Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
drug transporter
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bcr | Reslit | 10 | Bicyclomycin, Tetracycline +4 | Escherichia coli +7 | Taiwan, shellfish, China, Argentina, Norway|China, France|United States|Germany|Belgium|Poland | 2001, 2004, 2006, 2012, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 | X63703|D90796 |
| - |
| BcrA | Reference Gene CatalogReslit | 15 | Bacitracin, BACITRACIN +10 | Enterococcus faecalis +15 | New Zealand, Africa, Quebec, Canada, France, China, Norway, Tibet|farmland soils|Zhejiang province, Manitoba, Canada | 2004, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024 | AY496968 | EAD6110326.1 |
| Bcr | Reslit | 1 | Ampicillin/sulbactam, Ceftazidime +3 | Acinetobacter seifertii SAb133 | Brazil | 2019 | SNSA00000000 | - |
| bcrA | Card Database | 1 | - | Bacillus licheniformis | - | - | L20573.1 | AAA99504.1 |
Analysis of a complete library of putative drug transporter genes in Escherichia coli.
The study identified 20 genes in Escherichia coli that confer resistance to various antimicrobial agents, including novel drug resistance determinants such as yceE, yceL, yidY, ydgFE, yegO, cusA, and ybjYZ. Additionally, several previously known genes were found to have broader resistance spectra than previously reported.
Effects of efflux transporter genes on susceptibility of Escherichia coli to tigecycline (GAR-936).
The study identified several efflux transporter genes, including tet(B), tet(C), tet(K), acrAB, acrEF, and bcr, that influence the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to tigecycline. While tigecycline was effective against strains expressing these efflux pumps, it was found to be a substrate for AcrAB and AcrEF, suggesting potential resistance mechanisms.
Acquired bacitracin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis is mediated by an ABC transporter and a novel regulatory protein, BcrR.
The study identifies the bcrABD operon and the regulatory gene bcrR as essential for acquired bacitracin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis. The bcrABD genes encode a homodimeric ABC transporter that mediates bacitracin efflux, and bcrR acts as a transcriptional activator of this operon.
Effect of Drug Transporter Genes on Cysteine Export and Overproduction in Escherichia coli.
The study identifies the Bcr multidrug transporter as involved in l-cysteine export and overproduction in E. coli, demonstrating its role in reducing intracellular l-cysteine levels and enhancing l-cysteine production when overexpressed.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacillus Strains Isolated from Primary Starters for African Traditional Bread Production and Characterization of the Bacitracin Operon and Bacitracin Biosynthesis.
The study identified erythromycin resistance genes ermD and ermK in Bacillus licheniformis strains and bacitracin biosynthesis genes bacA and bcrA in Bacillus sonorensis strains, highlighting species-specific antimicrobial resistance profiles.
Characterization of genes encoding for acquired bacitracin resistance in Clostridium perfringens.
The study identifies and characterizes the bcrABDR operon in Clostridium perfringens, which includes genes encoding an ABC transporter (bcrA, bcrB), an undecaprenol kinase (bcrD), and a regulatory gene (bcrR) associated with high-level bacitracin resistance.
Whole-genome sequencing and identification of Morganella morganii KT pathogenicity-related genes.
The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella morganii KT, including ampC, metallo-beta-lactamase genes (MM2254, MM2308, MM2606), tetAJ, catA2, bcr, and ksgA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, carbapenems, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, bicyclomycin, and kasugamycin.
Diversity and Evolution of the Tn5801-tet(M)-Like Integrative and Conjugative Elements among Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus.
Comparative genomics of Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme reveals species-specific genomic properties and numerous putative antibiotic resistance determinants.
The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.
Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Cephalic Recording Chambers in Research Macaques (Macaca spp.).
The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from macaque cephalic implants, highlighting the presence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance, tetracycline resistance, and bacitracin resistance. These findings emphasize the complexity of AMR in clinical settings and the need for targeted antimicrobial strategies.
Genomic insights into the pathogenicity and environmental adaptability of Enterococcus hirae R17 isolated from pork offered for retail sale.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus hirae R17, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, lincosamides, streptogramins, pleuromutilins, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and others. Notably, the strain exhibited resistance to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.
Agricultural Origins of a Highly Persistent Lineage of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis in New Zealand.
The study identifies the ST108 lineage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis as having an agricultural origin, with multiple resistance genes including vanA, ermB, tetL, tetM, and bcr operon components contributing to its persistence in New Zealand.
Genomic Characterization of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated From Shellfish: Novel Insight Into Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Determinants.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from shellfish, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, polymyxin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and macrolides.
Characterization of an Environmental Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter seifertii and Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Co-occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Metal Tolerance Determinants.
The study characterizes an environmental multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter seifertii isolate (SAb133) and identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, metal tolerance genes, and virulence factors. Key findings include the presence of bla ADC–25, bla TEM, and various efflux pump genes, along with metal tolerance genes and virulence factors.
Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic diffusion assays, provide new insight on drug resistance in the genus Pedobacter.
The study identifies several AMR genes in Pedobacter isolates, including a metallo-beta-lactamase gene (pedo-2) and genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps (bcrA, mexI). These genes contribute to resistance against carbapenems and other antibiotics.
Whole-genome sequence analyses of Glaesserella parasuis isolates reveals extensive genomic variation and diverse antibiotic resistance determinants.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Glaesserella parasuis, including bla ROB−1, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, sul2, aph(3′)-Ib, norA, bacA, ksgA, and bcr, which contribute to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and multiple antibiotics.
What do we know about plasmids carried by members of the Acinetobacter genus?
The paper reviews the diversity and characteristics of plasmids in Acinetobacter species, particularly highlighting the presence of various beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-24, blaPER-1, blaADC-25), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadB, aphA6), tetracycline resistance gene (tet(39)), macrolide resistance genes (mph(E), msr(E)), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and other resistance genes (bcr). These genes are primarily found on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance in clinical isolates.
Antibiotic Resistance and Phylogeny of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated over Three Decades from Chicken Meat in the Norwegian Food Chain.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from chicken meat in Norway, including beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, and genes involved in resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin.
Biocide-tolerance and antibiotic-resistance in community environments and risk of direct transfers to humans: Unintended consequences of community-wide surface disinfecting during COVID-19?
The paper discusses the mechanisms of biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, highlighting the role of mutations, horizontal gene transfer, efflux pumps, membrane alterations, and biofilms in developing resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. It emphasizes the risks posed by the extensive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance.
Longitudinal study on the effects of growth-promoting and therapeutic antibiotics on the dynamics of chicken cloacal and litter microbiomes and resistomes.
The study identified various AMR genes in chicken microbiomes, including bacitracin resistance genes (bacA, uppP), fluoroquinolone resistance genes (cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR), and β-lactam resistance gene blaOXA-61. These genes were found in Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Campylobacteriaceae, highlighting the complex resistome dynamics influenced by antibiotic usage.
Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products and enramycin differentially modulate microbiota and antibiotic resistome in the cecal digesta of broilers.
Enramycin treatment promoted the expression of bcrA, vanRI, and lsaE resistance genes while suppressing ANT(6)-Ib, vatB, and ugd. BLFPs suppressed aminoglycoside and streptogramin resistance genes but enhanced macrolide and aminocoumarin resistance genes.
Active antibiotic resistome in soils unraveled by single-cell isotope probing and targeted metagenomics.
The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in soil samples, highlighting the active resistome in agricultural and natural soils. Key findings include the detection of genes like gyrA, bcrA, and macB, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and meropenem. The research emphasizes the importance of phenotypic resistance assessment in environmental AMR monitoring.
Genomic characterization of Bacillus cereus sensu stricto 3A ES isolated from eye shadow cosmetic products.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in B. cereus s.s. 3A-ES, including VanB-type, VanRB, CAT15/16, BcrA, BcrB, Lsa(B), and recA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics and preservatives in cosmetic products.
Comparative genomics analysis of the multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila MX16A providing insights into antibiotic resistance genes.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Aeromonas hydrophila MX16A, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and quinolone resistance determinants, contributing to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Enterococcus cecorum Reveals Intercontinental Spread of a Lineage of Clinical Poultry Isolates.
The study identifies six genes associated with avian clinical isolates of Enterococcus cecorum, which can help distinguish them from nonclinical isolates.
Bacterial diversity and resistome analysis of drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada.
The study identified a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes in drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. Key findings include the presence of genes such as aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Iia, aac(6')-Iic, aph(3')-Ia, acrD, smeB, smeR, FEZ-1, rm3, SPG-1, OXA-21, OXA-119, OXA-205, dfrA14, dfrB6, acrB, acrF, adeF, ceoB, emrA, mexE, mexF, mexI, oprN, oqxB, BRP(MBL), vanSO, axyY, CRP, efrB, macB, mexB, mexC, mexD, mexK, mexQ, mexW, mexY, mtrA, muxB, muxC, oleB, oleC, ompB, oprM, smeD, smeE, golS, mdsB, PER-2, TEM-126, msbA, arnA, bacA, bcrA, MCR-5, rosA, rosB, rpoB2, ugd, mexN, taeA, efpA, rphA, rphB, otr(A), otrC, tetA(48 ), ompH, and triC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, monobactams, nitroimidazoles, peptides, phenicols, pleuromutilins, rifamycins, tetracyclines, and triclosan.
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