The study describes the development of genetic tools for select-agent-compliant manipulation of Burkholderia pseudomallei, including the isolation of a temperature-sensitive pRO1600 replicon and the creation of Flp and Cre recombinase systems for site-specific excision of antibiotic resistance markers. It also reports the successful generation of an unmarked Δ(amrRAB-oprA) efflux pump mutant and the use of mini-Tn7 for site-specific chromosomal integration.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaZ, kmA, tetK, and ble, which are laterally transferred from non-Staphylococcus species and contribute to antibiotic resistance in S. aureus.

The study identified an unauthorized genetically modified Bacillus velezensis strain in a commercialized food enzyme product, which carries the aadD and ble genes conferring resistance to kanamycin, neomycin, and bleomycin.

The study identified 13 resistance genes, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aphA6, aac(3)-IId, aac(2')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr5), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3, catA3), rifampicin resistance (arr3), bleomycin resistance (ble), and tetracycline resistance (tet(B)) in NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii strains.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain CC15031, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identified various AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from wild birds and cattle in Nigeria, including bla CTX-M1/15, bla CTX-M9, strB, sul2, tetA, and others. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the potential for inter-species transmission of AMR bacteria.

The study reports the identification of a novel cfr-carrying Tn558 transposon derivative in Staphylococcus delphini isolated from retail food, highlighting the presence of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including cfr, fexA, aacA-aphD, aadD, and ble.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in old Enterococcus faecalis isolates, including tet(L), cat, erm(B), aac(6')-aph(2''), aadD, drfC, and ble, demonstrating the early emergence of antimicrobial resistance traits in this species.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Kuwait, including beta-lactamases (blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaTEM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aadA5), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance genes (gyrA_D87N, qnrB1), and others. Colistin resistance was linked to the pmrB_R256G mutation.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa isolates from Kenya, including carbapenemases (blaNDM-1, blaVIM-6), fluoroquinolone resistance genes (qnrVC1, crpP), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ib, ant(3'')-Ia), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetG), phenicol resistance genes (floR, cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrB), glycopeptide resistance gene (ble), and macrolide resistance gene (EreA). Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies and characterizes various AMR genes, including cat, aadD, ble, ermB, and bla, in genetically modified microbes (GMMs) using shotgun metagenomics. These genes were detected through metagenomics sequencing and qPCR, confirming their presence in the GMM strains.

The study identifies the co-production of chromosomal NDM-1 and OXA-820 carbapenemases in a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii strain, along with other resistance genes such as blaADC-43, ble-MBL, sul2, msr(E), mph(E), and ant(2'')-Ia. A point mutation (S81L) in the gyrA gene was also found, contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from the United States, including ble, tetO, ermB, lsaE, lnuB, ant(9)-Ia, and ant(6)-Ia, which confer resistance to glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, pleuromutilins, and aminoglycosides respectively.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Aeromonas species isolated from various hosts in India, including beta-lactamases (bla OXA-12, bla OXA-427, bla OXA-724, bla OXA-780, bla FOX-2, bla FOX-4, bla FOX-5, bla FOX-7, bla AQU-2, bla MOX-7), metallo-beta-lactamases (cphA3, cphA4, cphA5, cphA8, ImiH), and other resistance genes (dfrA12, aadA2, ANT(3")-IIa, sul1). Additionally, multidrug efflux pump genes (mdtH, zntA, emrD, blR, crp) were found to contribute to AMR in these isolates.

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study characterized multidrug-resistant NDM-1 and KPC-3 co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, identifying several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified 31 AMR genes in 97 Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry, including aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-VIa, aac(6′)-Ib4, ant(2′′)-Ia, grdA, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA7, aadA13, aph(3′)-Ib, aph(6)-Ic, aph(6)-Id, aph(4)-Ia, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaHER-3, blaTEM-1, floR, tetA, tetB, tetC, dfrA12, sul1, sul2, fosA7, qnrB19, ble, and mcr-9.

The study identified several carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR Ab) isolates from high-touch surfaces in Fijian hospitals, revealing the presence of resistance genes such as bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, and others, along with mutations in genes like parC and gyrA, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in wastewater isolates from Pakistan, highlighting the presence of carbapenemases like blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-1, as well as quinolone resistance determinants such as gyrA and parC mutations. These findings emphasize the role of wastewater as a reservoir for clinically relevant AMR genes.

The study identifies the downregulation of several AMR genes, including blaZ, mecR1, kdpB, ble, pbp, and ermA, in PPEF-evolved MRSA-PR strains, leading to increased susceptibility to antibiotics such as oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and imipenem.

The study reports the first documented isolation of a carbapenem-resistant Salmonella Mbandaka strain, highlighting the role of IS26 in the mobilization of blaNDM-1 and chromosomal structural variation.

The study describes the use of the bleomycin resistance gene (ble) as a selectable marker for Toxoplasma gondii, enabling the rescue of a ROP1 knock-out mutant. The ble gene was successfully integrated into the Toxoplasma genome, restoring ROP1 expression and the normal ultrastructure of rhoptries.