The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including aadB, catB3, aadA1, and oxa1, carried by IncFI plasmids in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, highlighting the role of integrons in expanding drug resistance.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla SHV-12 as the predominant ESBL genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Antananarivo, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, tetA, sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrB, and catB-3.

The study reports the identification of blaNDM-5 along with multiple other antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate, highlighting the complex resistance profile of the strain.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various resistance gene cassettes within class 1 and 2 integrons in Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including aadB, aadA2, dhfrA1, dhfrA11, aacA4, blaoxa2, sat2, catB3, and cmlA6, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, beta-lactams, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several AMR genes including blaGES-1, blaKPC-2, blaSPM-1, aac(6')-Ib, ant(2')-Ia, aph(3')-VIa, rmtD, catB3, arr-4, qacED1, sul1, and intI1, as well as mutations in the oprD gene contributing to carbapenem resistance in multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from Recife, Brazil.

The study identifies the blaIMP-4 gene in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats, which confers resistance to carbapenems. The gene is part of a multidrug-resistant IncHI2 plasmid carrying various resistance genes.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii isolate carrying the qnrD1 gene, along with various other antibiotic resistance genes such as aadA1y, aph(3')-Ic, strA-strB, blaOXA-1, catA2, catB3, sul2, dfrA1, tetY, and sat2.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies multiple carbapenemase genes (bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla KPC-4, and bla NDM-1) and other resistance genes (such as qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrS1, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-9, bla SHV-12, aadA2, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ic, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA18, mph(A), catB3, arr-3, and tet(D)) in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp. These genes are primarily located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae panel strains, including beta-lactamases (bla SHV-11, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M15, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-187, bla SHV-158, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB66, qnrB4, oqxA, oqxB), tetracycline resistance (tet(A)), trimethoprim resistance (dfrA14), sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), and porin genes (OmpK35, OmpK36).

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from North Carolina community hospitals, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies bla CTX-M-15-positive E. coli isolates from food products in Germany, primarily associated with IncF-type plasmids and belonging to two predominant clonal lineages, ST167 and ST410. These isolates carry various resistance genes including aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA5, bla OXA-1, catB3, mph(A), sul1, tet(B), and dfrA17.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from Ghana, including blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-52B, blaCTX-M-15, tet(A), dfrA15, sul1, sul2, catA1, strA, strB, aadA1, catB3, qnrB1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and blaOXA-1. These genes were found on various plasmids, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in the studied isolates.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in an XDR-KP strain, including blaKPC-3, blaOXA-9, blaTEM-1A, and various resistance mechanisms involving efflux pumps, porin deficiencies, and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations.

The study identifies five resistance plasmids in a clinical Citrobacter freundii isolate, each carrying multiple AMR genes, including bla NDM-1, bla IMP-4, qnrS1, bla KPC-2, catB3, and mph (A), contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified two clones of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ST37 and ST3006, in a neonatal intensive care unit. ST37 harbored multiple resistance genes, including OXA-33, TEM-1, SHV-11, and others, while ST3006 carried fewer resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including aac(6')-Ib, blaOXA-30, catB3, arr-3, qacE, sul1, intI1, armA, msrE, mphE, and blaCTX-M-3, in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strains in China, highlighting the role of class I integrons in the dissemination of resistance.

The study developed and validated 85 PCR assays to detect 79 AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance across 10 antimicrobial classes, focusing on E. coli. The assays showed high concordance with sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing, demonstrating their potential for AMR surveillance in E. coli isolates and direct stool specimens.

The study identified multiple carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp) strains carrying various resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance. Plasmid analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes on different plasmids, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study identifies a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolate producing New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-5 (blaNDM-5) in companion animals in the United States, along with several other resistance genes including tet(A), aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA5, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, catB3, dfrA17, dfrA12, sul1, and mph(A).

The study characterizes two carbapenemase-producing E. coli strains carrying blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181, along with various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-lb-cr, catB3, sul1, dfrA17, qacEΔ1, aadA5, rmtB, ermB, mphA, tetB, catA1, dfrA14, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, and blaCMY-42.

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas caviae SCAc2001, including blaKPC, mcr-3.3, and others, highlighting the potential public health risks posed by this strain.

The study characterizes multidrug-resistant plasmids pA1705-qnrS, p911021-tetA, and p1642-tetA from Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying several AMR genes including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-65), quinolone resistance gene qnrS1, tetracycline resistance genes tetA (A) and tetA (D), aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA4cr and aacC2, streptomycin resistance genes strA and strB, dihydrofolate reductase genes dfrA1 and dfrA14, sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, macrolide resistance gene mph (A), efflux pump gene oqxAB, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene catB3, and tunicamycin resistance gene tmrB.

The study identifies IMP-38-producing high-risk ST307 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a neonatal unit in China, highlighting the acquisition of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaIMP-38, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-2A, blaSHV-28, blaTEM-1, aacA4, catB3, oqxA, oqxB, and fosA6.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the presence of resistance determinants such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps.

The study identifies and characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations associated with the high-risk Klebsiella pneumoniae clones ST307 and ST147, highlighting their global spread and the diversity of resistance mechanisms they employ.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in a KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae isolate, including blaKPC-3, aac(3)-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-214, mphA, qacH, catB3, arr-3, sul1, and dfrA14, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified 13 resistance genes, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aphA6, aac(3)-IId, aac(2')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr5), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3, catA3), rifampicin resistance (arr3), bleomycin resistance (ble), and tetracycline resistance (tet(B)) in NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii strains.

The study identified several AMR genes in two hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from renal transplant recipients, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, indicating resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified diverse gene cassette arrays in commensal E. coli from intensive farming swine in four Chinese provinces, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance mediated by class 1 integrons and specific gene cassettes.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-1 gene carried on an IncI1/ST3 plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolates from humans and wild animals in Guadeloupe, highlighting the dissemination of this resistance determinant in the environment.

The study reports the emergence of the mcr-9.1 gene in a colistin-resistant Enterobacter kobei strain isolated from a critically endangered franciscana dolphin in Brazil, along with various other AMR genes.

The study characterizes two clinical Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates co-producing VIM and MCR enzymes, identifying specific AMR genes and their resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST188 and various Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with distinct resistance mechanisms, highlighting the role of colonization in causing infections in ICU patients.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from Kenya, including blaTEM-1, aadA1, strA, strB, catA1, dhfr1, sul1, and sul2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides.

The paper discusses the major determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE pathogens, focusing on genes such as vanA, poxtA, blaZ, mecA, blaKPC-2, blaKPC-3, armA, aacA4, aadA1, acrAB, blaCTX-M, blaGES, blaPER, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaVEB, aac(3')-Ia, ant(2’)-Ia, tetA, tetB, gyrA, parC, pmrC, pmrA, and pmrB, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 clone, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-106, blaTEM-150, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA10, oqxB17, fosA, catB3, dfrA14, tet(D), and mutations in mgrB, ompK35, gyrA, and parC.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including OXA-1, NDM-7, dfrA14, and catB3, which were associated with spatial distribution patterns in the hospital ward. These genes were linked to patient conditions such as tuberculosis and were influenced by factors like hospital length of stay and antibiotic use.

The study identifies a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate carrying the plasmid-mediated AmpC gene blaDHA-1, along with other resistance genes such as blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, sul1, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB4, arr-3, tet(A), catB3, mph(A), fosA, IncFIB(K), and IncR.

The study identifies epidemic HI2 plasmids harboring the carbapenemase gene bla(IMP-4) in multiple sublineages of Escherichia coli ST216 isolated from Australian silver gulls, highlighting the role of these plasmids in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies epidemic HI2 plasmids harboring the carbapenemase gene bla(IMP-4) in multiple sublineages of Escherichia coli ST216 isolated from Australian silver gulls, highlighting the role of these plasmids in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaTEM, floR, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, catB3, sat1, and blaPse1, in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diarrhoeic calves in Egypt. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and others.

The paper discusses the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species, including strB, sul2, tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, ermB, floR, aac(3)-IIa, blaNDM-1, blaCMY, blaP1, catB3, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies 20 top-ranked genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance in E. coli, including genes involved in cell wall metabolism, energy metabolism, and iron metabolism, using a combination of machine learning and genome-scale metabolic models.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene and various other resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from animal organs with lesions, highlighting their multidrug resistance profiles and the genetic features of plasmids carrying these genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in K. pneumoniae strains, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M), fosfomycin resistance (fosA), quinolone resistance (oqxA, qnrB), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3), aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aadA1, strB), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), trimethoprim resistance (dfrA), and tetracycline resistance (tet(A)).

The study identifies three novel variants of PmGRI1 and a hybrid structure combining Tn7-like transposon and PmGRI1 in Proteus mirabilis, highlighting their role in carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes, including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla VIM-1, bla NDM-5, bla OXA-162, and bla KPC-3, in Citrobacter spp. isolates, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains from Uganda and Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains.

The study identified various AMR genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from humans and animals on St. Kitts, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla TEM-206, bla OXA-1, and others, highlighting host-specific differences in resistance profiles.

The study characterizes the first recognized outbreak of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae in Portugal, highlighting the introduction of a new ST11 KL105 strain carrying blaNDM-1 in a unique genetic context. Several antibiotic resistance genes, including blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, were identified, along with chromosomal mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin.

The study characterizes a conjugative multidrug resistance IncP-2 megaplasmid, pPAG5, from a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, identifying multiple AMR genes and resistance regions.

The study identified 88 acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 166 Morganella isolates, with a focus on tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and beta-lactam resistance genes. Key ARGs included blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, aacA4, aadA5, dfrA17, catB3, arr-3, blaOXA-1, aacA4cr, mph(A), rmtB, sul2, floR, qnrS1, tetA, and ermB.

The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-350, blaOXA-1, and blaCTX-M-15, as well as various aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from hospital and urban wastewater. Mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in river biofilms upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), including qnrA, qnrS, mfsA, ermC, ermX, macB, mefA_10, cat, catB3, aadB, aph(3')-III, AAC(3)-Ib, bacA_1, blaPer-1, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaDHA, cblA, ermC, ermY, ermX, mdtL, cusF, copD, qacA, mecA, dfrF, arnA, sul1, sulA, vat(A), IS6100, ISS1N, Intl1, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, mefA_10, tolC, mdfF, acrA, dfrA27, aac(6')-IIa, vanA, intl3, and TTV. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, polymyxins, sulfonamides, and others. The study also found that the resistome composition varied between upstream and downstream sites, indicating the impact of WWTP effluents on the distribution of ARGs in river biofilms.

The study identifies bla NDM-5 producing Escherichia coli in Tanzania, highlighting the presence of carbapenem resistance and other resistance genes on various plasmids.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST16 isolates, including bla NDM-4, bla OXA-181, and a frameshift mutation in acrR, contributing to carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance.

This study characterizes four groups of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements (AGEs) in Providencia, highlighting the diversity and complexity of multidrug resistance (MDR) regions within these elements. It identifies numerous drug resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, contributing to the understanding of AMR mechanisms in Providencia.

The study characterized qnrB-carrying plasmids from ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing E. coli, identifying qnrB1, qnrB2, and qnrB19 as major quinolone resistance determinants. These plasmids were found to be self-transmissible and associated with various resistance genes.

The study identified bla KPC-3, bla GES-5, and bla VIM genes in various Enterobacterales isolates from urban ponds, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-181, blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1, mcr-8, armA, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-ib, aph(6)-id, dfrA, sul2, qnrB, tetA, and catII, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-30, and bla SHV-12, along with a variety of other AMR genes such as aadA5, aph(3''-Ib), aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, qnrB1, tet(A), mph(A), qacE∆, and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Enterobacterales isolated from hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing E. coli ST162 strain isolated from a pygmy sperm whale, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1C, blaOXA-1, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified 91 antimicrobial resistance genes in 30 Proteus mirabilis isolates from pig farms in Zhejiang, China, including genes encoding resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in a multidrug-resistant Chryseobacterium indologenes strain, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The review discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, including resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, ermB, tet(O), vanA, vanB, and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, as well as mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and 23S rRNA associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified ten antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli Rize-53 isolate, including blaOXA-1, blaOXA-2, aac(6')-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tetB, catB3, qacE, sitABCD, mdfA, and sul2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Indiana isolates, including bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-28, bla CTX-M-79, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and mcr-1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates, including blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-3, blaOXA-232, catB3, aac(6')-Ib-cr, dfrA14, IntI1, IS1, RepE, qnrB4, qnrB55, qnrS1, aph(3")-Ib, sul2, aadA2, SHV-190, SHV-26, SHV-11, tet(A), fosA, OqxA, and OqxB, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, quinolones, sulfonamides, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies the catB3 gene, which confers chloramphenicol resistance, in a novel plasmid pAsa-2939 found in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain SHY15-2939. The plasmid exhibits instability in its original host but remains stable in Aeromonas hydrophila.

The study identifies various tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetE, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetW, tetX), sulfonamide resistance gene (sulI), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(2')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, aph(6')-Id, aph(33')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaGES, blaVEB), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB3), MLS resistance genes (ereA, ermB), and multidrug resistance genes (acrB, mexB, mexF) in municipal sewage treatment plants, highlighting their association with mobile genetic elements and microbial communities.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas caviae isolates from extra-intestinal infections, including blaMOX, blaPER-3, blaOXA, blaNDM, blaCphA, qnrS2, qnrVC, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(E), tet(31), dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA15b, floR, catB3, catII, and catI, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli, S. equisimilis, and S. simulans, including sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA14, tet(A), mdf(A), blaEC-5, blaTEM-1, blaTEM-1B, blaEC, catB3, aadA5, aph(6)-ld, lsaC, and blaZ, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from China, highlighting the increasing prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Key genes include blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-14, aac(3)-IV, and mcr-1.

The study identified blaIMP-45 as a major determinant of meropenem resistance in P. aeruginosa, and mutations in oprD, mexR, nalD, and armR were associated with meropenem resistance.

Urinary E. coli plasmids reduce permissivity to coliphage infection. Specific plasmid-encoded genes such as bla TEM-1B, aadA5, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, tet(B), sul2, dfrA17, mph(A), qacE, catB3, traT, and senB contribute to antibiotic resistance and phage resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes strain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and others. The strain was found to be susceptible to carbapenems and polymyxins.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from Australian urine samples, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-28, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA1, dfrB4, tetA, tetB, mphA, cmlA1, cmlA5, catB3, sat2, qnrD1, fosA7, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aph(3')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, ant(3'')-IIa, intI1, and intI2. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptothricin, quinolones, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study characterizes bla NDM-1-harboring plasmids in clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates from Argentina, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, bla PER-2, qnr D1, sul1, sul2, arr3, catB3, floR, mph(E), msr(E), and tet(A).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Klebsiella isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1, bla SHV, and bla OXA-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams. Other genes like aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB1, qnrB6, catA1, catA2, catB3, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, mph(A), tet(A), tet(D), fosA, ARR-3, and oqxAB were also found, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, tetracycline, fosfomycin, rifampicin, and quinolones respectively. Mutations in ompK36, ompK37, and acrR were associated with resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, while mutations in RamR were linked to tigecycline resistance.

The study identified a multidrug-resistant ST131 E. coli strain (A23EC) isolated from spinach, which carries various AMR genes including bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, aac(6')-lb-cr, aac(3)-IIe, tetA, and mdfA. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83I) and parC (S80I) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study reports a case of domestically acquired NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a transplant patient in southern California, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaNDM-1, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-488, blaPDC-35, blaPME-1, aac(6')-Ib9, ant(3”)-IIa, aph(3′)-IIb, aph(3′)-VIa, catB3, catB7, cmlA9, fosA, tet(D), and sul1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources in Tamaulipas, Mexico. These genes include beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3-IIa), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2, sul3), phenicol resistance gene (catB3), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quaternary ammonium resistance genes (qacE, qacL), macrolide resistance genes (mdfA, mphA), and quinolone resistance gene (qnrB).

The study identifies 25 critical mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including genes such as sul1, qacEΔ1, aac(6′)-Ib, bla VIM-1, and others, which are associated with various antibiotic classes and are linked to mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

The study identified a pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (Kp196) with a complex resistome comprising numerous acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including multiple beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance proteins, and mutations in genes involved in colistin, tigecycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Isangi isolates, including ESBL genes like bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-22, bla CTX-M-3, and others, as well as plasmid-mediated AmpC genes like bla DHA-1 and bla NDM-1. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was observed, highlighting the need for continued monitoring of AMR in this serovar.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, and others, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and quinolones. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in gyrA and parC were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes carried on IncF plasmids in MDR ExPEC strains, including bla TEM-1, aac(3)-IId, tet(A), aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ib, mphA, sul1, sul2, aadA5, dfrA17, strAB, qacEdelta1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, catB3, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-27, and aac(6')-Ib-cr5. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies tet(X4) and tmexCD1-toprJ1 as key genes contributing to tigecycline resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital sewage, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated resistance and efflux pump overexpression.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli ST1193 strains causing early-onset sepsis in neonates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, mph(A), aac(6')-Ib-cr, dfrA17, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aph(3”)-Ib, sul2, catB3, sitABCD, tet(B), and blaTEM-1B, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified two NDM-5-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 isolates from a single patient, highlighting the presence of multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-15, and rmtB, along with other resistance determinants.

The study identifies 54 AMR genes and three AMR gene cassettes in the plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolate S1467, contributing to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies the blaNDM-1 gene and various other resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 strains, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence.

The study characterized multidrug-resistant NDM-1 and KPC-3 co-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, identifying several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including blaTEM, blaCTX, dfrA1, dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA1-catB2-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5, aadA1, aadA5, catB2, catB3, and mutations in gyrA, parC, gyrB, and parE associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified 35 AMR genes and 30 chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella strains from Bangkok canal water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to various antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-11, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-9, bla OXA-48, bla TEM-1D, bla CTX-M-15, and bla NDM-1, as well as sul1 and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a patient with a complex infection history.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 isolates, including bla NDM-5, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-232, bla OXA-48, aadA1, aph(3')-VI, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B/C, bla OXA-9, truncated catA1, qnrS1, sul1, dfrA5, mph(A), erm(B), aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib3, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, rmtB, fosA, oqxAB, bla SHV-11/67, arr-3, and catB3.

The study identifies an extensively drug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei ST90 clone carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla GES-2, bla TEM-1A, bla OXA-1, bla NDM-1, and bla ACT-15, along with genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, quinolones, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, and other antibiotics.

The study identifies mcr-8 and mcr-9 genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates from Thailand, highlighting their role in colistin resistance. It also characterizes additional AMR genes such as bla NDM-1, bla IMP-14, and various other resistance determinants.

The study identified ESBL-E in 3% of horses admitted to an equine hospital, with specific beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA) and other resistance genes (aac(6')-lb-cr, catB3) contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies catA1, catA2, catB3, catB4, cmlA1, and floR as functional chloramphenicol resistance genes, while catB4 is a non-functional variant due to IS 26-mediated truncation. IS 5 insertion into the catA1 promoter and IS 26-mediated deletion of catB3 lead to reduced or absent chloramphenicol resistance.

The study demonstrates that the identity of the first cassette in an integron array significantly influences the expression of downstream cassettes, thereby affecting the resistance phenotype. Specifically, aacA54, aacA61, and aacA8 were shown to reduce resistance to β-lactams and aminoglycosides, while blaVIM-1 and catB3 conferred resistance to carbapenems and chloramphenicol, respectively.

The study characterizes various resistance genes carried by incompatible plasmids in Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting their role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. Key genes include beta-lactamases like bla VIM-1, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, and bla CTX-M-15, as well as sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, tetracycline resistance gene tetA, and polymyxin resistance gene mcr-1.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae isolates from Armenia, highlighting the presence of XDR and MDR strains with resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

The study identified a single multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae isolate from soil samples carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1, bla SHV-28, bla OXA-1, qnr B1, oqx A, oqx B19, aac (6′)-Ibcr, sul 2, dfr A14, tet A, aph (6)-Id, aph (3″)-Ib, acr D, cat B3, and Int I1.

The study identifies the IncC plasmid as a major driver of co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and azithromycin in Salmonella Thompson isolates in China, with specific resistance genes including qnrS1, qepA4, blaCMY-2, and mph(A).

The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella clinical isolates, including tet(B), sul1, catA2, sul2, floR, aadA1, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing Salmonella strains from swines and broilers in China, including blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-65, aac(6')-Iaa, floR, sul2, tet(B), arr-2, fosA3, dfrA12, mph(A), lnu(F), blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, sul1, tet(A), catB3, qnrS1, and mcr-1.1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, rifampicin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim, macrolides, lincomycin, quinolones, and colistin.

The study identifies a carbapenemase-producing E. coli strain BO1 carrying bla NDM-5, along with other resistance genes, highlighting the clonal spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae between humans and the environment in Iowa.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla PER-3, and bla OXA-1, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr6, aph(3″)-Ib, and floR, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics in Aeromonas isolates.

The study identifies six pVir-CRKP isolates from the United States, highlighting their multidrug resistance and enhanced virulence traits. These isolates exhibit resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides, due to the presence of specific AMR genes and mutations.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-3, and others conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies the emergence of NDM-7 in polyclonal carbapenemase-producing E. coli in Northern Italy, highlighting the presence of various carbapenemase genes such as bla KPC-3, bla VIM-1, and bla NDM-7, along with other resistance genes.

The study identified E. coli strains co-harboring blaOXA-1, catB3, and arr-3 genes from a dairy farm environment in China, demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotics including beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and rifampicin.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Stanley ST29, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from diarrheagenic children in Nairobi, Kenya, highlighting the presence of blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, qnrB4, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and other resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-27, and blaCMY-59, in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Algeria. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and infection control measures.

The study reports the isolation of a Pseudomonas guariconensis clinical isolate producing OXA-204 carbapenemase, highlighting the spread of OXA-48-like genes beyond Enterobacterales. The isolate exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics due to the presence of various resistance genes, including blaOXA-204, blaCMY-16, blaDHA-1, and others.

The study introduces the EZMTT method for enhanced detection of drug-resistant subpopulations in Gram-negative bacteria, showing superior sensitivity compared to conventional methods like BMD and VITEK. It identifies specific resistance genes such as bla in clinical isolates.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST70 isolate from a Magellanic Penguin, highlighting the potential of migratory penguins as vectors of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms.

The study identifies various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary, including beta-lactamases like bla VIM-2-like, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-66, aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aacA4, aadA2, and aphA, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

The study characterizes the plasmid diversity in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 isolates co-producing KPC and NDM carbapenemases, identifying multiple resistance genes and plasmid types involved in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from Shandong Province and adjacent regions in China, highlighting the high prevalence of multidrug resistance and the presence of specific resistance mechanisms such as beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla NDM−1, bla VIM−1, bla OXA−48, and bla KPC−2, in cefiderocol-resistant isolates from German hospital wastewater, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with diverse resistance mechanisms.

Three Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs and humans in Egypt were characterized. The isolates showed resistance to various antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, macrolides, streptothricin, and trimethoprim. None of the isolates carried the mecA gene, which is associated with methicillin resistance.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in waterfowl-derived Salmonella isolates, including aac(6')-Iaa, bla_OXA-1, bla_CTX-M-65, catB3, sul2, fosA3, lnu(F), dfrA17, and cfr. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the multidrug resistance profile of the isolates.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including blaOXA-1, sul1, aadA5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, catB3, and dfrA17, in the conjugative plasmid pNS30-1 of E. coli NS30. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance and are part of a Tn402-type class 1 integron. The plasmid is capable of horizontal transfer, highlighting its role in the dissemination of AMR.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Chinese S. Montevideo isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM−1B, bla OXA−1, bla LAP−2, bla CTX−M−55, bla CTX−M−65, bla DHA−1), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS2, qnrS1, qnrA1, qnrB6, qnrB4, qepA1), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, mphE, msrE, mphB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA12, dfrA27, sul3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (floR, catA2, catB3).

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in an E. coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131 strain causing infective endocarditis, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IIa, tet(A), and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies three class 1 integrons (In-t1, In-t2, and In-t3) carrying various antibiotic resistance gene cassettes in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of multidrug resistance.