The study identifies and characterizes the class 1 integron In34, which contains multiple antibiotic resistance genes including aadB, dfrA10, aphA1, catA1, blaTEM, and sul1. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Irish cattle farms, including strA-strB, aphA1, aadA, aadB, blaTEM, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. isolated from U.S. food animals, including aac(3'), aac(6'), aadA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA12, aphAI, aph(3')-Ii-iv, strA, strB, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1, bla PSE-1, floR, cmlA, cat1, cat2, sul1, sul2, dfr1, dfrA10, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(G), and tetR.

The study identifies the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase APH(3’)-Ia as a key contributor to aminoglycoside resistance and demonstrates that specific protein kinase inhibitors can reverse this resistance by inhibiting the enzyme.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and resistance islands in three multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, highlighting the role of genomic plasticity in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multiple efflux pumps, porins, and β-lactamases contributing to multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, including adeB, adeJ, tetB, tetA(39), and aacC1, aphA1, aadB genes, along with mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study found that tulathromycin resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica from feedlot cattle in western Canada was very low, with only five isolates showing resistance. These isolates were also resistant to other antibiotics such as neomycin, oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and ampicillin/penicillin. The resistance mechanisms involved the genes bla ROB-1, aphA-1, and tet(H).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identifies the amplification of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aphA1 in Acinetobactus baumannii as a cause of tobramycin therapy failure. The gene amplification leads to increased tobramycin resistance, with higher copy numbers correlating with higher MICs.

The study identified bla TEM and aph A1 genes in an antibiotic-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain and a qnr D gene in a plasmid of another resistant strain, demonstrating their roles in conferring resistance to beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, and quinolone antibiotics.

The study identifies tetracycline resistance determinant tetM and aminoglycoside resistance determinant aphA1 in Clostridium difficile 078 isolates from humans and pigs, indicating shared antimicrobial resistance mechanisms between human and animal strains.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains, including blaTEM, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2, aphA1, aacC2, tetB, sul1, sul2, dhfrXII, and dhfrXIII. Additionally, mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA and parC were associated with quinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(A), aphA1, blaTEM, and floR, which were transduced by phages isolated from chicken meat, highlighting the role of bacteriophages in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified blaOXA-23 and blaAmpC genes contributing to carbapenem and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and mutations in pmrA, pmrB, lpxD, lpxC, and lpsB genes linked to polymyxin resistance in A. baumannii AC30.

The study identified various aminoglycoside resistance genes and novel transposons, including Tn6279, ΔTn6279, and Tn1548-like structures, contributing to the resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

The study identified a bla ROB-1 gene in an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of M. haemolytica, which had a single nucleotide substitution leading to a non-functional gene and sensitivity to ampicillin.

The study identified aac(6')-Ib, aphA1, and aadB as the most frequently detected aminoglycoside resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from HUAPA, Cumana, Venezuela. These genes were associated with resistance to tobramycin and amikacin.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Mannheimia haemolytica, particularly in genotype 2, subtype 2b isolates, which are associated with the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease and contain various combinations of resistance genes.

The study identifies the cat gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as a key player in providing passive resistance to chloramphenicol in Streptococcus pneumoniae through intracellular deactivation of the antibiotic.

The study characterized IncA/C2 plasmids carrying In809-like integrons from Enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin, identifying several AMR genes including blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaIMP-38, sul2, floR, aac(3)-IId, qnrA1, arr-3, dfrA12, aphA1, aadA16, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and blaDHA-1.

The study identifies the aphA1 gene as a key factor in kanamycin resistance and its unexpected role in enhancing swarming motility in certain Salmonella isolates.

The study identified 17 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 103 class 1 integron-positive Escherichia coli strains from porcine feces, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli in pigs and their potential role in the dissemination of resistance genes.

The study developed and validated 85 PCR assays to detect 79 AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance across 10 antimicrobial classes, focusing on E. coli. The assays showed high concordance with sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing, demonstrating their potential for AMR surveillance in E. coli isolates and direct stool specimens.

The study identifies two new SGI1-LK variants, SGI1-LK1 and SGI1-LK2, in Proteus mirabilis isolates, highlighting the evolutionary dynamics of the SGI1-HKL group of Salmonella genomic islands.

The study identified 24 different antimicrobial-resistance determinants in Gallibacterium anatis isolates from calves with unresponsive bronchopneumonia, including novel resistance genes such as aadA23, blaCARB-8, tet(Y), and qnrD1.

The study found that aphA1 is the main kanamycin resistance gene in Salmonella isolates from broiler chickens in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, with a high prevalence of kanamycin resistance among S. Schwarzengrund isolates.

The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element, ICE Hpa1, carrying seven distinct resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis, highlighting its role in multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii, including beta-lactamases like blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, and blaOXA-235, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes like aadA1 and AAC(3)-Ia. It also found a gyrA S82L mutation associated with quinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli strains isolated from wild birds in Poland, including blaTEM, aphA1, sul2, and tetA, which confer resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio isolates from environmental freshwater sources, including aadA, strA, aphA1, catII, ampC, blaTEM, blaGES, blaOXA-48, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaKPC, and qnrVC, indicating a significant risk of antimicrobial resistance in these bacteria.

The study identifies three novel variants of PmGRI1 and a hybrid structure combining Tn7-like transposon and PmGRI1 in Proteus mirabilis, highlighting their role in carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies the presence of four copies of the oxa23 carbapenem resistance gene, blaTEM, and aphA1 in the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate Cl415. Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in foodborne pathogens isolated from dairy cattle and poultry manure amended farms in Northeastern Ohio, including mphA, aadA, aphA1, tetA, aac(3)-IV, sulII, blaTEM, tetB, strA, aac(3)-Iva, ampC, lde, ermB, tet(O), aadB, penA, blaOXA-61, aadE, and aph-3-1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from aquaculture farms in Zhanjiang, China, including blaTEM, blaCIT, floR, OptrA, cmlA, aphA1, Sul2, oqxA, qnrS, and mcr1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, quinolones, and colistin.

The study identified plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrS1 and aminoglycoside resistance genes strA-strB, aphA1, and aacC2 in E. coli isolates from a major Indian river. These genes were found to be located on conjugative plasmids, highlighting their potential for horizontal gene transfer.

This study characterizes four groups of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements (AGEs) in Providencia, highlighting the diversity and complexity of multidrug resistance (MDR) regions within these elements. It identifies numerous drug resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, contributing to the understanding of AMR mechanisms in Providencia.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla OXA-58, bla NDM-1, ble MBL, sul2, aacC2d, msr(E)-mph(E), and tet(B), in GR13-type plasmids from Acinetobacter isolates, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with resistance genes including bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, lps B, and various efflux pumps. These isolates exhibited extensive drug resistance (XDR) and were associated with sequence types ST1 and ST2.

The study identifies four novel ICEHpa1 variants (ICE Gpa1818, ICE Gpa1808, ICE Gpa1807, and ICE Gpa1815) carrying diverse resistance genes, including tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, florfenicol, and amoxicillin resistance genes.

The study identifies the aphA1 gene as a key factor in tobramycin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, highlighting the role of IS26-mediated amplification in increasing resistance levels.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including sul2, blaTEM, qnrA, dfrA1, and aphA1, in Escherichia coli isolates from retail chicken meat and human urinary tract infections. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, sulfonamides, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies the emergence of an extensively drug-resistant Citrobacter portucalensis strain, K218, which carries multiple resistance genes including bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-1, contributing to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species from freshwater samples in Southwest Nigeria, including sulI, sulII, ampC, blaOXA, blaPSE, tetA, tetE, strA, aacC2, and aphA1, highlighting the environmental spread of resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in Histophilus somni isolates, including bla ROB - 1, aphA-1, strA, strB, tetH, and tetR, which are associated with resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline. These genes were found in isolates from respiratory diseases and were linked to increased MICs.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli strains, including aadA, strA/strB, aphA1, aphA2, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA10, dfrA12, floR, and blaSHV, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, neomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins.

The study identified multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and resistance-mediating mutations in a Gallibacterium anatis isolate from a calf with a respiratory tract infection, highlighting the potential for this bacterium to serve as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including strA/strB, blaTEM, tetB, aphA1, dfrA14, dfrA17, and cat1, which contribute to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meats in Japan.

This scoping review identifies various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacteria isolated from peridomestic Rattus species, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB, aadA, aphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tet34), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17, dfr14), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB1), and others.

The study identified various AMR genes in L. monocytogenes strains from Atlantic salmon, including tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetD, tetK, tetL, tetS), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, strA, aacC2, aphA1, aphA2), macrolide resistance genes (cmlA1, catI, catII), and oxazolidinone resistance genes (cfr, optrA, poxtA).

The study identified bla TEM and bla CTX-M-1 as ESBL genes, strB, aadA, aphA1, and aphA2 as aminoglycoside resistance genes, and aac(6')-Ib-cr as a quinolone resistance gene in E. coli isolates from shrimps and mussels in the Marmara Sea.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild birds, including tet(A), tet(B), strA/strB, aphA1, sul1, sul2, and sul3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies three aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadB, aphA1, and aac(6')-Ian) in the early ST78A isolate SMAL2002, along with sul2 and floR, located in an IS26-bounded chromosomal resistance island.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone, including blaCARB-16, tetA, gyrA, parC, IS26, ABGRI1, ABGRI2, aphA1, strA, and strB, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies fosA3 as a prevalent plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance gene in waterfowl-derived E. coli strains, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-55, blaNDM-5, mcr-1.1, tetA, floR, qnrS, sul2, and aphA1. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance and highlight the importance of monitoring their spread.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain (HD-593) isolated from diseased Chinese soft-shelled turtles, which exhibits resistance to 14 antibiotics and carries several resistance genes including quinolone, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, and acylaminol resistance genes.

This review discusses the dynamic and kinetic aspects of antibiotic resistance biomolecules, focusing on the mechanisms of resistance conferred by various genes and enzymes.

The study identifies the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clonal complex 2 (CC2) in multiple hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, with resistance genes including blaOXA-23, armA, aadB, aphA1, aphA6, sul1, sul2, and tetB.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Clostridium perfringens isolates from Egyptian broiler farms, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, macrolide, quinolone, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was observed.

The study identified antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in wild boar meat in Japan, with resistance genes including blaTEM, strA, strB, aacC2, aphA1, tetA, and tetB.