The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates, including bla ADC, bla OXA-69-like, bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-58-like, bla TEM, bla PER, aacC1, aacC2, aadA1, aadB, and aphA6, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and neomycin.

The draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter bereziniae HPC229, a carbapenem-resistant clinical strain from Argentina, reveals the presence of blaNDM-1, ampC, a new blaOXA-229-like variant, and a new carO allele, along with other resistance genes such as aphA6 and various efflux pump systems.

The study reports the first occurrence of OXA-72-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Serbia, highlighting the presence of multiple AMR genes including blaOXA-72, aadA2, strA, strB, aphA6, armA, blaADC-25, and blaOXA-66, along with fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE.

The study identified the coexistence of bla(OXA-23) and bla(NDM-1) genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Nepal, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance. Additionally, blaADC and aphA6 genes were detected, contributing to cephalosporin and aminoglycoside resistance, respectively.

The study identified multiple mutations in genes such as parC, gyrA, acrB, adeR, and ampC that contribute to fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1. Horizontal gene transfer events, particularly the acquisition of the AbaR resistance island, played a significant role in the development of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies the bla(OXA-58) gene and the aphA6 gene as part of a resistance module in Acinetobacter baumannii, which confers resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides, respectively.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain Ab33405, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, highlighting the genetic basis of its multidrug resistance.

The study demonstrates the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, including bla OXA-23, bla PER-1, and aphA6, via conjugative plasmids and class 1 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii.

The study identified various AMR genes in clade F strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, including blaOXA-23, aadB, aadA2, aphA6, aacC1, aadA1, and armA, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain carrying the blaNDM-1 gene on a novel plasmid, highlighting the role of plasmids in the dissemination of carbapenem resistance.

The study identified the aphA6 gene as a major contributor to amikacin resistance in multi-antibiotic resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Iran, particularly those belonging to global clone 1.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain carrying both mcr-1 and bla NDM-1, highlighting the co-existence of colistin and carbapenem resistance genes in Vietnam.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, aadB, sul2, aphA6, and tet39, in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Iran, highlighting the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in these strains.

The study reports the first autochthonous extensively drug-resistant NDM-1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 strain in Italy, highlighting the presence of multiple beta-lactamase genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and multidrug efflux pumps contributing to its extensive drug resistance.

The paper reviews the diversity and characteristics of plasmids in Acinetobacter species, particularly highlighting the presence of various beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-24, blaPER-1, blaADC-25), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadB, aphA6), tetracycline resistance gene (tet(39)), macrolide resistance genes (mph(E), msr(E)), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and other resistance genes (bcr). These genes are primarily found on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance in clinical isolates.

The study identifies the rep gene as essential for the replication of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) in the presence of IncC plasmids. The rep gene, encoding a putative replication initiator protein, is necessary for SGI1 replication, and its deletion leads to a significant reduction in SGI1 copy number.

The study identified 13 resistance genes, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aphA6, aac(3)-IId, aac(2')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr5), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3, catA3), rifampicin resistance (arr3), bleomycin resistance (ble), and tetracycline resistance (tet(B)) in NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii strains.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadB, aphA6, aacC1) and carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-58-like) in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Ahvaz, Iran, highlighting the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes, including aphA6, aadB, aadA1, aacA4, aacC2, and ArmA, which contribute to high levels of resistance against various aminoglycosides in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii, including clmA, pbp1, pbp3, blaPER-7, aac(6a)-Ib, ant(2n)-Ia, armA, aphA6, sul1, and arr2, which were upregulated or downregulated in response to human serum albumin (HSA) and human serum (HS).

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including catA1, tetA(A), sul1, aacC1, aadA1, aphA6, and oxa23, in two carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, ABH008 and ABS200, highlighting their extensive drug resistance.

The study identified Tn6924, a novel Tn7 family transposon carrying bla(NDM) and 14 copies of aphA6 in Acinetobacter baumannii, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple carbapenemase genes, including blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-207, as well as various resistance islands harboring genes such as aacA4, catB8, and armA, contributing to the multidrug resistance of CR Ab isolates in U.S. hospitals.

The study identified a variety of AMR genes in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Egypt, including novel variants such as blaADC-258 and resistance islands like RI-PER-7. Key findings include the prevalence of blaOXA-23, blaTEM-1, and armA, along with multiple resistance determinants associated with mobile genetic elements.

The study identifies various AMR genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from Chile, including blaTEM, aacC2, aphA6, sul1, sul2, catA1, tetA(A), aadA1, dfrA1, strAB, cmlB1, floR, oxa58, and oxa23, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study highlights the role of mobile genetic elements, particularly insertion sequences (IS), in the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species. IS elements can enhance the expression of intrinsic beta-lactamase genes, such as bla OXA-23, bla OXA-51, and ampC, leading to carbapenem and cephalosporin resistance. Additionally, IS elements can disrupt genes involved in antibiotic uptake, such as porins, and alter the expression of efflux pumps, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies the bla NDM-1 gene on the plasmid pCPE16_3 as a key contributor to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, demonstrating that biofilm growth enhances the conjugative transfer of this plasmid.

The study identified acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in B. cenocepacia isolates from a bacteraemia outbreak, including aphA6, blaNDM-1, blaPME-1, sul1, and tetG, which conferred resistance to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. No acquired AMR genes were found in the STNF outbreak isolates.

The study identifies various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary, including beta-lactamases like bla VIM-2-like, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-66, aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aacA4, aadA2, and aphA, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

The study identifies multiple carbapenem resistance genes, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, blaOXA-219, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-253, and blaOXA-72, as well as other resistance genes such as aphA6 and sul2, in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST15 strains.

The study identifies the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clonal complex 2 (CC2) in multiple hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, with resistance genes including blaOXA-23, armA, aadB, aphA1, aphA6, sul1, sul2, and tetB.