Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
3′ phosphotransferase
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aphA3 | Reslit | 48 | kanamycin, aminoglycosides +6 | Enterococcus faecium +27 | Asia|Australasia, Germany|eastern Saxony|southern Brandenburg, Italy, Germany|United Kingdom|Ireland|France|Malta|Abu Dhabi|Hong Kong|Australia|Trinidad & Tobago|United States|Italy|Spain|Portugal|Switzerland|Canada|Middle East|USA|Asia|UK, China, Ireland, Europe, United States, Belgium, Malaysia, Nsukka agricultural zone, Nigeria, Italy|Spain, India, Kuwait, Germany|Egypt|Brazil|Chile|Vietnam|Russia|Belarus|Thailand, Germany, Algeria, Japan, Nepal, Tai'an, China, Egypt, USA|Peru|Egypt|Cambodia|Kenya, Nigeria, Argentina, Northern Algeria|cattle, Tunisia, Iraq|Afghanistan, Europe|Asia|North America|South America|Brazil, Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria|cow milk|human breast milk, Scotland, Southeast Nigeria|Nigeria | 2001, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AF330699 | - |
| aphA-3–1 | Reslit | 2 | gentamicin, kanamycin +1 | Campylobacter jejuni +4 | Iran, Shahrekord, Iran|Iran | 2023, 2024 | - | - |
Aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance gene cluster aadE-sat4-aphA-3 disseminated among multiresistant isolates of Enterococcus faecium.
Research Article
The study identifies the aadE-sat4-aphA-3 gene cluster responsible for aminoglycoside and streptothricin resistance in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates.
Simultaneous detection of nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae using multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay.
Research Article
The study developed a multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay to detect nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae, including erm(B), erm(A/TR), mef(A/E), tet(M), tet(O), aphA-3, aad-6, int-Tn, and mreA. These genes were found to be associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.
Microarray-based characterisation of a Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Research Article
The study identified the presence of the tetK and far1 genes in a Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, which conferred resistance to tetracycline and fusidic acid respectively. A novel plasmid (pUB102) carrying these genes was also characterized.
erm(B)-Carrying Elements in Tetracycline-Resistant Pneumococci and Correspondence between Tn1545 and Tn6003.
Research Article
The study identified and characterized erm(B)-carrying transposons in tetracycline-resistant pneumococci, showing that Tn1545 and Tn6003 have similar resistance gene combinations, including erm(B), tet(M), and aphA-3. It also revealed that Tn6002 was the most common transposon among the isolates.
A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Research Article
The study characterizes various methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones, highlighting their antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated markers, with a focus on SCC mec types and PVL status.
Identification of a novel gene product that promotes survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis in macrophages.
Research Article
The study identifies MSMEG_5817 as a gene involved in the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis within macrophages. Disruption of MSMEG_5817 leads to reduced intracellular survival, and complementation restores survival to wild-type levels.
Identification of a novel genomic island conferring resistance to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics in Campylobacter coli.
Research Article
A novel genomic island containing multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes, including aadE, aphA-3, aacA-aphD, and sat4, was identified in Campylobacter coli strains, conferring resistance to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics.
DNA microarray profiling of a diverse collection of nosocomial methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolates assigns the majority to the correct sequence type and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type and results in the subsequent identification and characterization of novel SCCmec-SCCM1 composite islands.
Research Article
The study identifies and characterizes novel SCCmec-SCCM1 composite islands in MRSA isolates, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as blaZ, erm(A), aadD, qacA, qacC, merA, merB, fosB, sdrM, aacA-aphD, far1 (fusB), Q6GD50 (fusC), and cat-pC194 (pMC524).
Comparative genomics of the Staphylococcus intermedius group of animal pathogens.
Research Article
The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in S. pseudintermedius ED99, including bla operon, aad6-sat4-aphA-3, ermB, and tetM, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, and tetracyclines.
Genotypic resistance testing creates new treatment challenges: two cases of oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Research Article
Two cases of oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) were identified, highlighting the importance of genotypic testing for accurate detection of mecA-positive strains despite phenotypic susceptibility to oxacillin.
Resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni.
Review
The paper reviews the resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni, focusing on fluoroquinolone, macrolide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside resistance. Key mechanisms include mutations in gyrA, efflux pumps like CmeABC, modifications of 23S rRNA, and the presence of resistance genes such as aphA-3, TetO, and blaOXA-61.
Epidemiology and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage isolates from bovines.
Research Article
The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from bovines, including blaZ, blaI, blaR, tetM, ermC, aacA-aphD, aadD, aphA3, cat, sdrM, and fosB, which confer resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail shrimps in Malaysia.
Research Article
The study identified the chloramphenicol resistance gene catA2 and the kanamycin resistance gene aphA-3 in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from retail shrimps in Malaysia.
Characterization of mannitol-fermenting methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from pigs in Nigeria.
Research Article
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from pigs in Nigeria, including mecA, blaZ, erm(C), erm(B), str, tet(K), tet(M), tet(L), dfrG, dfrK, aacA/aphD, aphA3, cat pC221, and cat pC223. Additionally, a Ser84Leu mutation in the gyrA gene was found to confer ciprofloxacin resistance.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Dairy Leuconostoc, Analysis of the Genetic Basis of Atypical Resistances and Transfer of Genes In Vitro and in a Food Matrix.
Research Article
The study identified several AMR genes in Leuconostoc strains, including erm(B) for erythromycin resistance, tet(S) for tetracycline resistance, and others like aadE, aphA-3, sat4, and vat(E) for aminoglycoside and virginiamycin resistance.
Whole-Genome Sequencing for Routine Pathogen Surveillance in Public Health: a Population Snapshot of Invasive Staphylococcus aureus in Europe.
Research Article
The study analyzed 308 invasive Staphylococcus aureus isolates using whole-genome sequencing to identify high-risk clones and understand the distribution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. It showed that in silico predictions of antibiotic resistance profiles are as reliable as traditional phenotypic testing.
Identification of Genes Coding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes in E. coli of UTI Patients in India.
Research Article
The study identifies the presence of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes rrs, aacC2, aacA-aphD, and aphA3 in E. coli isolates from UTI patients in India, indicating a mechanism of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Shifts in the Clonal Distribution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kuwait Hospitals: 1992-2010.
Research Article
The study identified various AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Kuwait hospitals, including aphA3, aacA-aphD, ermA, ermC, mupA, tetK, tetM, fusC, far1, msrA, mphC, sat, qacA, qacC, merA, merB, dfrS1, aadD, fosB, cat, sdrM, icaA, icaC, and icaD, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Variety of Antimicrobial Resistances and Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Meat Products Legally and Illegally Introduced to Germany.
Research Article
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from meat products, including resistance to β-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Healthy Turkeys and Broilers Using DNA Microarrays.
Research Article
The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates from healthy turkeys and broilers, including ermA, ermB, ermC, tetK, tetM, lnuA, mphC, vgaA, aadD, aphA3, blaZ, blaI, blaR, and mecA. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, lincomycin, macrolides, streptogramins, tobramycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and beta-lactam antibiotics.
Nasal and pharyngeal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri among hospitalised patients and healthcare workers in a Serbian university hospital.
Research Article
Emergence of Nasal Carriage of ST80 and ST152 PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Livestock in Algeria.
Research Article
The study identified the emergence of PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus isolates carrying resistance genes such as aphA3 and fosB in livestock in Algeria, highlighting the potential for cross-species transmission of these pathogens.
Activating mutations in quorum-sensing regulator Rgg2 and its conformational flexibility in the absence of an intermolecular disulfide bond.
Research Article
The study identifies activating mutations in the quorum-sensing regulator Rgg2 of Streptococcus pyogenes, leading to constitutive activation of the quorum-sensing pathway. These mutations increase sensitivity to pheromones and alter inhibition by cyclosporine A.
Novel Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcal Mobile Linear Plasmid pELF1 Encoding vanA and vanM Gene Clusters From a Japanese Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Isolate.
Research Article
The study identifies a novel multidrug-resistant enterococcal mobile linear plasmid pELF1 that encodes vanA and vanM gene clusters, conferring resistance to vancomycin, as well as other antibiotics such as streptomycin, streptothricin, kanamycin, and erythromycin.
MRSA Strains in Nepalese Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Their Environment.
Research Article
The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Rhesus macaques, environmental samples, and human patients in Nepal, including aacA-aadD, dfrA, erm(C), aacA-aphD, aphA3, sat, and blaZ.
Prevalence and characteristics of multidrug-resistant mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Tai'an, China.
Research Article
The study identified mcr-1 as the primary cause of colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Tai'an, China, with high prevalence of multidrug resistance involving genes like bla TEM, bla CTX-M, aphA3, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2.
Characteristics of oral methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from dental plaque.
Research Article
The study identified multiple AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates from dental plaque, including mecA, dfrA, dfrG, aacA-aphD, aadD, aphA3, ermC, msrA, tetK, norA, qacA, and qacC. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin G, trimethoprim, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Characterization of Staphylococci and Streptococci Isolated from Milk of Bovides with Mastitis in Egypt.
Research Article
The study identified multiple AMR genes in Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolates from bovine milk, including blaZ, mecA, erm(C), aac(aph)D, tetK, tetL, tetM, lnuA, erm(A), erm(B), aphA-3, aad-6, and optrA, indicating widespread resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and linezolid.
Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study.
Research Article
The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Human, Chicken and Environmental Samples within Live Bird Markets in Three Nigerian Cities.
Research Article
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA isolates from human, chicken, and environmental samples in Nigerian live bird markets, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential public health risks associated with their dissemination.
Early Inoculation of Microbial Suspension in Suckling Piglets Affects the Transmission of Maternal Microbiota and the Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes.
Research Article
The study shows that early inoculation of microbial suspensions affects the transmission of maternal microbiota and the associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in piglets. Specific ARGs such as aadE_2, aphA3, ermB, lnuB, vanTG, tetQ, tnpA, mpmB, lnuC, and tetW were found to be influenced by the inoculation of microbial suspensions S1 and S2.
A GC-Rich Prophage-Like Genomic Region of Mycoplasma bovirhinis HAZ141_2 Carries a Gene Cluster Encoding Resistance to Kanamycin and Neomycin.
Research Article
The study identifies a gene cluster (aadE*-sat4-aphA-3) in Mycoplasma bovirhinis HAZ141_2 that confers resistance to kanamycin, neomycin, and nourseothricin. The cluster was functionally validated by cloning into E. coli and demonstrating resistance through MIC testing.
Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates From Dairy Cattle With Mastitis.
Research Article
The study identified several AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy cattle with mastitis, including tet(O), ermB, lnu(B), and aphA3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin, and kanamycin.
Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Human and Food Samples in Northern Algeria.
Research Article
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human and food samples in northern Algeria, including blaZ, ermB, ermC, aphA3, sat, tetK, and tetM.
The aadE*-sat4-aphA-3 Gene Cluster of Mycoplasma bovirhinis HAZ141_2 Undergoes Genomic Rearrangements Influencing the Primary Promoter Sequence.
Research Article
The aadE*-sat4-aphA-3 gene cluster in Mycoplasma bovirhinis HAZ141_2 undergoes genomic rearrangements, including inversions and deletions, which affect the primary promoter sequence and influence gene expression. The genes aadE*, sat4, and aphA-3 confer resistance to streptomycin, streptothricin/nourseothricin, and kanamycin/neomycin, respectively.
Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance among Feline and Canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Diagnostic Submissions.
Research Article
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in feline and canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, including blaZ, mecA, mecC, tet(K), tet(M), erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(T), msr(A), aadE, aacA-aphD, aphA3, aadD, dfrG, lnu(B), and lsa(E). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and others.
A New Variant of the aadE-sat4-aphA-3 Gene Cluster Found in a Conjugative Plasmid from a MDR Campylobacter jejuni Isolate.
Research Article
The study identifies a novel variant of the aadE-sat4-aphA-3 gene cluster in the conjugative plasmid pCjH01 from a multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolate, which provides resistance to kanamycin and gentamicin.
Virulence Profiling, Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Strains from Chicken Carcasses in Tunisia.
Research Article
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter strains from chicken carcasses in Tunisia, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with high resistance rates to various antibiotics.
Metagenomic features of bioburden serve as outcome indicators in combat extremity wounds.
Research Article
The study identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases blaADC-10 and blaADC-25, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase aphA-3, and beta-lactamase blaOXA-50, associated with resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics in combat wound bioburden.
How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments.
Review
The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus suis, highlighting resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, amphenicols, pleuromutilins, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.
Antibiotic resistance genes and molecular typing of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women.
Research Article
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from pregnant women, including ermB, mefA/E, ermTR, tetM, tetO, and aphA3, which confer resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.
Molecular epidemiology, drug resistance, and virulence gene analysis of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from dairy goats in backyard farms in China.
Research Article
The study identified multiple AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy goats in China, including pbp2b, tetL, tetM, tetK, tetO, ermA, ermB, mefA, aphA3, aad6, lnu(B), gryA, and parC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and quinolones.
Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry in Iran: Antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence genes, and molecular mechanisms.
Research Article
The study identified blaOXA-61, tet(O), aadE1, aphA-3-1, and cmeB as key AMR genes in Campylobacter isolates from poultry in Iran, highlighting their role in resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.
An in-house 45-plex array for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria.
Research Article
The study describes an in-house 45-plex array for detecting antimicrobial resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria, identifying optrA, poxtA, and vanA as significant resistance markers in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus isolates.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species in shelter-housed healthy and diarrheic cats and dogs in Turkey.
Research Article
The study identified tetO and aphA-3 genes associated with tetracycline and gentamicin resistance, respectively, in Campylobacter jejuni isolates. Additionally, the Thr-86-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene was found to confer resistance to quinolone antibiotics.
Pathogenic Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Study of Enterococci from Different Ecological Settings.
Research Article
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates, including ermB (macrolide resistance), vanA (glycopeptide resistance), aphA3 (aminoglycoside resistance), aac6′-aph2″ (aminoglycoside resistance), and cat pIP501 (chloramphenicol resistance).
Emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius lineages revealed by whole genome sequencing of isolates from companion animals and humans in Scotland.
Research Article
The study identified novel methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) lineages, including ST726 and ST551, and characterized antimicrobial resistance genes such as mecA, blaZ, tetK, and mupA. It also noted a high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among MRSP isolates.
Arcobacter species isolated from human stool samples, animal products, ready-to-eat salad mixes, and ambient water: prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence gene profiles.
Research Article
The study identified the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes such as tet(O), blaOXA-61, aphA-3–1, and aadE1 in Arcobacter spp. isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides.
Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from Fish, Aquatic Environments, and Fish Handlers in Southeast Nigeria.
Research Article
The study identified 19 antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from fish, aquatic environments, and fish handlers in Southeast Nigeria, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with various resistance mechanisms.
Antibiotic resistance in mastitis-causing bacteria: Exploring antibiotic-resistance genes, underlying mechanisms, and their implications for dairy animal and public health.
Review
The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with mastitis, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, aphA3, aacA-aphD, aadD, ermA, msrA, mphC, lnuB, and vanA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides.
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