Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
ampC beta-lactamase
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blaMIR-1 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 7 | Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime +14 |
| China, Eastern Europe|India|Latin America|Asia Pacific|North America|Western Europe |
| 1990, 2004, 2007, 2009 |
| M37983|M37839|X07274|AF390084 |
| AAD22636.1 |
| blaMIR-4 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 4 | TICARCILLIN, CEPHALOSPORIN +11 | Escherichia coli | - | 2008 | EF417572.2 | ABN69112.2 |
| blaMIR-23 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter cloacae | - | 2014 | KJ949106.1 | AIG20028.1 |
| blaMIR-17 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 4 | Carbapenem, Ceftazidime +2 | Enterobacter cloacae +1 | University Medical Center Groningen, Europe | 2018, 2024 | CEA29752.1|LN515533.1 | CEA29752.1 |
| bla_MIR | Reslit | 1 | Cephalosporin | Escherichia coli | Germany|Kosovo|Ukraine|Afghanistan | 2023 | - | - |
| blaMIR-6 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 5 | Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime +13 | Enterobacter cloacae | Southern Taiwan | 2018 | JQ673557|JQ664733 | AFJ79785.1 |
| blaMIR | Reslit | 3 | Cephalosporin, Ceftazidime +1 | Escherichia coli +2 | Greece, Egypt, Southern Thailand | 2021, 2022, 2025 | CP099115|CP099116|CP099117|CP099118|CP099119|CP099120|CP099121|CP099122|CP099123|CP099124|CP099125|CP099126|CP099127|CP099128|CP099129|CP099130|CP099131|PRJNA953848 | - |
| blaMIR-19 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 4 | Piperacillin/tazobactam, CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter spp +5 | Australia|Singapore|Turkey | 2021 | NG_050721.1 | WP_045354584.1 |
| blaMIR-18 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 4 | Piperacillin/tazobactam, CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter spp +5 | Australia|Singapore|Turkey | 2021 | NG_049302.1 | WP_063860839.1 |
| blaMIR-9 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 4 | Piperacillin/tazobactam, Cephalosporin +1 | Enterobacter spp +6 | Australia|Singapore|Turkey, Europe|Asia|South America|Africa|Germany|Vietnam|USA|Ecuador|China | 2021, 2024 | CP038466.1|CP072345|CP072346|CP072347|CP072348|CP072349|CP072350|CP072351|CP072352|CP072353|CP072354 | AIT76113.1 |
| MIR | Reslit | 1 | - | Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 | Danakil Depression, Afar Region, Ethiopia | 2023 | - | - |
| blaMIR-5 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 6 | Cephalosporin, TICARCILLIN +11 | Enterobacter xiangfangensis +2 | India | 2024 | CP017183|CP017179|CP017181|CP001918|WJWQ00000000|FCOP00000000|POVL00000000|CPO17184 | ACJ05687.1 |
| blaMIR-2 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 5 | TICARCILLIN, AMOXICILLIN +10 | Enterobacter roggenkampii +1 | Costa Rica | 2025 | SAMN43046597|SAMN43046598 | AAO42602.1 |
| blaMIR-3 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 4 | TICARCILLIN, AMOXICILLIN +10 | Enterobacter cloacae | - | - | AY743435 | AAU95779.1 |
| blaMIR-33 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PP740505.1 | XAJ73571.1 |
| blaMIR-34 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PP740506.1 | XAJ73572.1 |
| blaMIR-15 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter kobei | - | - | KM087851.1 | AIT76104.1 |
| blaMIR-20 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 3 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter asburiae | - | - | KX192156.1 | ANE37560.1 |
| blaMIR-21 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 3 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter asburiae | - | - | KX192157.1 | ANE37561.1 |
| blaMIR-22 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 3 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter cloacae | - | - | MG028659.1 | ATJ25949.1 |
| blaMIR-24 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | OP297847.1 | UVW30759.1 |
| blaMIR-25 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | OP346114.1 | UXG78561.1 |
| blaMIR-26 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | OR880572.1 | WPO27055.1 |
| blaMIR-27 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | DAPAES010000003.1 | HDT5730486.1 |
| blaMIR-28 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | JAKMJR010000004.1 | MCK7256087.1 |
| blaMIR-29 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii TUM15672 | - | - | BGOC01000002.1 | - |
| blaMIR-35 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PP740507.1 | XAJ73573.1 |
| blaMIR-7 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 3 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter cloacae | - | - | KJ207200.1 | AHL39317.1 |
| blaMIR-16 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter asburiae | - | - | KM087861.1 | AIT76114.1 |
| blaMIR-36 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PV075152.1 | XOU30616.1 |
| blaMIR-37 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PV075153.1 | XOU30617.1 |
| blaMIR-38 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PV075154.1 | XOU30618.1 |
| blaMIR-39 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PV075155.1 | XOU30619.1 |
| blaMIR-10 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter asburiae | - | - | KM087858.1 | AIT76111.1 |
| blaMIR-11 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter cloacae | - | - | KM087859.1 | AIT76112.1 |
| blaMIR-12 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter cloacae | - | - | KM087863.1 | AIT76116.1 |
| blaMIR-13 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter asburiae | - | - | KM087862.1 | AIT76115.1 |
| blaMIR-30 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | CP058253.1 | QLC81076.1 |
| blaMIR-31 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PP740503.1 | XAJ73569.1 |
| blaMIR-32 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Enterobacter roggenkampii | - | - | PP740504.1 | XAJ73570.1 |
Promoter Sequences Necessary for High-Level Expression of the Plasmid-Associated ampC β-Lactamase Gene blaMIR-1.
The study identifies blaMIR-1 as a plasmid-associated ampC beta-lactamase gene that confers resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics through high-level expression driven by a hybrid promoter (prB).
Multiplex Asymmetric PCR-Based Oligonucleotide Microarray for Detection of Drug Resistance Genes Containing Single Mutations in Enterobacteriaceae
The study developed a multiplex asymmetric PCR-based microarray for detecting drug resistance genes containing single mutations in Enterobacteriaceae, focusing on beta-lactamase genes such as bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-9, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla MOX-1, bla ACC-1, bla FOX-5, and bla MIR-1. It also identified six point mutations in the bla SHV gene.
Characterization of a novel AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Escherichia coli strain isolated in China.
Characterization of a novel AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Escherichia coli strain isolated in China.
Characterization of a novel AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Escherichia coli strain isolated in China.
Characterization of a novel AmpC-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase from an Escherichia coli strain isolated in China.
Characterization and sequence analysis of extended-spectrum-{beta}-lactamase-encoding genes from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis isolates collected during tigecycline phase 3 clinical trials.
The study identified various extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-5, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-22, bla CTX-M-28, bla SHV-5, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla OXA-5, bla PER-1, bla ACT-1, bla MIR-1, bla CMY-2, bla FOX-1, bla DHA-1, and bla KPC-2, in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis isolates.
Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (MIR-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (MIR-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (MIR-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (MIR-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Avibactam and class C β-lactamases: mechanism of inhibition, conservation of the binding pocket, and implications for resistance.
Avibactam and class C β-lactamases: mechanism of inhibition, conservation of the binding pocket, and implications for resistance.
An ancient family of mobile genomic islands introducing cephalosporinase and carbapenemase genes in Enterobacteriaceae.
The study identifies a novel beta-lactamase gene, bla MIR-17, which confers carbapenem resistance in Enterobacter cloacae. This gene is part of an ancient mobile genomic island (MIR17-GI) that also contains other resistance genes and is associated with a P4-like prophage.
Antimicrobial Resistance in ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolates from Companion Animals
The study identifies several novel beta-lactamase genes, including bla_SFO, bla_Cph, bla_VIM, bla_Act, bla_MIR, bla_MOX, and bla_PAO, along with commonly encountered genes like bla_CTX-M-15, bla_TEM-1B, and bla_OXA-1, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from companion animals.
Detection of Plasmid-Mediated β-Lactamase Genes and Emergence of a Novel AmpC (CMH-1) in Enterobacter cloacae at a Medical Center in Southern Taiwan.
The study identified two novel plasmid-mediated β-lactamase genes, bla CMH-1 and bla MIR-6, in Enterobacter cloacae isolates from southern Taiwan, which confer resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone.
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals in Greece.
The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from animals in Greece, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla TEM, aadA1, aadA2, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, dfrA19, mph, mrx, intI1, tnpISE cp1, qnrS, and qnrB.
Meropenem Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Definitive Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Caused by AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp, or Serratia marcescens: A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (MERINO-2).
The study identified several AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CMY-2, bla CMY-101, bla CMY-51, bla ACT-17, bla ACT-12, bla ACT-15, bla ACT-16, bla ACT-2, bla ACT-27, bla ACT-38, bla ACT-40, bla ACT-43, bla ACT-49, bla ACT-55, bla CMH-3, bla CMH-1, bla DHA-17, bla DHA-20, bla DHA-12, bla DHA-16, bla DHA-18, bla MIR-18, bla MIR-19, and bla MIR-9, which confer resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam in various Enterobacterales species.
Meropenem Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Definitive Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Caused by AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp, or Serratia marcescens: A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (MERINO-2).
The study identified several AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CMY-2, bla CMY-101, bla CMY-51, bla ACT-17, bla ACT-12, bla ACT-15, bla ACT-16, bla ACT-2, bla ACT-27, bla ACT-38, bla ACT-40, bla ACT-43, bla ACT-49, bla ACT-55, bla CMH-3, bla CMH-1, bla DHA-17, bla DHA-20, bla DHA-12, bla DHA-16, bla DHA-18, bla MIR-18, bla MIR-19, and bla MIR-9, which confer resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam in various Enterobacterales species.
Meropenem Versus Piperacillin-Tazobactam for Definitive Treatment of Bloodstream Infections Caused by AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Providencia spp, or Serratia marcescens: A Pilot Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (MERINO-2).
The study identified several AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CMY-2, bla CMY-101, bla CMY-51, bla ACT-17, bla ACT-12, bla ACT-15, bla ACT-16, bla ACT-2, bla ACT-27, bla ACT-38, bla ACT-40, bla ACT-43, bla ACT-49, bla ACT-55, bla CMH-3, bla CMH-1, bla DHA-17, bla DHA-20, bla DHA-12, bla DHA-16, bla DHA-18, bla MIR-18, bla MIR-19, and bla MIR-9, which confer resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam in various Enterobacterales species.
Detection of β-Lactamase Resistance and Biofilm Genes in Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Chickens.
The study identified the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY, blaMIR, DHA, and FOX) in Pseudomonas isolates from chickens, highlighting their role in beta-lactam resistance.
Shotgun Metagenomics-Guided Prediction Reveals the Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance of Microbes in Poly-Extreme Environments in the Danakil Depression, Afar Region.
The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the metagenomes of Lake Afdera and the Assale salt plain in the Danakil Depression. Key ARGs included beta-lactamases (ACC-1, OXA-58, OXA-363, OXA-212, NDM-17, OXA-134, ACT-29, LRA-19), efflux pumps (emrB, abeM, abeS, mgrA, adeJ, MexC, adeL, adeH), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet39, tetX, tetK), and others. MRGs included copper resistance genes (copC, copD), cadmium resistance gene (cadD), mercury resistance gene (merA), chromate resistance genes (chrB, chrA), nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance genes (nccA, nccB), cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance gene (czcD), arsenic resistance gene (arsO), lead resistance gene (pbrA), and mercury resistance genes (merB, merR, MIR).
Whole genome sequence-based molecular characterization of blood isolates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex from ICU patients in Kolkata, India, during 2017-2022: emergence of phylogenetically heterogeneous Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis.
The study identified several carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla NDM-4, bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-232, bla KPC-3, bla CTX-M-15, bla SFO-1, bla ACT, and bla CMH-3, in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from Kolkata, India. Novel integrons (In180, In4874, In4887, and In4888) were also discovered.
Relative inhibitory activities of newly developed diazabicyclooctanes, boronic acid derivatives, and penicillin-based sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitors against broad-spectrum AmpC beta-lactamases.
The study evaluates the inhibitory activities of various beta-lactamase inhibitors against a wide range of AmpC beta-lactamases, identifying the effectiveness of certain inhibitors like durlobactam and zidebactam in reducing the MIC values of β-lactam antibiotics against AmpC-producing strains.
Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolates from Imported Healthy Reptiles.
The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.
Genomic analysis of Enterobacter cloacae complex from Southern Thailand reveals insights into multidrug resistance genotypes and genetic diversity.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from Southern Thailand, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, the mcr-9 gene was found to confer colistin resistance.
First identification and whole-genome characterization of human-associated Enterobacter roggenkampii and Enterobacter sichuanensis carrying bla(IMI-4) carbapenemase in Costa Rica.
The study identifies the first occurrence of bla(IMI-4) carbapenemase in Costa Rica, carried by Enterobacter roggenkampii and Enterobacter sichuanensis. The gene is located within a chromosomal EcloIMEX-2-like element, highlighting its potential for interspecies mobility.
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