Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
transcriptional activator of efflux pump genes
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rob | Reslit | 7 | Nalidixic acid, Tetracycline +11 | Escherichia coli +2 | India | 2001, 2007, 2009, 2018, 2020, 2024 | PRJNA415734 | - |
| blaROB-1 |
Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit |
| 33 |
| Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid +11 |
| Escherichia coli +11 |
| Spain, Canada, Canada|UK|Italy, United Kingdom|Brazil, Poland|eastern Poland, Karnataka, Southern India, United States, Australia, Europe, Europe|Asia, China, Taiwan, Poland, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt|Egypt, China|Spain |
| 1990, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 |
| DQ840517|DQ845801|DQ845802|DQ845803|DQ845805|DQ845806|DQ845807|DQ845808 |
| AAB72007.1 |
| blaROB-7 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | uncultured bacterium | - | 2015 | KJ910995.1 | AIW80572.1 |
| blaROB-8 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | uncultured bacterium | - | 2015 | KJ910996.1 | AIW80573.1 |
| blaROB-6 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | uncultured bacterium | - | 2015 | KJ910989.1 | AIW80558.1 |
| blaROB-2 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Mannheimia haemolytica | - | 2019 | MH316128.1 | AWU47610.1 |
| blaRob– 3 | Reslit | 1 | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin | Haemophilus parasuis | China | 2020 | CP054198|MN844034 | - |
| blaROB–1 | Reslit | 2 | Amoxicillin | Pasteurellaceae +1 | Europe|Asia, South China | 2021, 2024 | CP018034.1 | - |
| bla_Rob-1 | Reslit | 1 | Amoxicillin | Escherichia coli | Henan|Hubei|Hunan|Anhui|Jiangxi|Shaanxi|Shanxi | 2022 | CP071487|CP071490|CP071491|CP071489|CP071492|CP023057|CP069308|CP054198|KC405065|DQ840517|KX966395|KR262062|CP024412|CP001321|CP041334 | - |
| bla_Rob-3 | Reslit | 1 | Amoxicillin | Escherichia coli | Henan|Hubei|Hunan|Anhui|Jiangxi|Shaanxi|Shanxi | 2022 | CP071487|CP071490|CP071491|CP071489|CP071492|CP023057|CP069308|CP054198|KC405065|DQ840517|KX966395|KR262062|CP024412|CP001321|CP041334 | - |
| blaROB - 1 | Reslit | 1 | Ampicillin, Amoxicillin | Histophilus somni | Japan | 2022 | - | - |
| ROB | Reslit | 1 | - | Escherichia coli +1 | - | 2024 | - | - |
| blaROB-13 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 3 | Ampicillin, CEPHALOSPORIN | Pasteurella multocida +1 | Australia | 2024 | JARXZF000000000.1|JARXZE000000000.1|CP123618.1 | AGH37381.1 |
| blaROB-4 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Moraxella porci DSM 25326 | - | - | MUYV01000026.1 | OOS22656.1 |
| blaROB-5 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Moraxella sp. RCAD0137 | - | - | LTCC01000022.1 | PNP96721.1 |
| blaROB-10 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Glaesserella parasuis | - | - | WIGU01000059.1 | MWQ02887.1 |
| blaROB-11 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Pasteurella multocida | - | - | MW735840.1 | QSX93372.1 |
| blaROB-12 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Pasteurella multocida | - | - | MW735842.1 | QSX93374.1 |
| blaROB-3 | Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | 2 | CEPHALOSPORIN | Moraxella pluranimalium | - | - | MUYU01000013.1 | OOS23853.1 |
In vivo titration of mitomycin C action by four Escherichia coli genomic regions on multicopy plasmids.
The study identifies four E. coli genes (mdfA, gyrI, rob, and sdiA) that confer resistance to mitomycin C when expressed in multicopy plasmids. These genes were validated through plasmid-based overexpression and zone of inhibition assays.
Haemophilus influenzae blaROB-1 Mutations in Hypermutagenic ΔampC Escherichia coli Conferring Resistance to Cefotaxime and beta-lactamase Inhibitors and Increased Susceptibility to Cefaclor.
The study identifies mutations in the blaROB-1 gene that confer resistance to cefotaxime and amoxicillin-clavulanate, but reduce cefaclor hydrolysis. Specific mutations include Ser130Gly, Arg164Trp, Leu169Ser, Ala237Thr, and Arg244Cys.
Antibiotic stress, genetic response and altered permeability of E. coli.
The study identifies several genes involved in the physiological adaptation of E. coli to tetracycline, including marA, soxS, rob, micF, and acrAB, which contribute to the development of multidrug resistance through the upregulation of efflux pumps and downregulation of porins.
Beta-lactam Resistance in Haemophilus parasuis Is Mediated by Plasmid pB1000 Bearing blaROB-1.
The study identifies blaROB-1 as the gene responsible for beta-lactam resistance in Haemophilus parasuis, which is encoded on plasmid pB1000.
Beta-lactam resistance in Haemophilus parasuis Is mediated by plasmid pB1000 bearing blaROB-1., Sequence analysis and evolutionary perspectives of ROB-1 beta-lactamase.
Genetic architecture of intrinsic antibiotic susceptibility.
The study identifies multiple genes and mutations that contribute to antibiotic tolerance in E. coli, revealing a large mutational target size for increasing drug resistance. Key findings include the role of genes involved in electron transport, flagella synthesis, and efflux pumps in modulating susceptibility to various antibiotics.
Multiresistance in Pasteurella multocida is mediated by coexistence of small plasmids.
The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla ROB-1, tet(B), tet(H), tet(O), strA, and sul2, which are responsible for multidrug resistance in Pasteurella multocida. These genes are located on small plasmids and contribute to resistance against beta-lactams, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.
Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates with plasmid pB1000 bearing blaROB-1: fitness cost and interspecies dissemination.
The study identifies blaROB-1 as a beta-lactamase gene in Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates, which confers resistance to ampicillin and cefaclor. The plasmid pB1000 carrying blaROB-1 was found to be stably maintained and transferable between H. influenzae and P. multocida.
Sequence analysis and evolutionary perspectives of ROB-1 beta-lactamase.
Sequence analysis and evolutionary perspectives of ROB-1 beta-lactamase.
Susceptibility to tulathromycin in Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from feedlot cattle over a 3-year period.
The study found that tulathromycin resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica from feedlot cattle in western Canada was very low, with only five isolates showing resistance. These isolates were also resistant to other antibiotics such as neomycin, oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and ampicillin/penicillin. The resistance mechanisms involved the genes bla ROB-1, aphA-1, and tet(H).
Identification of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes from within an infant gut functional metagenomic library.
The study identified various aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the infant gut microbiome, highlighting the presence of a diverse resistance reservoir even in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure.
Novel blaROB-1-Bearing Plasmid Conferring Resistance to β-Lactams in Haemophilus parasuis Isolates from Healthy Weaning Pigs.
The study identifies a novel plasmid pJMA-1 carrying the blaROB-1 gene, which confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from healthy pigs.
Small-plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is enhanced by increases in plasmid copy number and bacterial fitness.
The study identified the bla ROB-1 gene carried on the small plasmid pB1000, which confers resistance to ampicillin in Haemophilus influenzae. The research shows that increases in plasmid copy number and bacterial fitness enhance ampicillin resistance.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians.
The microbiome of uncontacted Amerindians.
A Naturally Occurring Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Multicopy Plasmid Produces a Reversible Increase in Antibiotic Resistance.
A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ColE1-type plasmid pB1000 increases plasmid copy number and ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae. The resistance can be reversed by plasmid loss.
Coupling next-generation sequencing to dominant positive screens for finding antibiotic cellular targets and resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli.
The study identifies several genes whose overexpression leads to increased resistance to various antibiotics in E. coli, including ftsI, ampC, nlpE, marC, rob, soxS, sdiA, folA, and yebV.
WGS analysis of a penicillin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis strain containing a chromosomal ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene.
The study identifies the chromosomal bla ROB-1 gene as the cause of penicillin resistance in a Neisseria meningitidis isolate, which was acquired from Haemophilus influenzae.
Evidence of Illegitimate Recombination Between Two Pasteurellaceae Plasmids Resulting in a Novel Multi-Resistance Replicon, pM3362MDR, in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
The study identifies a novel multi-resistance plasmid, pM3362MDR, in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which carries the tetracycline resistance gene tet(B), as well as blaROB-1, sul2, and strA. The plasmid arose through illegitimate recombination between pTetHS016 and pOV.
Plasmid-located extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaROB-2 in Mannheimia haemolytica.
Plasmid-located extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaROB-2 in Mannheimia haemolytica.
Prevalence of Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics and bla Genes Among Commensal Haemophilus parainfluenzae Isolates from Respiratory Microbiota in Poland.
The study identified several beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM-1, bla OXA, bla DHA, and bla SHV) in Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates, along with the Lys-526 substitution in the ftsI gene, which contributes to beta-lactam resistance.
Transcriptional response of mar, sox and rob regulon against concentration gradient carbapenem stress within Escherichia coli isolated from hospital acquired infection.
Overexpression of marA and rob in E. coli isolates correlates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems, suggesting their role in efflux-mediated resistance.
A whole-genome screen identifies Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi genes involved in fluoroquinolone susceptibility.
The study identified several genes involved in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, including efflux pumps (acrA, acrB, tolC), regulatory genes (marA, phoP), and DNA repair genes (uvrD, xseA).
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Integrative Conjugative Element ICEHpa1 in Haemophilus parasuis.
The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element, ICE Hpa1, carrying seven distinct resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis, highlighting its role in multidrug resistance.
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from ovine respiratory infection: A study from Karnataka, Southern India.
The study identified antibiotic resistance genes such as strA (32.7%) and sul2 (32.7%) associated with streptomycin and sulfonamide resistance, respectively, in M. haemolytica and P. multocida isolates.
Acquisition of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among an Expanding Clade of beta-lactamase-Positive, Serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis in the United States.
The study identifies the acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance in a clade of beta-lactamase-positive, serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis in the United States, highlighting the emergence of dual-resistant strains carrying bla ROB-1 and gyrA mutations.
First Emergence of Resistance to Macrolides and Tetracycline Identified in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Beef Feedlots in Australia.
The study identified the first emergence of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian beef feedlots. The resistance mechanisms included the genes msr(E), mph(E), tet(H)-tet(R), and bla ROB-1.
Wrist abscess due to drug-resistant Pasteurella multocida.
The study reports the first documented case of a human Pasteurella multocida infection with resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, highlighting the potential emergence of drug-resistant Pasteurella spp. and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance patterns.
Epidemiology and population structure of Haemophilus influenzae causing invasive disease.
The study identified blaTEM-1 and blaROB-1 beta-lactamase genes in Haemophilus influenzae isolates, which conferred resistance to ampicillin, and blaROB-1 also conferred resistance to cefuroxime and cefepime. Additionally, amino acid substitutions in PBP3 and mutations in GyrA and ParC were associated with beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance, respectively.
Mobile Genetic Elements Drive Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Spread in Pasteurellaceae Species.
The study identifies 33 distinct AMR genes associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Pasteurellaceae species, highlighting the role of MGEs in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Mobile Genetic Elements Drive Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Spread in Pasteurellaceae Species.
The study identifies 33 distinct AMR genes associated with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Pasteurellaceae species, highlighting the role of MGEs in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Characterization of the Resistome and Microbiota in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Children receiving 5 days of beta-lactam therapy for CAP had a significantly lower abundance of antibiotic resistance determinants than those receiving standard 10-day treatment.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Survey of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in the United States in 2016.
The study identified bla TEM-1 and bla ROB-1 beta-lactamase genes as major contributors to ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae, along with ftsI mutations leading to β-lactam resistance.
Evaluating the potential of third generation metagenomic sequencing for the detection of BRD pathogens and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in chronically ill feedlot cattle.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in metagenomic sequencing data from chronically ill feedlot cattle, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim. Notably, tetH was the most frequently detected resistance gene, and several ARGs were found to be associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).
Genomic insight into the integrative conjugative elements from ICEHpa1 family.
The study identifies four novel ICEHpa1 variants (ICE Gpa1818, ICE Gpa1808, ICE Gpa1807, and ICE Gpa1815) carrying diverse resistance genes, including tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, florfenicol, and amoxicillin resistance genes.
Genomic insight into the integrative conjugative elements from ICEHpa1 family.
The study identifies four novel ICEHpa1 variants (ICE Gpa1818, ICE Gpa1808, ICE Gpa1807, and ICE Gpa1815) carrying diverse resistance genes, including tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, florfenicol, and amoxicillin resistance genes.
Antimicrobial resistance and associated genetic background of Histophilus somni isolated from clinically affected and healthy cattle.
The study identified several AMR genes in Histophilus somni isolates, including bla ROB - 1, aphA-1, strA, strB, tetH, and tetR, which are associated with resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline. These genes were found in isolates from respiratory diseases and were linked to increased MICs.
Commensal bacteria contribute to the growth of multidrug-resistant Avibacterium paragallinarum in chickens.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Avibacterium paragallinarum, including tetB, bla CTX-M-14, bla OXA-1, bla ROB-1, mef(B), ant, aac, and aph, which confer resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, tylosin, and gentamicin.
Insertion Sequences Determine Plasmid Adaptation to New Bacterial Hosts.
The study identifies bla ROB-1 as a beta-lactam resistance gene in pB1000 and characterizes mutations and IS insertions that enhance plasmid stability and ampicillin resistance in E. coli.
Characterization of Serotypes and Molecular Drug Resistance Patterns of Haemophilus influenzae in Kunming Children.
The study identified beta-lactamase genes TEM-1 and ROB-1, and mutations in the ftsI gene (PBP3-BLN and PBP3-s) as major contributors to ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae isolates from Kunming children.
Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae with high-level resistance to cefuroxime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae, including blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, tet(B), mef(A), and various mutations in genes such as ftsI, lpoA, mrdA, mepA, pbpG, gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, and folA, which are associated with resistance to cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Isolation and characterization of multidrug resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens.
The study identified 25 different antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens, including tetB, blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, floR, sul2, sul3, dfrK, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3)-la, aph(3)-lb, aph(6)-ld, sat2, dfrA14, dfrA32, merC, merP, merR, merT, qacL, and cmlA1.
Genomic classification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenza isolates associated with paediatric otitis media and upper respiratory infection.
The study identified beta-lactamase genes blaTEM-1 and blaROB-1 in Haemophilus influenzae isolates, which were validated through WGS-based prediction and clinical testing.
Pathognomonic features of Pasteurella multocida isolates among various avian species in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
The study identified several AMR genes in Pasteurella multocida isolates, including ermX (erythromycin resistance), blaROB-1 (beta-lactam resistance), mcr-1 (colistin resistance), sul1 (sulfonamide resistance), dfrA1 (trimethoprim resistance), and tetH (tetracycline resistance).
Adaptive evolution of Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 exposed to carvacrol lacks a uniform pattern.
The study identified several mutations in Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 that contribute to increased resistance and tolerance to carvacrol, including mutations in rrsH, lon, sseG, flhA, fliH, wbaV, rob, nirC, and yfhP. Some of these mutations also conferred cross-resistance to various antibiotics.
Metagenomics reveals the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome and microbiome in goat kids.
The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rumen of goat kids, highlighting the dynamic nature of the resistome influenced by age and diet. Key ARGs included RPOB, GYRA, GYRBA, ROB, MDTF, ACRF, ACRB, MGTA, MLS23S, TUFAB, TET44, TET32, APH2-DPRIME, SAT, BRO, TETQ, ERMF, NIMJ, ACI, MEFA, RRSC, RRSH, CAP16S, TETX, LNUC, TETW, TETO, and TET40, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as drugs, MLS, tetracyclines, and others.
Genomic epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from Argentinian pig and dairy farms reveals animal-specific patterns of co-resistance and resistance mechanisms.
The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla ROB, floR, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-2, bla TEM-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IIa, bla OXA-1, and ydhC, in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from Argentinian pig and dairy farms. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complex resistance mechanisms in these isolates.
Identification and evolution of ICE-PmuST394: a novel integrative conjugative element in Pasteurella multocida ST394.
The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element, ICE-PmuST394, in Pasteurella multocida ST394, which contains two allelic variants of the beta-lactamase gene bla ROB (bla ROB-1 and bla ROB-13) and the macrolide esterase gene estT. These genes confer resistance to ampicillin, tilmicosin, and tylosin.
Identification and evolution of ICE-PmuST394: a novel integrative conjugative element in Pasteurella multocida ST394.
The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element, ICE-PmuST394, in Pasteurella multocida ST394, which contains two allelic variants of the beta-lactamase gene bla ROB (bla ROB-1 and bla ROB-13) and the macrolide esterase gene estT. These genes confer resistance to ampicillin, tilmicosin, and tylosin.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistome of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Taiwan: a next-generation sequencing analysis.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Taiwan, including aminoglycoside, tetracycline, beta-lactam, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.
Detection of antimicrobial resistance in Glaesserella parasuis in South China using whole-genome sequencing.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Glaesserella parasuis isolates from South China, including bla ROB–1, catA3, floR, erm(T), tet(B), and tet(H) for resistance to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline, as well as mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE for enrofloxacin resistance.
Molecular and Drug Resistance Characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae Carried by Pediatric Patients with Adenoid Hypertrophy.
The study identified bla TEM-1 and bla ROB-1 beta-lactamase genes and mutations in the ftsI gene (encoding PBP3) as key contributors to beta-lactam resistance in H. influenzae strains isolated from pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy.
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