance gene (qnrB).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Isangi isolates, including ESBL genes like bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-22, bla CTX-M-3, and others, as well as plasmid-mediated AmpC genes like bla DHA-1 and bla NDM-1. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was observed, highlighting the need for continued monitoring of AMR in this serovar.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Bangladesh, including bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla NDM-1, bla OXA, and others, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance in hospital environments and clinical samples.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla SHV12, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-106, and bla TEM-126, which confer resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), aadA5, aadA2b, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA12, mph(A), cmlA1, catA2, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, and lnu(F) were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from clams in the Central Adriatic.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, armA, sul2, strA, strB, tet(B), aac(6')-Ian, and aac(3)-IIa, in multidrug-resistant ST25 Acinetobacter baumannii clades, highlighting their role in resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterizes various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, qnrB1, qnrS1, aph(6)-Id, aph(3”)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3”)-Ia, dfrA14, dfrA1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(D), sul2, sul1, fosA6, fosA_5, fosA_3, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-14b, bla CTX-M-8, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-190, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, and catB3_2, in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolates from long-term colonized patients.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli ST1193 strains causing early-onset sepsis in neonates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, mph(A), aac(6')-Ib-cr, dfrA17, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aph(3”)-Ib, sul2, catB3, sitABCD, tet(B), and blaTEM-1B, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla ROB, floR, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-2, bla TEM-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IIa, bla OXA-1, and ydhC, in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from Argentinian pig and dairy farms. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complex resistance mechanisms in these isolates.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of plasmids in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study characterizes the plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections, revealing that most isolates carry a large plasmid from a small number of plasmid groups. These plasmids often carry multiple antibiotic resistance, virulence, and heavy metal resistance genes. The research highlights the potential for high-risk plasmid backbones to acquire and spread ARGs, emphasizing the need for broader surveillance strategies beyond traditional AMR-focused studies.

The study identifies three mechanisms (tandem amplification, increased plasmid copy number, and transposition of resistance genes) that generate gene copy number variation and transient antibiotic heteroresistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

The study identifies aac(3)-IVa, aac(6)-Ib, and aac(3)-IIa as the most prevalent aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections in Tehran, Iran.

The study identifies an extensively drug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei ST90 clone carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla GES-2, bla TEM-1A, bla OXA-1, bla NDM-1, and bla ACT-15, along with genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, and other antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV, along with other resistance genes such as bla OXA-1, bla KPC-2, bla NDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance in E. coli ST410 isolates from pediatric infections in Shenzhen, China.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in bacteria isolated from the cloaca of nestling ospreys, including bla CTX-M-55, bla EC, tet (A), floR, sul3, dfrA14, aac(3)-IIa, ampC, fosA5, sal (A), blaZ, tet (M), and pbp5. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, ompK36, ompK37, rpoB, and pbp5 were also detected, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in uropathogenic E. coli isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and marR were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations in PmrB, CyaA, GlpT, PtsI, and UhpT were linked to fosfomycin resistance.

The study identified multiple Pantoea species, including P. dispersa, P. septica, and a novel Pantoea species, carrying various antimicrobial resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaSCO-1, blaTEM-1D, aac(3)-IIa, and blaCTX-M-9. These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant Pantoea isolates in Ethiopian referral hospitals.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild animals, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-55, bla EC-1982), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aadA2, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetA), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance genes (mphB, lnuF, ermC, mefC), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrB5, qnrS1, qnrS2), and others. Additionally, point mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterizes the AMR genes and mutations involved in the conjugation process between hvKP and CRKP strains, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the emergence of ST11-KL64 CR-hvKP strains.

The study identified a conserved colistin resistance due to a pmrB mutation in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates during a 5-year urinary tract infection in an animal patient, despite the absence of antibiotic treatment.

The study identified various AMR genes in ESKAPE pathogens, including vanA and vanC for vancomycin resistance, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 for carbapenem resistance, and others related to tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and aminoglycoside resistance. Additionally, biofilm-related genes such as icaA, icaD, gelE, asa1, and esp were detected in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. Quorum sensing genes LasI and LasR were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and biofilm production genes like mrkA, wbbM, wzm, and luxS were identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The study identifies six pVir-CRKP isolates from the United States, highlighting their multidrug resistance and enhanced virulence traits. These isolates exhibit resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, due to the presence of specific AMR genes and mutations.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M, and bla OXA families, as well as aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and sulfonamide resistance genes. Effluent isolates showed fewer resistance genes and lower resistance levels compared to clinical isolates.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Nigeria, highlighting the presence of virulence genes and mobile genetic elements, along with specific mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-27, and blaCMY-59, in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Algeria. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and infection control measures.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST70 isolate from a Magellanic Penguin, highlighting the potential of migratory penguins as vectors of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms.

The study identifies various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary, including beta-lactamases like bla VIM-2-like, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-66, aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aacA4, aadA2, and aphA, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, and bla OXA-1, as well as a variety of other resistance genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, qnrB1, qnrB4, qnrB2, qnrB19, sul2, sul1, dfrA14, dfrA15, OqxA, OqxB, fosA, qacE, tetA, and tetD. Mutations in ompK36 and ompK37 were also found to contribute to reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and carbapenems.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Inner Mongolia, including bla TEM-1, cmlA, tetA, tetB, tetM, aadA2, aph(3')-IIa, aacC4, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul3, oqxA, and oqxB, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and quinolones.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from sternal bursitis in chickens, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1C, blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-10), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cmlA1, floR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aadA1, aadA2b, aadA5, aadA9, aadA13, sat2), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), and efflux pump genes (acrF, mdtM, ermE, qacE, qacL, terD, terW, terZ). Mutations in gyrA (p.S83L) and parC (p.E84G, p.S80I) were associated with quinolone resistance, and a mutation in glpT (E448K) was linked to fosfomycin resistance.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Proteus mirabilis isolates from dairy products, including blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, aac(3)IIa, and Sul1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as cephalothin, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole.

The study identified the armA, aac(3'-IIa, aacC1, and rmtB genes as the primary aminoglycoside resistance genes in non-lactose fermenting gram-negative rods isolated from neurosurgical patients. These genes conferred resistance to gentamicin and amikacin.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1D, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, strB, qnrS1, sul2, sul1, catII.2, tet(A), dfrA14, arr-3, and mphA, in ESBL-KpSC isolates from East Africa, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified two distinct Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, ST147 and ST967, with varying resistance profiles. ST147 isolates harbored multiple resistance genes including bla OXA−181, aadA, aadA5, bla CTX−M−15, bla OXA−1, bla SHV−11, bla TEM−1, sul1, qnrS1, and tet(A), while ST967 had a more limited resistome with aac(3)-IIa, bla SHV−27, and dfrA14.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in an E. coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131 strain causing infective endocarditis, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IIa, tet(A), and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.