The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella variicola, including blaLEN, oqxAB, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-9, blaOXA-48, aac(6')-Ib, aadA16, sul1, sul2, qnrB6, arr-3, and floR. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, gentamicin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified two clones of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ST37 and ST3006, in a neonatal intensive care unit. ST37 harbored multiple resistance genes, including OXA-33, TEM-1, SHV-11, and others, while ST3006 carried fewer resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including aac(6')-Ib, blaOXA-30, catB3, arr-3, qacE, sul1, intI1, armA, msrE, mphE, and blaCTX-M-3, in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strains in China, highlighting the role of class I integrons in the dissemination of resistance.

The study characterized multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-1, bla OXA-1, aad AI6, aac (6′)Ib-cr, aph (6)Id, aph (3′)-Ib, oqx A, oqx B, fos A, ARR-3, sul 1, sul 2, dfr A14, dfr A27, cat A1, and cat B4.

The study identifies the floR gene as a major contributor to florfenicol resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly in Leclercia adecarboxylata strain R25. Other resistance genes such as mdfA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, qnrB6, sul1, dfrA27, arr-3, and qacEΔ1 were also characterized.

The study identified bla OXA-181, bla NDM, arr-3, aac (6′)-Ib-cr, rmtF, and catB1 as key resistance genes in colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains, highlighting the complex resistance mechanisms involving carbapenemases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study characterizes the recombination events in the conjugative virulence plasmid p15WZ-82_Vir during transmission, identifying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and their roles in the formation of mosaic plasmids that carry both virulence and resistance traits.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in a KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae isolate, including blaKPC-3, aac(3)-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-214, mphA, qacH, catB3, arr-3, sul1, and dfrA14, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1, in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from pigs with postweaning diarrhea in China.

The study identified 13 resistance genes, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aphA6, aac(3)-IId, aac(2')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr5), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3, catA3), rifampicin resistance (arr3), bleomycin resistance (ble), and tetracycline resistance (tet(B)) in NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii strains.

The study identified several AMR genes in two hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from renal transplant recipients, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, indicating resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study characterizes two clinical Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates co-producing VIM and MCR enzymes, identifying specific AMR genes and their resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST188 and various Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with distinct resistance mechanisms, highlighting the role of colonization in causing infections in ICU patients.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a hospital in Vietnam. Key AMR genes include blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, and mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance. Colistin resistance was due to disruption of the mgrB gene by an IS L3-like element.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate carrying the plasmid-mediated AmpC gene blaDHA-1, along with other resistance genes such as blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, sul1, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB4, arr-3, tet(A), catB3, mph(A), fosA, IncFIB(K), and IncR.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene and various other resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from animal organs with lesions, highlighting their multidrug resistance profiles and the genetic features of plasmids carrying these genes.

The study identifies a novel plasmid-encoded VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, ZDHY95, with a complex genetic arrangement including a novel class I integron In1998 and various resistance genes such as blaVIM-2, aacA3, aadA13, cmlA8, blaOXA-246, arr3, dfrA27, qacEΔ1, sul1, aacA4'-30, aacA4', qnrVC1, catB11, blaCARB-4.

The study identifies three novel variants of PmGRI1 and a hybrid structure combining Tn7-like transposon and PmGRI1 in Proteus mirabilis, highlighting their role in carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1A, bla LEN17, aadA16, arr-3, qnrB4, oqxA/B, dfrA27, sul1, tetD, fosA, qacEΔ1, bla CTX-M-3, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-27, aac(6')-IIa, rmtB, aph(3')-Ia, aadA16, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB91, oqxA/B, mph(A), tet(A), fosA, dfrA27, and two copies of qacEΔ1-sul1.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes, including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla VIM-1, bla NDM-5, bla OXA-162, and bla KPC-3, in Citrobacter spp. isolates, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified 88 acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 166 Morganella isolates, with a focus on tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and beta-lactam resistance genes. Key ARGs included blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, aacA4, aadA5, dfrA17, catB3, arr-3, blaOXA-1, aacA4cr, mph(A), rmtB, sul2, floR, qnrS1, tetA, and ermB.

The study identified several AMR genes in bla NDM-1 -harboring CREC isolates, including bla NDM-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA5, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB6, ARR-3, dfrA17, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, tet(A), mph(A), bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-57, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and macrolides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes on IncHI5 plasmids in Klebsiella michiganensis, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-3, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-12, blaIMP-4, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-16, blaSFO-1, blaSIM-1), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aacA4, arr3, aadA5, gcu37, dfrA1), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catA2), streptomycin resistance genes (strA, strB), macrolide resistance genes (msrAB, mph(A)), and quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene (qacG2).

This study characterizes four groups of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements (AGEs) in Providencia, highlighting the diversity and complexity of multidrug resistance (MDR) regions within these elements. It identifies numerous drug resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, contributing to the understanding of AMR mechanisms in Providencia.

The study identifies a novel transposon Tn7376 and a genomic island MMGI-4 in a multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii isolate, carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including dfrA24, mph(A), aadA1, sul1, floR, catA2, cmlA1, aph(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(B), arr-3, blaTEM-1B, blaDHA-17, blaCARB-2, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-3, and fosA3.

The study identified extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in coastal marine environments, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-181, blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1, mcr-8, armA, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-ib, aph(6)-id, dfrA, sul2, qnrB, tetA, and catII, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing E. coli ST162 strain isolated from a pygmy sperm whale, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1C, blaOXA-1, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The study identifies a novel sequence type 4523 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, ST4523, which is resistant to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, and carries the bla NDM-5 gene on a plasmid. The strain also possesses various other resistance genes on plasmids pSHX180-1 and pSHX180-NDM5.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Indiana isolates, including bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-28, bla CTX-M-79, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and mcr-1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from China, highlighting the increasing prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Key genes include blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-14, aac(3)-IV, and mcr-1.

The study identified mcr-1 as a major gene conferring colistin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from humans, pigs, and foods in China. Additionally, several other resistance genes such as tet(A), floR, sul2, aadA1, strA, strB, blaCTX-M-14, fosA, lnu(F), and arr-3 were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-14, qnrS1, mcr-1.1, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the transfer of resistance genes between species.

The study identified bla DHA-1 as a critical gene for carbapenem resistance in K. quasipneumoniae FK688, and showed that its loss leads to decreased resistance. Other resistance genes such as qnrB4, tetA[B], arr-3, dfrA27, aadA16, qacΔE1, and sul1 were also found on the pNAR1 plasmid.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the E. coli ST167 isolate ECO3183, including bla_NDM-5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA27, tet(A), floR, mph(A), and arr-3, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype. Additionally, a chromosomal gyrA mutation (p.S83L) was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study characterizes bla NDM-1-harboring plasmids in clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates from Argentina, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, bla PER-2, qnr D1, sul1, sul2, arr3, catB3, floR, mph(E), msr(E), and tet(A).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Klebsiella isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1, bla SHV, and bla OXA-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams. Other genes like aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB1, qnrB6, catA1, catA2, catB3, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, mph(A), tet(A), tet(D), fosA, ARR-3, and oqxAB were also found, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, tetracycline, fosfomycin, rifampicin, and quinolones respectively. Mutations in ompK36, ompK37, and acrR were associated with resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, while mutations in RamR were linked to tigecycline resistance.

The study identifies tet(X4) and tmexCD1-toprJ1 as key genes contributing to tigecycline resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital sewage, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated resistance and efflux pump overexpression.

The study identifies blaIMP-4 and blaIMP-26 as carbapenemase genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales. Additionally, various other AMR genes such as aac(6')-lb3, armAC, aph(3'')-lb, aph(6)-ld, aadA5, aac(6')-llc, aac(3)-IId, dfrA19, dfrA1, sul1, tet(D), tet(A), qnrS1, qnrB4, msr(E), mph(E), ere(A), mph(A), mcr-9, and ARR-3 were characterized for their roles in resistance to different antibiotics.

The study identifies 54 AMR genes and three AMR gene cassettes in the plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolate S1467, contributing to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 isolates, including bla NDM-5, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-232, bla OXA-48, aadA1, aph(3')-VI, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B/C, bla OXA-9, truncated catA1, qnrS1, sul1, dfrA5, mph(A), erm(B), aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib3, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, rmtB, fosA, oqxAB, bla SHV-11/67, arr-3, and catB3.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla NDM, bla OXA, and others, contributing to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Mutations in porin genes ompK35 and ompK36, as well as in gyrA and parC, are associated with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies a novel multidrug-resistant species, Providencia xianensis, which shows resistance to several antibiotics including tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, lincosamide, rifamycin, and beta-lactams.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lineage with a rough colony morphology, carrying multiple AMR genes including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and quinolone resistance genes. A specific mutation (-44G > T) in the csgD promoter was found to upregulate biofilm-related genes.

The study identifies mcr-8 and mcr-9 genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates from Thailand, highlighting their role in colistin resistance. It also characterizes additional AMR genes such as bla NDM-1, bla IMP-14, and various other resistance determinants.

The study identifies the NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST357 as an extensively drug-resistant strain with a unique resistome, highlighting the importance of tracking the origin of such isolates through genomic epidemiology.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Klebsiella isolates from neonates in the NICU, including bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-67, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, aph(3'')-Ib, and others. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Additionally, the study found a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain carrying several resistance genes and plasmids.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fresh produce, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified non-carbapenemase β-lactamase genes and chromosomal mutations, including missense mutation or loss of ompK36 porin and frameshift missense mutation in efflux pump systems, as potential mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in NC-CRKP.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identifies CTX-M-55, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-14 ESβL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in companion animals in Ecuador, highlighting their global One Health significance and the need for surveillance programs.

The study identifies the IncC plasmid as a major driver of co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and azithromycin in Salmonella Thompson isolates in China, with specific resistance genes including qnrS1, qepA4, blaCMY-2, and mph(A).

The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella clinical isolates, including tet(B), sul1, catA2, sul2, floR, aadA1, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla PER-3, and bla OXA-1, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr6, aph(3″)-Ib, and floR, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics in Aeromonas isolates.

The study identified 11 antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida strains isolated from diseased starry flounders, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, and biocides.

The study identifies a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes in the Enterobacter hormaechei complex, highlighting its multidrug-resistant nature and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identified E. coli strains co-harboring blaOXA-1, catB3, and arr-3 genes from a dairy farm environment in China, demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotics including beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin.

The study reports the isolation of a Pseudomonas guariconensis clinical isolate producing OXA-204 carbapenemase, highlighting the spread of OXA-48-like genes beyond Enterobacterales. The isolate exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics due to the presence of various resistance genes, including blaOXA-204, blaCMY-16, blaDHA-1, and others.

The study introduces the EZMTT method for enhanced detection of drug-resistant subpopulations in Gram-negative bacteria, showing superior sensitivity compared to conventional methods like BMD and VITEK. It identifies specific resistance genes such as bla in clinical isolates.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Minhang District, Shanghai, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of specific genetic elements in resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies several carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa lineages with specific resistance genes, including blaOXA-10, blaVIM-2, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of resistance.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study identified various AMR genes in Klebsiella spp. isolates from human, animal, and food sources, including strB, qnrS1, sul2, tetA, dfrA14, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-11, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study characterizes the dissemination of colistin resistance genes mcr-9 and mcr-10 across diverse Inc plasmid backbones in Enterobacter species, highlighting their co-occurrence with other resistance genes and their global distribution.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1D, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, strB, qnrS1, sul2, sul1, catII.2, tet(A), dfrA14, arr-3, and mphA, in ESBL-KpSC isolates from East Africa, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.