The study characterizes the blaIMP gene, which encodes the IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, and identifies several other resistance genes including aacA4, catB6, and qacG, all of which were experimentally validated for their roles in antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (catB) in Sphingomonas koreensis isolates, indicating intrinsic resistance to chloramphenicol. The isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and fluoroquinolones, highlighting the challenges in treating these infections.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from a children's hospital in Mexico City, highlighting the presence of genes such as blaZ, mecA, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and rpoB contributing to resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pregnant women in low-income countries, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of environmental factors in their carriage.

The study identified various AMR genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in the Basque Country, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing strains.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio isolates from the Norwegian marine environment, including beta-lactamases (blaCARB, blaampC, varG), tetracycline resistance genes (tet34, tet35), a multidrug efflux pump (adeF), a quinolone resistance gene (qnr), and a chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB-related).

The study identifies several AMR genes in the environmental strain Acinetobacter baumannii NCIMB8209, including blaOXA-78, blaADC-154, carO, oprD/occAB1, ant(3")-II, and catB, which confer resistance to carbapenems, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain CC15031, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and others.

P. mendocina Ps799 exhibited a catB11 chloramphenicol resistance gene with a nucleotide deletion leading to a truncated protein, while no acquired resistance genes were found in Ps542.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a hospital in Vietnam. Key AMR genes include blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, and mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance. Colistin resistance was due to disruption of the mgrB gene by an IS L3-like element.

The study characterizes a Type B chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CatB) from Elizabethkingia anophelis NUHP1, demonstrating its structural and functional similarities to clinically validated Type B CATs, suggesting its role in chloramphenicol resistance.

The study identifies a novel plasmid-encoded VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, ZDHY95, with a complex genetic arrangement including a novel class I integron In1998 and various resistance genes such as blaVIM-2, aacA3, aadA13, cmlA8, blaOXA-246, arr3, dfrA27, qacEΔ1, sul1, aacA4'-30, aacA4', qnrVC1, catB11, blaCARB-4.

The study identified several potential abortigenic pathogens in equine abortion cases, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. It also detected antibiotic resistance genes such as strB, blaOXA-278, blaOXA-549, catB11, mcr9.1, and blaOXA-12.

The study identifies the integrative and conjugative element ICE Csp POL2 in the multi-antibiotic-resistant strain Chryseobacterium sp. POL2, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes including those conferring resistance to carbapenems, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides. The element was found to transfer horizontally to Elizabethkingia species, contributing to the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the pandrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain DJ, including carbapenemases (bla NDM-5, bla OXA-181, bla CTX-M-15), aminoglycoside resistance genes (rmtB, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib, aadA2, strAB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA12), polymyxin resistance gene (mgrB), tetracycline resistance gene (ramR), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA2, catB), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA), and macrolide resistance genes (mphA, ermB). Mutations in gyrA, parC, ompK35, ompK36, and ramR contribute to resistance to fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics.

The study identified GES-5-producing ST235 and VIM-2-producing ST233 sub-lineages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Saudi Arabia, highlighting their global dissemination and the presence of various resistance genes including blaGES-5, blaVIM-2, and others.

The study identified the catB gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase as responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain EXR1. The synthesized chloramphenicol-borate derivative showed improved antibacterial activity against resistant strains by preventing acetylation by CAT.

The study identified OXA-232-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains that exhibited multidrug resistance, including resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. The strains were part of a clonal spread within the ICU, showing genetic similarities and carrying resistance genes such as blaOXA-232, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-106, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in a multidrug-resistant Chryseobacterium indologenes strain, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

Phage-plasmids (P-Ps) carry a variety of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and carbapenemases. These genes are often located in integrons and are associated with transposable elements. P-Ps can be induced by mitomycin C and can transfer resistance genes through lysogenic conversion.

The study characterizes an OXA-232-producing ST15 CRKP strain with a multidrug-resistant profile, harboring chromosomal bla CTX-M-15 and plasmid-mediated bla OXA-232, along with other resistance genes such as strAB, rmtF, sul2, dfrA14, qnrB1, arr-2, and catB. Mutations in gyrA (S83F) and parC (S80I) contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate L1a harboring an infrequent red fluorescence plasmid. The isolate shows resistance to several antibiotics including levofloxacin, cefepime, aztreonam, and imipenem, and carries multiple drug resistance genes and efflux pump-related genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from equine and other veterinary samples, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Additionally, genes conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds were detected.

The paper discusses the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bivalve molluscs, highlighting the spread of resistance to various antibiotics such as colistin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. It emphasizes the role of bivalve aquacultures in the dissemination of ARGs and the potential risks to human health through the food chain.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in novel environmental strains of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, including fosA, bla OKP, oqxB, oqxA, bla SHV−1, bla OXA−1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, catB, and aph(3”)-Ia, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as fosfomycin, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST3495 isolated from a wild Burmese python with suppurative pneumonia and bacteremia, highlighting its resistance genes catB, blaTEM, ant(3'')-I, and tetA, along with virulence factors.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-42, bla NDM-5, aadA, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-232, bla NDM-1, rmtB, rmtC, bla VEB, bla VIM-2, aph(3'), strA/B, bla OXA-23, aph (3′), catB, dfrB, bla VIM-2, fosA, oqxA, oqxB, bla OXA-23, bla CARB, bla OXA-91, bla OXA-51, bla PAO, bla SHV, aph (3′)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, mphE, msrE, ermB, mphA, aadA, rmtB, qnrB, dfrA, sul1, sul2, and fosA7.

The study identifies numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are transferred between plasmids, particularly beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla NDM-4, bla KPC-2, bla SHV-1), aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC1, and colistin resistance gene mcr-1. These genes are shown to transfer between compatible plasmids in clinical pathogens, accelerating the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified 10 antibiotic resistance genes in Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae strain FS91703, including genes conferring resistance to folate pathway inhibitors, penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, phenicols, tetracyclines, and erythromycin. Additionally, two multidrug-resistant efflux pump genes, adeG and farA, were detected.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S3, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance gene fosA, aminoglycoside resistance gene aph, chloramphenicol resistance gene catB, and multiple efflux pump genes such as mexAB-oprM, mexCD-oprJ, mexEF-oprN, mexXY, mexVW-oprM, mexJK-oprM, mexHI-opmD, mexPQ-opmE, acrAB-tolC, oqxAB, and mcr. Additionally, hemolysin genes like plcH, choE, and papA were also identified.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Chryseobacteria, including aadS, blaCGA, blaCGB, blaIND, catB11, ranA, ranB, rosA, and tetX, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. These genes are potentially intrinsic and show high transmissibility among Chryseobacteria and other Bacteroidota species.

The study identified multiple carbapenem resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla PDC-36/12, and bla POM-1, in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a pediatric hospital in the Gaza Strip. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The study demonstrates that the identity of the first cassette in an integron array significantly influences the expression of downstream cassettes, thereby affecting the resistance phenotype. Specifically, aacA54, aacA61, and aacA8 were shown to reduce resistance to β-lactams and aminoglycosides, while blaVIM-1 and catB3 conferred resistance to carbapenems and chloramphenicol, respectively.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the MDR P. aeruginosa strain U804, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, which contribute to its resistance against various antibiotics.

This review highlights the pathogenesis, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes of Riemerella anatipestifer, emphasizing its significance in poultry farming and the need for further research on its resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes, including mcr-9 (colistin resistance), blaOXA-like and blaPAO-like (beta-lactam resistance), catB (chloramphenicol resistance), sul (sulfonamide resistance), tet(A) (tetracycline resistance), mdf(A)_1 (macrolide resistance), and formA (formaldehyde resistance) in various ESKAPE-E pathogens isolated from smallholder farms in South Africa.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from intensive pig farming in South Africa, highlighting the spread of resistance across the pork production continuum.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from livestock and their environment in Thailand, including aadA1, aadA2, aadB, aac(6')-Ia, blaTEM, tetA, tetB, catA, catB, cmlA, sulI, and dfrA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.

Bacteriovorax sp. As-1 exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, primarily due to mutations in the gyrA gene, specifically S90Y and G94R, which are associated with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban sewage samples from India, highlighting the presence of genes such as blaTEM, catB, aac(6')-Ib, sul1, ermB, dfrA1, mphA, sul2, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, and qnrS, which confer resistance to various antibiotic classes.