The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the multidrug-resistant E. coli strain 912, including aac(3)-IV, blaTEM-1, sul2, aph(4), tet(X), and strA/B, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, apramycin, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and streptomycin.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in E. coli strains isolated from polluted rivers and wild birds. It also characterizes several other AMR genes including aadA1, aadA2, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), tet(D), tet(A), bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–1, qnrS2, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, floR, vgaC, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, and glpT (E448K).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study developed an optimized NGS-based workflow for plasmid reconstruction, enabling the identification of AMR genes such as mcr-1.1, blaTEM-1B, and others, which are critical for understanding the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study reports the emergence of a high-level carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli strain N7 producing NDM-5, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes.

The study characterizes a pESI-like plasmid harboring multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-65, in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Infantis isolates from England and Wales. The plasmid was associated with resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, fosfomycin, and heavy metals.

The study analyzed 22,102 Salmonella genomes from public databases to track antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in food animals in the United States. It found that the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) decreased in bovines and swine but increased in poultry. Key AMR genes identified include bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-65, floR, tetA, sul2, aadA2, aac(3)-VIa, qnrB19, qnrB2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1, bla CARB-2, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ia, ant(3")-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, and aac(3)-IVa. A significant mutation, gyrA D87Y, was associated with quinolone resistance in poultry.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC and EPEC isolates from imported foods in China, including blaTEM-1B, tetA, tetB, catA1, cmlA1, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IV, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul3, dfrA12, and qnrS1, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates, including aadA2, AAC(3)-IV, AAC(6')-Iy, APH(4)-Ia, cmlA1, dfrA12, floR, sul1, sul2, sul3, TEM-1, and tet(A). These genes were located on both the chromosome and plasmids, highlighting the importance of plasmid-mediated AMR gene transmission.

The study identified 361 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from poultry farms and slaughterhouses, highlighting extensive gene sharing and multidrug resistance profiles across hosts and environments.

The study reports two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis from Spain carrying the blaCTX-M-65 gene on pESI-like plasmids, along with other resistance genes such as floR, aac(3)-IVa, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aadA1, tet(A), sul1, dfrA14, and fosA3. Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while truncations in nsfA and nsfB were linked to nitrofurantoin resistance.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The study identified multiple ESBL-encoding genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, and bla SHV-12, as well as carbapenemase gene bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy cattle farms. These genes were associated with resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as aadA2, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, dfrA12, sul3, cmlA1, and others were identified, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study characterized several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates, including aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, floR, sul1, tet(A), and gyrA_D87Y, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Additionally, other genes like aac(3)-VIa, aadA1, bla HER-3, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(2′)-IIa, fosA7.4, and tet(B) were identified, each associated with resistance to specific antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure samples from a swine finishing facility, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics. Key genes included tet(M), lnuA, erm(35), aadS, mphB, dfrG, vga-type ABC-F, lsa-type ABC-F, msr-type ABC-F, optrA, and others, primarily found in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. These genes were associated with resistance mechanisms such as target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps.

The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-5 as the main carbapenem resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) isolates. Additionally, various other resistance genes were detected, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-3, OXA-1, OXA-10, TEM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Iva, aac(6′)-Ib-AKT, aac(6′)-Ib-D181Y, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2), tetracycline resistance genes (oqxA10, oqxB17), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, cmlA5).

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from a poultry production line, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from China, highlighting the increasing prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Key genes include blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-14, aac(3)-IV, and mcr-1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, quinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and phenicol resistance genes. These genes were detected using whole genome sequencing and correlated with phenotypic resistance profiles.

The study identified various carbapenem resistance genes such as bla KPC, bla KPC-3, bla KPC-2, bla NDM, and bla OXA-232, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes like aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, and others. It also found sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), beta-lactam resistance genes (bla TEM, bla OXA), and quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1).

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Salmonella infantis clone harboring a pESI-like megaplasmid with the blaCTX-M-65 gene, which confers resistance to ceftriaxone and ampicillin. Several other AMR genes, including aac(3)-IVa, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, sul1, tetA, floR, dfrA14, and fosA, were also characterized.

The study identifies two CTX-M-producing E. coli ST602 strains, UNB7 and GP188, from wild birds in Brazil and Chile, carrying a wide resistome against antibiotics, heavy metals, disinfectants, and herbicides.

The study identified silA and pcoD genes associated with copper tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from poultry, and numerous chromosomal mutations linked to colistin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars, including qnrB81, aph_6, sul2, tetA, blaCMY_2, qnrB19, aac_3_IV, blaLEN_15, aph4_la, aadA1, blaTEM_95, qnrB82, and mcr-5.1, which confer resistance to quinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and colistin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from broilers in Shandong Province, including tet(A), floR, cmlE, blaTEM, aph(4)-Ia, qnrS1, and mcr-1, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study characterizes various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, qnrB1, qnrS1, aph(6)-Id, aph(3”)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3”)-Ia, dfrA14, dfrA1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(D), sul2, sul1, fosA6, fosA_5, fosA_3, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-14b, bla CTX-M-8, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-190, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, and catB3_2, in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolates from long-term colonized patients.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from retail meat products in North Carolina, including aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aph(3'')-lb, blaTEM-1, tetB, and others, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in ground turkey.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of plasmids in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lineage with a rough colony morphology, carrying multiple AMR genes including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and quinolone resistance genes. A specific mutation (-44G > T) in the csgD promoter was found to upregulate biofilm-related genes.

The study identifies distinct antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles in bovine and swine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates, highlighting differences in the prevalence of specific AMR genes and plasmid replicons between the two host species.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae isolates from Ecuador, including bla KPC-3, bla OXA-9, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib-AKT, and mutations in ompK35, ompK36, ompK37, gyrA, parC, and acrR, contributing to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild animals, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-55, bla EC-1982), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aadA2, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetA), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance genes (mphB, lnuF, ermC, mefC), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrB5, qnrS1, qnrS2), and others. Additionally, point mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrA, qnrS, and oqxAB, as well as GyrA mutations (S83Y, D87Y, S83Y-D87Y, S83R, D87N, D87G) in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enteritidis isolates. These genes and mutations were found to contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance through various mechanisms, including efflux pump overexpression and enzymatic modification of antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa UTI isolates from the UK and Kuwait, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains, especially in Kuwaiti isolates. Key AMR genes included aac(3)-IV, aph(3')-Ib, aph(3')-IIb, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, crpP, dfrB1, aac(6')-Ib7, aac(6')-ii, aaA61, blaPDC, and blaVIM-28. Mutations in gyrA were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella strains isolated from broiler litter, including aadA1, aac(3)-IV, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, dfrA14, floR, sul1, tetA, sul2, merRTPCA, qacE, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, pcoABCDRE, silP, and silE. These genes were found on various plasmids and contributed to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, mercury, quaternary ammonium compounds, copper, and silver.

The study identifies a ceftazidime-avibactam resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain carrying the bla NDM−5 gene, which confers resistance to carbapenems and other beta-lactam antibiotics. The strain also possesses other resistance genes including bla CTX−M−65, bla SHV−103, and bla TEM−1, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla OXA, bla LAP, and bla CMY, as well as other antibiotic resistance genes such as mcr-1, mcr-1.1, tet(X4), aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, tet(A), tet(M), sul2, sul3, dfrA14, qnrS1, arr-2, fosA3, cmlA5, floR, mph(A), and lnu(F) in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from pigeons in China.

The study identifies the clonal spread of bla(CTX-M-65) producing Salmonella enterica serovars in poultry retail meat in North Carolina, USA. It characterizes the resistance profiles of these isolates, including the presence of bla(CTX-M-65), aac(3)-Iva, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, floR, mdsA, mdsB, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, aph(3')-Ia, sul2, aph(3'')-Ib, and fosA3.

The study identified 50 acquired resistance genes and seven chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella populations from Thai canal water, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from cancer patients, including genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, levofloxacin, and carbapenems. Key resistance genes included sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA27, aadA16, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(4)-Ia, ACC(3)-IId, ACC(3)-IIV, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, QnrS1, QnrB17, QnrB20, QnrB4, CTX-M, SHV, TEM, DHA-1, LAP-2, bla_kpc-1, bla_ndm-5, and bla_oxa-10.