blaCTX-M
beta-lactamase
Overview
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis
- Validation Method
- cloning in E. coli + MIC testing
- Drug Classes
- cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cephalosporins, aztreonam, cefepime, cefoxitin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, piperacillin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanate, amoxicillin
- Organisms
- Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter gergoviae, Klebsiella pneumoniae BM4493, Escherichia coli JM83, Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, Kluyvera georgiana, Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Serratia marcescns, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis, Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone, Enterobacteriaceae
- Geographic Location
- Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Canada|United Kingdom, China +17 more
- Alleles
- 25
- Papers
- 40
- Databases
- Reslit
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blaCTX-M-8 | Reslit | 1 | cefotaxime | Enterobacter cloacae +2 | Brazil | 2000 | AF189721 | - |
| blaCTX-M-9 | Reslit | 6 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +4 | Escherichia coli +4 | Spain, China, Europe, Singapore | 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 | AF174129 | - |
| blaCTX-M-3 | Reslit | 4 | ceftazidime, cefotaxime +2 | Escherichia coli +5 | Taiwan, China, Poland | 2000, 2003, 2004 | NCBI:AF345115 | - |
| blaCTX-M-10 | Reslit | 4 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +2 | Escherichia coli +4 | Spain | 2001, 2002, 2005 | AF255298 | - |
| blaCTX-M-12 | Reslit | 1 | cephalosporins | Klebsiella pneumoniae +1 | Kenya | 2001 | AF305837 | - |
| blaCTX-M-16 | Reslit | 2 | ceftazidime, cefotaxime +1 | Escherichia coli | Brazil | 2001, 2005 | AY029068 | - |
| blaCTX-M-19 | Reslit | 1 | ceftazidime | Klebsiella pneumoniae | France | 2001 | AF325133|AF325134 | - |
| blaCTX-M-18 | Reslit | 1 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +1 | Escherichia coli +1 | France | 2001 | AF325133|AF325134 | - |
| blaCTX-M-14 | Reslit | 4 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +1 | Escherichia coli +2 | China, South Korea|Korea, Canada | 2002, 2004, 2005 | AF252621|AF252622|AF252623 | - |
| blaCTX-M-13 | Reslit | 2 | cefotaxime | Klebsiella pneumoniae +1 | China, Canada | 2002, 2004 | AF252621|AF252622|AF252623 | - |
| blaCTX-M-17 | Reslit | 1 | cefotaxime, aztreonam | Klebsiella pneumoniae BM4493 +1 | Vietnam | 2002 | AY033516|AF454633 | - |
| blaCTX-M | Reslit | 4 | cephalosporins, ceftazidime +5 | Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor +2 | Argentina, Greece, Russia|Belarus, France | 2002, 2004 | - | - |
| bla(CTX-M-9) | Reslit | 1 | cefoxitin, cefotaxime | Escherichia coli | Spain | 2002 | AF174129 | - |
| blaKLUG-1 | Reslit | 1 | ampicillin, ticarcillin +8 | Kluyvera georgiana +1 | - | 2002 | AF501233 | - |
| blaCTX-M-1 | Reslit | 1 | ceftazidime, cefotaxime +2 | Escherichia coli | France | 2003 | AY259119 | - |
| blaCTX-M-2 | Reslit | 5 | cephalosporins, ceftazidime +4 | Escherichia coli +9 | Argentina, Singapore, Japan, Tel Aviv, Israel | 2003, 2004, 2005 | AY162283 | - |
| blaCTX-M-15 | Reslit | 6 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +5 | Escherichia coli +4 | Canada, Singapore, France, Toronto, Canada|Vancouver, Canada|India, Honduras, Lebanon | 2004, 2005 | AF535127|AF535128|AF535129|AF535130|AY243512 | - |
| blaCTX-M-32 | Reslit | 1 | ceftazidime | Escherichia coli | Spain | 2004 | AJ557142 | - |
| blaCTX-M-20 | Reslit | 1 | ceftazidime, ceftriaxone | Klebsiella pneumoniae +1 | Singapore | 2004 | AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304 | - |
| blaCTX-M-11 | Reslit | 1 | ceftazidime, ceftriaxone | Klebsiella pneumoniae +1 | Singapore | 2004 | AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304 | - |
| blaCTX-M-30 | Reslit | 1 | cefotaxime | Citrobacter freundii +1 | Canada | 2004 | AY292654 | - |
| blaCTX-M-26 | Reslit | 2 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +2 | Klebsiella pneumoniae +1 | Canada|United Kingdom, Tel Aviv, Israel | 2004, 2005 | AF518567|AY455830 | - |
| blaCTX-M-25 | Reslit | 1 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime | Escherichia coli | Canada|United Kingdom | 2004 | AF518567|AY455830 | - |
| blaCTX-M-27 | Reslit | 1 | ceftazidime, ceftriaxone | Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone +1 | Tunisia | 2005 | AY552589 | - |
| blaCTX-M-39 | Reslit | 1 | cefotaxime, ceftazidime +1 | Escherichia coli | Tel Aviv, Israel | 2005 | AY954516 | - |
A novel CTX-M beta-lactamase (CTX-M-8) in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated in Brazil.
The study identifies a novel CTX-M beta-lactamase, CTX-M-8, which confers resistance to cefotaxime in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Brazil.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-8
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Enterobacter cloacae• Citrobacter amalonaticus• Enterobacter aerogenes
- Geographic Location
- Brazil
- Validation Method
- cloning in E. coli + MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AF189721
Cloning and sequence of the gene encoding a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (CTX-M-9) from Escherichia coli in Spain.
The study reports the cloning and sequencing of a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, CTX-M-9, from a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli in Spain.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-9
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- cloning and MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AF174129
Dissemination of CTX-M-3 and CMY-2 beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in southern Taiwan.
The study identifies CTX-M-3 and CMY-2 beta-lactamases as significant contributors to beta-lactam resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in southern Taiwan.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-3
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Taiwan
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequence analysis
Nucleotide sequence and characterization of a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (CTX-M-10) isolated in Spain.
The study characterizes a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, CTX-M-10, which is closely related to CTX-M-3 and is widely distributed in the institution.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-10
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- cloning in E. coli + hydrolysis assay
- Sequence Accession
- AF255298
Molecular characterization of a novel plasmid-encoded cefotaximase (CTX-M-12) found in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya.
The study identified a novel plasmid-encoded cefotaximase, CTX-M-12, in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, which confers resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-12
- Encodes
- cefotaximase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam ring
- Confers Resistance To
- cephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Kenya
- Validation Method
- PCR, sequencing, and susceptibility testing
- Sequence Accession
- AF305837
Novel Cefotaximase (CTX-M-16) with Increased Catalytic Efficiency Due to Substitution Asp-240→Gly.
The study identifies a novel CTX-M-type beta-lactamase, CTX-M-16, which differs from CTX-M-9 by a single amino acid substitution (Asp-240→Gly). This mutation enhances the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, particularly against ceftazidime and aztreonam.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-16
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Brazil
- Validation Method
- cloning in E. coli + MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AY029068
CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase That Hydrolyzes Ceftazidime through a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Omega Loop.
The study identified two CTX-M-type beta-lactamases, CTX-M-18 and CTX-M-19, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics, with CTX-M-19 showing unique resistance to ceftazidime due to a single amino acid substitution in the omega loop.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-19
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- France
- Validation Method
- cloning and MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AF325133|AF325134
CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase That Hydrolyzes Ceftazidime through a Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Omega Loop.
The study identified two CTX-M-type beta-lactamases, CTX-M-18 and CTX-M-19, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics, with CTX-M-19 showing unique resistance to ceftazidime due to a single amino acid substitution in the omega loop.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-18
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- France
- Validation Method
- cloning and MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AF325133|AF325134
Genes encoding TEM-4, SHV-2, and CTX-M-10 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are carried by multiple Klebsiella pneumoniae clones in a single hospital (Madrid, 1989 to 2000).
The study identifies multiple Klebsiella pneumoniae clones carrying TEM-4, SHV-2, SHV-2a, SHV-5, CTX-M-10, and CTX-M-9 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, highlighting the clonal diversity and spread of these resistance genes in a single hospital over a 12-year period.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-10
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY005110
Genes encoding TEM-4, SHV-2, and CTX-M-10 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are carried by multiple Klebsiella pneumoniae clones in a single hospital (Madrid, 1989 to 2000).
The study identifies multiple Klebsiella pneumoniae clones carrying TEM-4, SHV-2, SHV-2a, SHV-5, CTX-M-10, and CTX-M-9 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, highlighting the clonal diversity and spread of these resistance genes in a single hospital over a 12-year period.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-9
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY005110
Three cefotaximases, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People's Republic of China.
The study identifies three CTX-M beta-lactamases (CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14) and SHV-12 as significant contributors to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in China.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-14
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae• Enterobacter cloacae
- Geographic Location
- China
- Validation Method
- nucleotide sequence analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF252621|AF252622|AF252623
Three cefotaximases, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People's Republic of China.
The study identifies three CTX-M beta-lactamases (CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14) and SHV-12 as significant contributors to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in China.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-13
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- China
- Validation Method
- nucleotide sequence analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF252621|AF252622|AF252623
Three cefotaximases, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People's Republic of China.
The study identifies three CTX-M beta-lactamases (CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M-14) and SHV-12 as significant contributors to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in China.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-9
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae• Enterobacter cloacae• Citrobacter freundii
- Geographic Location
- China
- Validation Method
- nucleotide sequence analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF252621|AF252622|AF252623
Epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacter isolates in a Spanish hospital during a 12-year period.
The study identified three distinct extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs): CTX-M-10, TEM-24, and TEM-27, which were responsible for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Enterobacter isolates.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-10
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of extended-spectrum cephalosporins
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimecefepime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Enterobacter cloacae• Enterobacter gergoviae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- PCR amplification and sequencing
ColE1-like plasmid pIP843 of Klebsiella pneumoniae encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-17.
The study identifies the blaCTX-M-17 gene, which encodes an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase responsible for resistance to cefotaxime and aztreonam in Klebsiella pneumoniae BM4493. The gene is located on a ColE1-like plasmid pIP843 and was characterized through cloning and MIC testing.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-17
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae BM4493• Escherichia coli JM83
- Geographic Location
- Vietnam
- Validation Method
- cloning and MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AY033516|AF454633
Plasmidic extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates in Argentina.
The study identifies the presence of plasmidic extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates in Argentina, specifically CTX-M-type and PER-2-type ESBLs.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- plasmidic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Confers Resistance To
- cephalosporinsceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor
- Geographic Location
- Argentina
- Validation Method
- PCR-RFLP analysis and isoelectric focusing
Bloodstream Infections by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Children: Epidemiology and Clinical Outcome.
The study identifies several extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) including TEM-52, SHV-2a, TEM-88, CMY-1-like, and CTX-M-14 in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from children with bloodstream infections. These ESBLs confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-14
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- South Korea|Korea
- Validation Method
- cloning and sequencing
Novel complex sul1-Type Integron in Escherichia coli Carrying blaCTX-M-9.
The study characterizes a novel complex sul1-type integron, In60, which carries the blaCTX-M-9 gene, encoding a beta-lactamase that confers resistance to cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and cefpodoxime.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- bla(CTX-M-9)
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefoxitincefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AF174129
Chromosome-encoded Ambler class A beta-lactamase of Kluyvera georgiana, a probable progenitor of a subgroup of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
The study identifies a chromosome-encoded Ambler class A beta-lactamase, KLUG-1, from Kluyvera georgiana, which shows high similarity to plasmid-mediated CTX-M-8 and confers resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaKLUG-1
- Encodes
- Ambler class A beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ampicillinticarcillincephalothinpiperacillincefoxitincefotaximeceftazidimeceftriaxonecefepimeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Kluyvera georgiana• Escherichia coli
- Validation Method
- cloning in E. coli + MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AF501233
In vivo acquisition of ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype anatum.
The study identifies the bla CTX-M-3 gene as the cause of ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum and Escherichia coli, which was acquired in vivo through a conjugative plasmid.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-3
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Taiwan
- Validation Method
- PCR, nucleotide sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization
- Sequence Accession
- NCBI:AF345115
Clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: prevalence of CTX-M-3 at a hospital in China.
The study identified CTX-M-3 and SHV-43 beta-lactamases as significant contributors to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in a Chinese hospital.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-3
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of extended-spectrum beta-lactams
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae• Enterobacter cloacae• Citrobacter freundii
- Geographic Location
- China
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY065991
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in community and private health care centers.
The study identifies various extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) including TEM-24b, TEM-21, TEM-15, TEM-19, TEM-3, SHV-4, and CTX-M-1, which confer resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from community and private healthcare centers.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-1
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimecefotaximeaztreonamcefepime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- France
- Validation Method
- PCR amplification and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY259119
Cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli among summer camp attendees with salmonellosis.
The study identified CTX-M-9, CMY-2, and TEM-1 beta-lactamase genes in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESCREC) isolates from a summer camp outbreak. These genes conferred resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-9
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Salmonella enterica
- Geographic Location
- Europe
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Molecular epidemiology of orf513-bearing class 1 integrons in multiresistant clinical isolates from Argentinean hospitals.
The study identifies the dfrA3b gene, bla CTX-M-2, aacA4, bla OXA-2, and orf513 as significant AMR genes in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates from Argentinean hospitals.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-2
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae• Salmonella spp.• Citrobacter freundii• Enterococcus faecium• Streptococcus• Staphylococcus aureus• coagulase-negative Staphylococcus
- Geographic Location
- Argentina
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY162283
Ambler Class A Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Canadian Hospitals
The study identifies several extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Canadian hospitals, including novel variants such as TEM-115, TEM-120, SHV-40, SHV-41, and SHV-42, highlighting the diversity and emergence of these resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-15
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- beta-lactamase-mediated resistance
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Canada
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequence analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF535127|AF535128|AF535129|AF535130|AY243512
Ambler Class A Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Canadian Hospitals
The study identifies several extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Canadian hospitals, including novel variants such as TEM-115, TEM-120, SHV-40, SHV-41, and SHV-42, highlighting the diversity and emergence of these resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-13
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Canada
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequence analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF535127|AF535128|AF535129|AF535130|AY243512
Ambler Class A Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Canadian Hospitals
The study identifies several extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Canadian hospitals, including novel variants such as TEM-115, TEM-120, SHV-40, SHV-41, and SHV-42, highlighting the diversity and emergence of these resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-14
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Canada
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequence analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF535127|AF535128|AF535129|AF535130|AY243512
High-level resistance to ceftazidime conferred by a novel enzyme, CTX-M-32, derived from CTX-M-1 through a single Asp240-Gly substitution.
The study identifies a novel CTX-M-32 beta-lactamase, which confers high-level resistance to ceftazidime through a single Asp240-Gly substitution in the CTX-M-1 enzyme.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-32
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- site-directed mutagenesis and MIC testing
- Sequence Accession
- AJ557142
CTX-M-type beta-lactamases affect community Escherichia coli treatment, Greece.
The study identified CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-3 beta-lactamases in community-acquired E. coli isolates in Greece, highlighting their role in resistance to cefotaxime and affecting treatment options.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Greece
- Validation Method
- PCR detection, sequencing, and MIC testing
CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae Singapore.
The study identifies various CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Singapore, highlighting the emergence of these resistance mechanisms in the region.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-20
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Singapore
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304
CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae Singapore.
The study identifies various CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Singapore, highlighting the emergence of these resistance mechanisms in the region.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-2
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Singapore
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304
CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae Singapore.
The study identifies various CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Singapore, highlighting the emergence of these resistance mechanisms in the region.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-11
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Singapore
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304
CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae Singapore.
The study identifies various CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Singapore, highlighting the emergence of these resistance mechanisms in the region.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-15
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Singapore
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304
CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae Singapore.
The study identifies various CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Singapore, highlighting the emergence of these resistance mechanisms in the region.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-9
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Singapore
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY517474|AY517476|AY517475|AY517473|AY514304
Molecular Epidemiology of Serratia marcescens in Two Hospitals in Danzig, Poland, over a 5-Year Period
The study identified CTX-M-3, TEM-47, and SHV-5 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Serratia marcescens isolates from two hospitals in Danzig, Poland, over a 5-year period. These enzymes conferred resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-3
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftriaxoneceftazidimecefepime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Serratia marcescns
- Geographic Location
- Poland
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Multiple outbreaks of nosocomial salmonellosis in Russia and Belarus caused by a single clone of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium producing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.
The study identifies a single clone of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium producing CTX-M-4 and CTX-M-5-like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, leading to resistance against cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and aztreonam.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftriaxoneaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
- Geographic Location
- Russia|Belarus
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Nosocomial transmission of CTX-M-2 beta-lactamase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in a neurosurgery ward.
The study identifies the bla CTX-M-2 gene as the cause of cefotaxime resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from a neurosurgery ward, highlighting the role of this gene in mediating resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-2
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Acinetobacter baumannii
- Geographic Location
- Japan
- Validation Method
- PCR amplification and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- X92507
Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.
The study identified three clonally related CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli isolates with varying resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline. The isolates exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones due to mutations in gyrA and parC genes, and resistance to aminoglycosides due to the aac(6')-1b gene. The CTX-M-15 beta-lactamase conferred resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-15
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimecefotaximeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- France
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY013478
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harboring the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada.
The study reports the complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid, pC15-1a, which harbors the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, along with other resistance genes such as blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, and tetA. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains associated with an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-15
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of extended-spectrum cephalosporins
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Toronto, Canada|Vancouver, Canada|India
- Validation Method
- plasmid sequencing and confirmation of beta-lactamase activity
- Sequence Accession
- AY458016
Pediatric infection due to multiresistant Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis in Honduras.
The study reports the first detection of bla CTX-M-15 in Salmonella and identifies multiple beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM-1b, bla SHV-5, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2) in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis isolate from Honduras.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-15
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- ampicillinamoxicillin-clavulanateceftazidimecefotaximeceftriaxonecefepimeaztreonam
- Organisms Tested In
- • Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis
- Geographic Location
- Honduras
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in long-term care facilities, France.
The study reports the first documented outbreak of CTX-M-producing E. coli in a long-term care facility in France, highlighting the emergence of these strains and their resistance mechanisms.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeamoxicillinticarcillin
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- France
- Validation Method
- PCR amplification and sequencing
Community-onset disease caused by Citrobacter freundii producing a novel CTX-M beta-lactamase, CTX-M-30, in Canada.
The study identifies a novel CTX-M beta-lactamase, CTX-M-30, produced by Citrobacter freundii causing community-onset disease in Canada.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-30
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Citrobacter freundii• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Canada
- Validation Method
- sequencing and cloning
- Sequence Accession
- AY292654
Molecular and kinetic comparison of the novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamases CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26.
The study characterizes two novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26, which confer resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Both enzymes show distinct kinetic properties, with CTX-M-25 exhibiting higher ceftazidime hydrolysis compared to CTX-M-26.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-26
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- Canada|United Kingdom
- Validation Method
- susceptibility testing and kinetic analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF518567|AY455830
Molecular and kinetic comparison of the novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamases CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26.
The study characterizes two novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-26, which confer resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Both enzymes show distinct kinetic properties, with CTX-M-25 exhibiting higher ceftazidime hydrolysis compared to CTX-M-26.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-25
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Canada|United Kingdom
- Validation Method
- susceptibility testing and kinetic analysis
- Sequence Accession
- AF518567|AY455830
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Enterobacter isolates obtained in Tel Aviv, Israel.
The study identified the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Enterobacter isolates, including TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-2, and CTX-M-26, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-2
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeampicillincephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Enterobacter cloacae
- Geographic Location
- Tel Aviv, Israel
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Enterobacter isolates obtained in Tel Aviv, Israel.
The study identified the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Enterobacter isolates, including TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-2, and CTX-M-26, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-26
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeampicillincephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Enterobacter cloacae
- Geographic Location
- Tel Aviv, Israel
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Nosocomial outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone producing CTX-M-27 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a neonatal unit in Sousse, Tunisia.
The study identifies the CTX-M-27 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and the dfrA21 gene, which confer resistance to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim in Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-27
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Salmonella enterica serotype Livingstone• Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Tunisia
- Validation Method
- PCR, sequencing, isoelectric focusing, and conjugation experiments
- Sequence Accession
- AY552589
CTX-M-10 linked to a phage-related element is widely disseminated among Enterobacteriaceae in a Spanish hospital.
The study identifies the CTX-M-10 beta-lactamase gene linked to a phage-related element, which is widely disseminated among various Enterobacteriaceae species in a Spanish hospital.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-10
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Enterobacteriaceae
- Geographic Location
- Spain
- Validation Method
- cloning and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY598759
Structure, function, and inhibition along the reaction coordinate of CTX-M beta-lactamases.
The study characterizes CTX-M beta-lactamases, which are extended-spectrum beta-lactamases that hydrolyze various beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. It identifies the structural basis for their activity and provides insights into the development of inhibitors targeting these enzymes.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-9
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolyzes beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefoxitinceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Validation Method
- X-ray crystallography and enzymatic inhibition studies
- Sequence Accession
- 1YLY|1YLZ|1YM1|1YMS|1YMX
Structure, function, and inhibition along the reaction coordinate of CTX-M beta-lactamases.
The study characterizes CTX-M beta-lactamases, which are extended-spectrum beta-lactamases that hydrolyze various beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins. It identifies the structural basis for their activity and provides insights into the development of inhibitors targeting these enzymes.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-16
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolyzes beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefoxitinceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Validation Method
- X-ray crystallography and enzymatic inhibition studies
- Sequence Accession
- 1YLY|1YLZ|1YM1|1YMS|1YMX
Countrywide spread of community- and hospital-acquired extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-15)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Lebanon.
The study identifies the widespread presence of CTX-M-15 and SHV-5a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae in Lebanon, highlighting their role in resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-15
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Confers Resistance To
- ceftazidimecefotaxime
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae• Enterobacter cloacae• Citrobacter freundii
- Geographic Location
- Lebanon
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Detection of five novel CTX-M-type extended spectrum beta-lactamases with one to three CTX-M-14 point mutations in isolates from Hefei, Anhui province, China.
Five novel CTX-M-type extended spectrum beta-lactamases with one to three CTX-M-14 point mutations were detected in isolates from Hefei, Anhui province, China.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-14
- Encodes
- extended-spectrum beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimeceftriaxone
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli• Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Geographic Location
- China
- Validation Method
- PCR and DNA sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY847143|AY847144|AY847145|AY847146|AY847147
CTX-M-2 and a new CTX-M-39 enzyme are the major extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in multiple Escherichia coli clones isolated in Tel Aviv, Israel.
The study identifies bla CTX-M-2 and a new variant, bla CTX-M-39, as the major extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in multiple Escherichia coli clones in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-2
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimecephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Tel Aviv, Israel
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY954516
CTX-M-2 and a new CTX-M-39 enzyme are the major extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in multiple Escherichia coli clones isolated in Tel Aviv, Israel.
The study identifies bla CTX-M-2 and a new variant, bla CTX-M-39, as the major extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in multiple Escherichia coli clones in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- blaCTX-M
- Allele
- blaCTX-M-39
- Encodes
- beta-lactamase
- Source Database
- Reslit
- Mechanism
- hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics
- Confers Resistance To
- cefotaximeceftazidimecephalosporins
- Organisms Tested In
- • Escherichia coli
- Geographic Location
- Tel Aviv, Israel
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
- Sequence Accession
- AY954516
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