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Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

blaBEL

extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-1

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to blaBEL

Browse AMR rules for blaBEL

Validation StatusConfirmed2+ DBs

Overview

Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Validation Method: cloning and sequencing, enzymatic activity assays
Drug Classes: TICARCILLIN, CEPHALOSPORIN, AMOXICILLIN, CEFOXITIN, TICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACID, AMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACID, AMPICILLIN, CEFOTAXIME, CEFTAZIDIME, AMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACID, PIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAM, PIPERACILLIN, Cephalosporin, Aztreonam, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Cefepime, Carbapenem, Ceftazidime/avibactam, Cefepime/taniborbactam
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacterales
Geographic Location: Belgium, Spain, Spain|China|Taiwan
Alleles: 5
Papers: 5
Databases: Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit

Allele Variants5

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
blaBEL-1	Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit	7	TICARCILLIN, CEPHALOSPORIN +15

Papers5

1

BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron In120 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 16127048 · 2005

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-1
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: DQ089809.1
Protein Accession: AAZ04368.1
Notes: ARO:3002385

2

BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron In120 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 16127048 · 2005

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-1
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: DQ089809.1
Protein Accession: AAZ04368.1
Notes: ARO:3002385

3

BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron In120 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 16127048 · 2005

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-1, BEL beta-lactamase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation, antibiotic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: DQ089809.1
Protein Accession: AAZ04368.1
Notes: ARO:3002385

4

BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron In120 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 16127048 · 2005

The study identifies BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, which hydrolyzes expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. BEL-1 is encoded in a class 1 integron In120 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Encodes: beta-lactamase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: hydrolyzes expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam
Confers Resistance To: CephalosporinAztreonam
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Belgium
Validation Method: cloning and sequencing, enzymatic activity assays
Sequence Accession: DQ089809

5

BEL-1, a novel clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and the class 1 integron In120 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 16127048 · 2005

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: DQ089809

6

BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 19884378 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-2
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-2
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: FJ666063.1
Protein Accession: ACV69996.1
Notes: ARO:3002386

7

BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 19884378 · 2010

The study identifies BEL-2, a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which exhibits increased activity towards expanded-spectrum cephalosporins compared to BEL-1.

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-2
Encodes: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
Confers Resistance To: CeftazidimeCefotaximeCefepimeAztreonam
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Belgium
Validation Method: cloning in E. coli and determination of MICs
Sequence Accession: FJ666063

8

BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 19884378 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-2
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: FJ666063

9

BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 19884378 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-2
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-2
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: FJ666063.1
Protein Accession: ACV69996.1
Notes: ARO:3002386

10

BEL-2, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with increased activity toward expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 19884378 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-2
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-2, BEL beta-lactamase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation, antibiotic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: FJ666063.1
Protein Accession: ACV69996.1
Notes: ARO:3002386

11

Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

PMID 19933793 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-3
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-3
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: GQ202694.1
Protein Accession: ACT09140.1
Notes: ARO:3002387

12

Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

PMID 19933793 · 2010

The study identifies blaOXA-144 and blaBEL-3 as new acquired β-lactamases contributing to resistance in carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-3
Encodes: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: hydrolysis
Confers Resistance To: CeftazidimeCefepimeCarbapenem
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Geographic Location: Spain
Validation Method: cloning in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and susceptibility testing
Sequence Accession: GQ202694|FJ617207

13

Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

PMID 19933793 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-3
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-3
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: GQ202694.1
Protein Accession: ACT09140.1
Notes: ARO:3002387

14

Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

PMID 19933793 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-3
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-3, BEL beta-lactamase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation, antibiotic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: GQ202694.1
Protein Accession: ACT09140.1
Notes: ARO:3002387

15

Activity of a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, CXA-101 (FR264205), against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains.

PMID 19933793 · 2010

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-3
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: GQ202694

16

Crystal Structure of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa BEL-1 Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase and Its Complexes with Moxalactam and Imipenem.

PMID 27671060 · 2016

The study describes the crystal structure of the BEL-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its complexes with moxalactam and imipenem, highlighting the structural features that contribute to its resistance properties.

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Encodes: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ceftazidime
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Validation Method: structural analysis and enzymatic activity
Sequence Accession: 5EOE|5EOO|5EPH|5EUA

17

Broad spectrum of β-lactamase coverage and potent antimicrobial activity of xeruborbactam in combination with meropenem against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, including strains resistant to new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.

PMID 40711423 · 2025

Xeruborbactam in combination with meropenem shows potent activity against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, including strains resistant to other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Specific β-lactamases like blaIMP-23 and blaSPM-1 were identified as resistant to xeruborbactam.

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-1
Encodes: serine beta-lactamase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ceftazidime/avibactamCefepime/taniborbactam
Organisms Tested In: • Enterobacterales
Geographic Location: Spain|China|Taiwan
Validation Method: cloning in E. coli and MIC testing
Sequence Accession: NG_049187.1|CP097249.1

18

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-4
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-4
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: KX388629.1
Protein Accession: ANM44757.1
Notes: ARO:3006154

19

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-5
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-5
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Confers Resistance To: CEPHALOSPORIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: PV474612.1
Protein Accession: XRI57711.1

20

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-4
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-4
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: KX388629.1
Protein Accession: ANM44757.1
Notes: ARO:3006154

21

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-4
Encodes: BEL beta-lactamase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: antibiotic inactivation
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: NG_050978.1
Protein Accession: WP_065158950.1
Notes: ARO:3006154

22

Gene Information

Gene Name: blaBEL
Allele: blaBEL-4
Encodes: extended-spectrum class A beta-lactamase BEL-4
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Enzymatic inactivation
Confers Resistance To: TICARCILLINCEPHALOSPORINAMOXICILLINCEFOXITINTICARCILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDAMPICILLINCEFOTAXIMECEFTAZIDIMEAMOXICILLIN+CLAVULANIC ACIDPIPERACILLIN+TAZOBACTAMPIPERACILLIN
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Sequence Accession: KX388629.1
Protein Accession: ANM44757.1
Notes: ARO:3006154