The study identifies aadA and dhfr gene cassettes within class 1 integrons as major contributors to antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs, including blaTEM, catA1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA, strA/strB, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, and sul3. These genes conferred resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. However, the presence of these resistance genes did not provide a significant colonization advantage or disadvantage in the pig intestine.

The study successfully transformed Anaplasma marginale with a plasmid carrying the TurboGFP gene and the aadA gene, which confers resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Korea, including bla PSE, bla TEM, cat1, cat2, floR, strA, strB, aadA, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetC, and tetG.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from animals, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M-2, bla CMY-2, strA-strB, aadA, aphA1, aadB, cat, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Irish cattle farms, including strA-strB, aphA1, aadA, aadB, blaTEM, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study identifies a beta-lactamase (blaA) and an aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (aadA) in the OP11 single cell genome, indicating resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics.

The study characterizes the transcriptome of pAR060302, a blaCMY-2-positive IncA/C plasmid, highlighting the transcription of resistance genes such as blaCMY-2, aadA, aacA, and floR, which confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and phenicols, respectively.

The study found that agricultural use of streptomycin leads to increased multidrug resistance in nasal and faecal bacteria, including streptomycin resistance genes strA, strB, aadA, and class 1 integron intI1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in plasmids from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla CMY, aadA, aadB, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, floR, cmlA, dfrA1, dfrA12, and aacC.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(M) and tet(O), the erythromycin resistance gene erm(B), and the streptomycin resistance gene aadA in Streptococcus canis isolates, highlighting the presence of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in this species.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, blaTEM-1, and qacEAI, associated with resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, ampicillin, and quaternary ammonium compounds, respectively. A mutation in the gyrA gene (Ser83Phe) was linked to resistance to nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including sul1, tet(A), strA, aadA, cat, tet(G), and sul2 in the microbiota of ornamental fish carriage water. These genes were found to be prevalent and associated with various bacterial families.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes aadA, tetA, and bla in E. coli isolates from the Kat River and Fort Beaufort abstraction water, indicating resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study demonstrates that chloroplast-expressed MSI-99 enhances disease resistance in tobacco and shows inhibitory effects against rice blast fungus. The aadA gene, which confers resistance to spectinomycin, was validated in the study.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteriophage and bacterial fractions of agricultural soil, demonstrating that soilborne bacteriophage represents a reservoir of antibiotic resistance and that bacteriophage could play a significant role in the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in agricultural soil microbiomes.

The study characterizes the structure and function of AadA, an aminoglycoside (3'')(9) adenyltransferase from Salmonella enterica, which confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin through enzymatic modification.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wastewater effluents, including strA, aadA, catI, cmlA1, blaTEM, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetK, tetM). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in IncHI1 plasmids of Salmonella Typhimurium, including tet(B), tet(A), blaTEM, strA, strB, sul2, aadA, dfrA, catA1, aphA1a, and aad(3)IId, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study presents a real-time analysis framework for MinION sequencing data, demonstrating the ability to identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes within a few hours of sequencing. Key resistance genes identified include blaSHV, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXA, aac3, aac6, blaCMY, blaCFE, blaLAT, blaBIL, QnrB, aadA, oqxA, tetA, oqxB, rmtC, sul1, sul3, fosA, blaNDM, oqxA, blaSHV, oqxB, aadB, sul1, sul3, blaOXA, blaOKP, fosA, blaSHV, blaOKP, blaLEN, oqxA, and oqxB.

The study describes the development of versatile cassettes containing nourseothricin, streptomycin/spectinomycin, and spectinomycin resistance genes (nat, aadA, aad9) for genetic manipulation of bacteria. These cassettes enable the creation of single-copy insertion vectors and are effective in selecting for genetic elements in AmrAB-OprA efflux pump mutants of Burkholderia species.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from healthy pet cats, including tetB, tetA, aadA, sulI, qnrS, and dhfrV, with varying prevalence rates. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and mutations in gyrB contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle and humans in New York and Washington States, highlighting the role of geographic and source-specific factors in AMR dissemination.

The study describes a genetic system for targeted mutations in Ehrlichia chaffeensis, demonstrating the disruption and restoration of two genes, Ech_0230 and Ech_0379, using homologous recombination. The aadA gene was utilized to confer resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin.

The paper presents ARIBA, a tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations from sequencing data. It evaluates the performance of ARIBA on three datasets, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency in detecting resistance genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The study identified several AMR genes including dfrV, dfrA1, aadA, blaOXA, sat, InsE, and InsO, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to quinolone resistance in Shigella isolates.

High-level streptomycin resistance in Salmonella enterica evolved through combinations of five mutations: gidB, trkH, nuoG, cyoB, and znuA, along with the aadA gene. These mutations collectively enhance resistance through altered ribosomal targets, reduced drug uptake, and enzymatic modification.

AadA from Salmonella enterica is a dual-specificity aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase that confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. Mutations in the catalytic residue Glu-87 significantly reduce its activity.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The paper discusses the characterization of various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC cephalosporinases, carbapenemases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fosfomycin resistance genes, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes confer resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, highlighting the complex nature of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli.

The paper reviews the role of F-like plasmids in the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, highlighting the importance of these plasmids in the dissemination of resistance genes such as blaTEM-1, sul1, aadA, and catA1, as well as virulence factors like ompP and colicin genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in feedlot lactobacilli, including ermB, tet(S), aadA, ant(6), bla, and aph(3''-III), which confer resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, and ampicillin. These genes were detected through PCR analysis and correlate with phenotypic resistance in some strains.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variants, including blaTEM, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, and floR, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from pig farm seepage, including aadA, aa(6')-le-aph(2")-la, aph(2")-lb, aph(2")-lc, aph(2")-ld, aph(3")-llla, ant(4')-la, VanA, VanB, VanC2/C3, InuA, InuB, InuC, InuF, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, OtrA, OtrB, Sul1, and Sul2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, and glycopeptides.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Choqueyapu River, including E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae carrying bla CTX-M, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and bla OXA-48 genes, highlighting the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tetA(P) as being highly enriched in manure-treated soil and rhizosphere, particularly in doxycycline-treated bulk soil, indicating its potential as a marker for soil contamination by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotics.

The study identified bla ctx-M and bla cmy-2 genes as major contributors to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase resistance in E. coli isolates from a constructed wetland dominated by a crow roost. Tetracycline resistance was primarily mediated by tet (A), tet (B), and tet (M), while streptomycin resistance was linked to strA, strB, and aadA. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance was associated with the sul1 gene.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water samples from the Bogotá River and hospital wastewaters, indicating the spread of resistance due to anthropogenic contamination.

The study identified tetracycline resistance mediated by tetB, ampicillin resistance via blaTEM, and streptomycin resistance through aadA and strpA/strpB genes in E. coli isolates from pastured goats. Mutations in gyrA conferred resistance to nalidixic acid.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from pigeon meat, including ampC, aadA, cmlA, sul1, sul2, and sul3, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides.

The study identified qnrS1, qnrS2, and qnrS13 genes as plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a commercial layer farm. Additionally, blaTEM, aadA, tetA, and dfrA1 genes were found to confer resistance to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identifies acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Napoli, including aadA, bla, tet, and sul, which confer resistance to streptomycin, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli isolates, including tet(A), tet(B), blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, aac(3)-II, aac(3)-IV, aadA, and strA-strB, which confer resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and streptomycin.

The study characterizes the multiresistance plasmid pLST1000, identifying several AMR genes including aadB, aadA, bla-TEM, bla-OXA2, sul, and mer, which confer resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin, ampicillin, sulfonamide, and mercury, respectively.

The study identified the co-occurrence of mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7.1, and various clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental and fecal samples from a Brazilian zoo, highlighting the potential reservoir of these genes in zoological environments.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from meat in South Africa, including aadA, strA, aph(3)-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IIa, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, cat1, cat2, cmlA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from clams and marine sediments, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tet(A), dfrA1, aadA, strA, strB, and ant(3"). These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Nocardia species isolated from soil, including beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance proteins, vancomycin resistance, and multidrug efflux pumps. Some soil N. cyriacigeorgica strains exhibited distinct genetic profiles suggesting possible new subspecies or species.

The study identified several AMR genes associated with different antimicrobial classes in swine fecal samples from farms with varying antimicrobial usage levels. These genes included beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, macrolide resistance markers, polymyxin resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, and trimethoprim resistance genes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the presence of resistance determinants such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The report highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, focusing on Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. It notes high resistance levels to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in Salmonella and E. coli isolates, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones in certain serovars. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli and Salmonella were rarely detected.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including strA, strB, aadA, dfrB, bla CTX-M, and tetA, in heterotrophic bacteria from drinking water treatment and distribution systems in South Africa.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla OXA-1-like, bla PER, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla KPC, bla GES, bla OXA-48-like), plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes (bla EBC, bla ACC, bla FOX, bla CIT), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetM), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catII), and sulfonamide resistance gene (sulII) in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Tsomo and Tyhume rivers.

The study identified 25 antibiotic resistance genes in 80 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, primarily encoding efflux pumps and inactivating enzymes. Notably, blaSHV, emrB, emrR, marA, marR, msbA, ompK37, oqxA, oqxB, acrA, vgaC, fosA, tet(D), APH(3")-Ib, APH(6)-Id, aadA, qnrS2, rpoB2, mexF, and oprN were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla CMY, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA, and dfrIa, in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from both organized and unorganized pig farms in Mizoram, India.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in APEC isolates, including blaTEM, aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-VIb, aadA, tetA, tetB, dfr7, qacEΔ, qnr, sul1, intl1, arsC, and merA. These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and heavy metals.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla TEM, bla OXA, bla SHV, and bla KPC, as well as other resistance genes such as CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, OXA-1, OXA-72, OXA-132, KPC-3, QnrS1, QnrB19, sul2, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, mphA, aadA, aadA2, aadA5, ampC, ampC1, ampH, PmrF, bacA, and eptA, in various Gram-negative bacterial isolates from the Isabela River in the Dominican Republic.

The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.

The study identified bla CMY-2 and bla TEM genes in E. coli and Salmonella isolates from Alberta broiler chickens, contributing to beta-lactam resistance. Additionally, aadA, aadA1a, and aadA2 genes were found to confer resistance to streptomycin.

The study demonstrates the use of nanopore sequencing for rapid identification of pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes from simulated blood samples and positive blood cultures. It identified 39 antibiotic resistance genes and 77 virulence genes in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-65, rmtB, aadA, AAC(6')-IIb, baeR, mdtABC, acrAB, oqxAB, tet, H-NS, gyrA, and parC.

The study reveals that the aacA4 gene and class I integrons harboring the aadA gene are predominant in MRSA isolates, contributing to aminoglycoside resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in APEC isolates from chickens and ducks in South Korea, including mcr-1, blaTEM, blaCTX-M group I, blaCTX-M group IV, mphA, cat, floR, cmlA, strA-B, aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetB. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as colistin, ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. The study also highlighted the zoonotic potential of certain APEC isolates, particularly those belonging to phylogenetic group B2.

The study identified the mcr-1 and mcr-5 genes in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry in Brazil, highlighting the presence of colistin resistance in avian pathogens.

The study identified the presence of sul2, aminoglycoside resistance gene aadA, fosfomycin resistance gene fosA, and fluoroquinolone resistance gene gyrB in all three B. trematum isolates. Additionally, isolate two carried a beta-lactamase gene (bla) conferring resistance to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam.

Solar photo-Fenton treatment effectively removed a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including those conferring resistance to sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams. The study identified several ARGs such as sul1, sul2, tet(X), erm(F), mph(A), mph(E), msr(E), aadA, aph(3"), aph(6), strA, and blaBKC.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio isolates from environmental freshwater sources, including aadA, strA, aphA1, catII, ampC, blaTEM, blaGES, blaOXA-48, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC, and qnrVC, indicating a significant risk of antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from freshwater fish in Malaysia, including blaTEM, blaSHV, sul1, aadA, strA-strB, tetA, and tetE, which confer resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCMY-2, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-52, blaCTX-M-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IV, aadA, strA, strB, aph(3')-Ib), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19), macrolide resistance genes (mph(A), mph(B)), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1).

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli strains from commercial broilers, including bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-2 for cephalosporin resistance, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS for fluoroquinolone resistance, aac(6')-Ib-cr for fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance, tetA and tetB for tetracycline resistance, sul1 and sul2 for sulfonamide resistance, aadA for aminoglycoside resistance, dfrA and dfrB for trimethoprim resistance, and mcr1 and mcr2 for polymyxin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates from Qatar, including blaVIM, blaOXA-50, aac(6')-Ib, aadA, ant(2')-Ia, aph(3')-IIb, qnrS1, crpP, gyrA(T83I), parC(S83I), parE(A473V), pbp3(D350N, S357N), and ompK37(M70I, M128I). These resistance mechanisms contribute to the multidrug-resistant phenotype observed in the isolates.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in foodborne pathogens isolated from dairy cattle and poultry manure amended farms in Northeastern Ohio, including mphA, aadA, aphA1, tetA, aac(3)-IV, sulII, blaTEM, tetB, strA, aac(3)-Iva, ampC, lde, ermB, tet(O), aadB, penA, blaOXA-61, aadE, and aph-3-1.

The study identified the carbapenemase gene blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-24, along with fosfomycin resistance gene fosA6, and various extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, and blaCTX-M-27 in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone, macrolide, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance were also characterized.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from chickens in Central China, including aminoglycoside resistance genes strA, strB, and aadA, beta-lactamase genes CTX-M, SHV, OXA, and TEM, and quinolone resistance mutations S83L and D87N in gyrA.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from wild boars, including sul1, sul2, sul3, aadA1, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, blaTEM, gyrA, and int1, which confer resistance to sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, quinolones, and phenicols. The presence of these genes highlights the role of management practices in the dissemination of AMR.

The study reports the first description of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in a ST13 KPC-70-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Portugal. The strain was found to harbor the blaKPC-70 gene, a variant of blaKPC-3 with two amino acid substitutions (D179Y and T263A), which conferred resistance to several β-lactam antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Serratia spp. isolates from hospitalized animals, highlighting the presence of a promiscuous IncHI2 plasmid carrying resistance genes against several high-importance antimicrobials.

The review identified several AMR genes in pathogens associated with calf diarrhea and pneumonia, including beta-lactamases (blaCMY, blaCTX-M, blaTEM), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetM, tetO), aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB, aadA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), phenicol resistance genes (cat, floR), and macrolide/lincosamide resistance genes (cfr, ermB).

The study identified bla NDM-5 as a prevalent carbapenem resistance gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from goose farms in Hainan, China. Additionally, other resistance genes such as bla CTX-M, aadA, oqxAB, tet, and mcr-1 were also detected, highlighting the complex resistance profiles of these isolates.

The study identified the presence of aadA, strA/strB, and blaTEM genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae strain isolated from a wild mallard duck in Poland.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Comamonas denitrificans isolates carrying genomic islands encoding carbapenemase blaGES-5 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase blaOXA alleles, along with aminoglycoside resistance genes aadA and detergent resistance gene qacL.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics in wastewater environments, highlighting the role of these genes in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified new subgroups of IncP/P-1 and PromA plasmids, including antibiotic resistance genes such as blaIMP-1, blaKPC-2, mcr-1, and various tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from South American camelids in Germany, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the importance of monitoring AMR in these animals.

The study identified resistance genes blaTEM, aadA, tetA, and floR in Salmonella Derby isolates, which conferred resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin/spectinomycin, tetracycline, and florfenicol, respectively.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Aeromonas hydrophila MX16A, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and quinolone resistance determinants, contributing to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identifies 15 antimicrobial resistance genes in Corynebacterium striatum, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, sulfonamides, and cationic antiseptics. These genes are often located in genomic islands and mobile genetic elements, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli strains, including aadA, strA/strB, aphA1, aphA2, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA10, dfrA12, floR, and blaSHV, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, neomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from poultry litter, including groEL, tetA, aadA, aph(3)IA, silP, pcoD, sull, qacEdelta1, iroN, ompTp, and hlyF, which were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics such as cephalothin, tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulphonamides.

The study identified several AMR genes including tetA, strB, aadA, tetB, aac(3)IV, and strA in E. coli isolates from bovine slaughterhouse samples, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from chickens in Anhui, China, including blaTEM, blaCMY-2, aadA, strA, aph(3')-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, qnrS, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, cat1, and floR. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalosporins, streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol.

The study characterizes the resistance genes aacC1, aphA, and aadA, which confer resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, respectively, in Escherichia coli MG1655. These genes were experimentally validated through chromosomal tagging and electroporation techniques.

The study identified various AMR genes in L. monocytogenes strains from Atlantic salmon, including tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetD, tetK, tetL, tetS), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, strA, aacC2, aphA1, aphA2), macrolide resistance genes (cmlA1, catI, catII), and oxazolidinone resistance genes (cfr, optrA, poxtA).

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with streptomycin, kasugamycin, gentamicin, and oxytetracycline resistance in plant pathogenic bacteria, highlighting the role of Tn 5393 and other mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of these resistance traits.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in extraintestinal E. coli populations from broilers treated with enrofloxacin. Key findings include the presence of qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Additionally, multiple other AMR genes were detected, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the highly pathogenic Proteus mirabilis strain MCS, highlighting its multidrug-resistant profile. Key genes include tetA, aac(6')-Iq, aac(6')-Ib', aadA, dfrA1, blaOXA-9, blaCTX-M-2, vat, catA2, sul1, qacEdeltal, tetQ, blaTEM-135, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-lb, and sulI.

The study characterizes the genetic structure of plasmids harboring major carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, and blaGES) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying the most prevalent allele types and their co-occurrence with other resistance genes.

The study identified bla TEM and bla CTX-M-1 as ESBL genes, strB, aadA, aphA1, and aphA2 as aminoglycoside resistance genes, and aac(6')-Ib-cr as a quinolone resistance gene in E. coli isolates from shrimps and mussels in the Marmara Sea.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in cold environments, highlighting their role as hotspots for the dissemination of ARGs. Key genes included aadA, aadB, ampC, blaSHV, blaTEM, dfrA1, ermB, fosA, qnrS, and tetA(A).

The study identified several AMR genes in R. anatipestifer isolates, including aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3′)-VII, aac(3′)-IV, aadA, strA/strB), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(X)), erythromycin resistance gene (ermF), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA), beta-lactam resistance gene (bla TEM), and sulfonamide resistance gene (sulI).

The study presents a novel 'Genome Feature Extractor Pipeline' that uses machine learning and deep learning to predict Salmonella MIC values based on 20-mer counts from WGS data. The pipeline identifies key genomic features associated with antibiotic resistance, including known resistance genes such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and sulfonamide resistance genes.

The study identifies the blaNDM-1 gene and various other resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 strains, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence.

The study identifies numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are transferred between plasmids, particularly beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla NDM-4, bla KPC-2, bla SHV-1), aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC1, and colistin resistance gene mcr-1. These genes are shown to transfer between compatible plasmids in clinical pathogens, accelerating the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from retail produce in Bangkok, Thailand. Key findings include the presence of bla TEM, qnrS, tetA, tetB, strA, and strB genes, as well as gyrA and parC mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Rissen isolates from China, including blaTEM, sul2, sul3, tetA, strA, strB, aadA, intl1VR(cx), and qacED1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin.

The paper proposes a causality-guided framework called Causal-ARG for annotating properties of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), focusing on antibiotic class, resistance mechanism, and transferability.

The study presents eleven novel primer sets for the detection and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental samples using qPCR. These primers target genes such as aadA, aadB, ampC, blaTEM, blaSHV, dfrA1, ermB, fosA, mecA, qnrS, and tetA(A), which are responsible for resistance to various antibiotics including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, trimethoprim, macrolides, fosfomycin, quinolones, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from agricultural fields in South Korea, including emrAB, cat, craA, and aadA, which confer resistance to colistin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin.

The study identified several antimicrobial-resistant genes in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium isolated from broiler chickens, including tet(K), tet(O), tet(A), mcr-1, mcr-4, strA, strB, aadA, aadE, sulI, ampC, TEM, CTX-M, and OXA. These genes conferred resistance to tetracycline, colistin, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identified several carbapenem-resistant genes, including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-50, bla OXA-395, bla NDM-7, and bla NDM-5, in various bacterial species in Fiji.

The study identifies several resistance genes, including mphA, msrE, tet(39), sul1, sul2, mer, qac, and aadA, which were found to be associated with hospital sewage and showed variations in their persistence in activated sludge. These genes contribute to resistance against macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, mercury, quaternary ammonium compounds, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multidrug and β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in lettuce and water, while lettuce and soil uniquely shared mainly glycopeptide and tetracycline ARGs. Manure was found to be the main source of resistance markers on young lettuce plants.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pan-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others. These genes were found on the chromosome and contributed to the isolates' resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study identified 20 antimicrobial resistance genes in Corynebacterium striatum, with ErmX being the most prevalent. These genes are mainly associated with plasmid sequence regions and class 1 integrons, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Shigella isolates from Fujian Province, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-64), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, ermB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aph(3')-Ib, aac(3)-IId), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), and sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17).

Probiotics from health supplements were found to harbor ARGs conferring resistance to tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, and glycopeptide antibiotics. Specifically, aadA and erm(B)-1 were detected in transconjugants after co-incubation with streptomycin-adapted probiotics.

The study identified the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii in Terengganu, Malaysia, with a focus on the detection of various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla OXA-23, bla ADC, bla NDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified several clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens, including estT, floR, mphE, erm(42), msrE, aadA, ANT(2''-Ia), APH(3''-Ib), APH(3'-Ia), APH(6)-Id, sul2, tet(H), ROB-1, and OXA-2. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones in Mannheimia haemolytica.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl farms, including blaTEM, blaOXA-10, tetA, tetR, floR, cmlA, qnrS, strA, strB, aadA, aac(3)-IId, sul, and dfrA. These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant genes in Providencia pseudovermicola sp. nov., including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-6, bla NDM-1, qnrD1, aadA, armA, msrE, mphE, lnuF, rmtC, aac(6')-Ib10, sul1, aph(3')-Ia, qacEΔ1, and dfrA1, highlighting the significance of these genes in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from intensive pig farming in South Africa, highlighting the spread of resistance across the pork production continuum.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas paraeruginosa, including carbapenemases like blaVIM-2, blaVIM-6, blaVIM-28, and blaKPC-2, as well as efflux pump genes (mexAB-oprM, mexCD-oprJ, etc.), and mutations in oprD, mexS, mexR, mexZ, lasR, mvfR, and vqsM that contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Clostridium perfringens isolates from Egyptian broiler farms, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide, quinolone, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was observed.

The study identified various AMR genes in Klebsiella spp. isolates from human, animal, and food sources, including strB, qnrS1, sul2, tetA, dfrA14, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-11, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The paper discusses the multidrug resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, efflux pumps, and mutations in porin genes. It highlights the role of these mechanisms in antibiotic resistance and the challenges they pose in treating infections.

Bacteriovorax sp. As-1 exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, primarily due to mutations in the gyrA gene, specifically S90Y and G94R, which are associated with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli from poultry and other food-producing animals in China, highlighting the prevalence of beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, and sulfonamide resistance genes.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aph(6)-id_2, mef(c), mef(b), mph(e), mph(g), msr(d), lnu(b), lnu(d), aadA, ant(6)-Ia, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, qnrS1, mcr-1, and vanA, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, and glycopeptides.

The study identified two distinct Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, ST147 and ST967, with varying resistance profiles. ST147 isolates harbored multiple resistance genes including bla OXA−181, aadA, aadA5, bla CTX−M−15, bla OXA−1, bla SHV−11, bla TEM−1, sul1, qnrS1, and tet(A), while ST967 had a more limited resistome with aac(3)-IIa, bla SHV−27, and dfrA14.

The study identifies bla_OXA-48 and bla_NDM-1 carbapenemase genes in CRKP ST101 isolates from Saudi Arabia, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance and the complexity of resistance mechanisms in high-risk clones.

The study characterizes the genetic organization of three antibiotic resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib, aadA, and oxa9) within the multiresistance transposon Tn1331, demonstrating their transcriptional regulation and functional roles in conferring resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin, and ampicillin in Escherichia coli.

The study identified the aadA gene in Enterococcus faecalis, which confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin through enzymatic modification.