The study characterizes the integrons In4 and In2 found in transposons Tn1696 and Tn21, identifying specific genes such as aadA2, aacC1, and cmlA1 that confer resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii DMS06669 strain, including eight novel genes not previously reported in A. baumannii. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and rifampicins.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study characterized NDM-encoding plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Czech hospitals, identifying blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, and blaNDM-5 genes as the primary resistance determinants.

The study identified several AMR genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from different geographic locations, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fosfomycin resistance, chloramphenicol resistance, sulfonamide resistance, quaternary ammonium compound resistance, tetracycline resistance, and others. Indian eye isolates exhibited a higher diversity of resistance genes compared to Australian isolates.

The study identified multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M-15, several bla SHV, bla TEM-63, and bla OXA-10, along with other AMR genes across diverse lineages of K. pneumoniae isolates from Malawi. No carbapenem resistance genes were detected, but plasmids similar to carbapenem resistance-associated plasmid pNDM-mar were found.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in the multi-drug resistant ocular isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA34, including AAC(3)-IId, cmlA1, dfrA15, APH(3")-Ib, APH(6)-Id, bla NPS-1, acrB, and mepA. These genes contribute to resistance against aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, beta-lactams, and hydrophilic compounds.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identifies the chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant E. coli ST695 strain, along with various other resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, rmtB, cmlA1, floR, tet(A), tet(M), dfrA12, oqxA, oqxB, qnrS1, mph(A), bla TEM-105, and bla TEM-1B, contributing to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain carrying both mcr-1 and bla NDM-1, highlighting the co-existence of colistin and carbapenem resistance genes in Vietnam.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study reports the first detection of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Escherichia coli variant isolated from a human in China, with multidrug resistance properties, including colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene, along with other resistance genes such as aadA1, aadA2, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, oqxA, oqxB, floR, cmlA1, sul3, and tet(A).

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in E. coli strains isolated from polluted rivers and wild birds. It also characterizes several other AMR genes including aadA1, aadA2, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), tet(D), tet(A), bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–1, qnrS2, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, floR, vgaC, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, and glpT (E448K).

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from meat in South Africa, including aadA, strA, aph(3)-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IIa, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, cat1, cat2, cmlA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study describes the first complete sequence of a multiple drug-resistant IncHI2 ST4 plasmid, pTZ41_1P, from a commensal E. coli in Australia. The plasmid carries genes conferring resistance to heavy metals, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study shows that removing the AbaR resistance island from Acinetobacter baumannii restores antibiotic susceptibility and increases natural transformability. Several AMR genes within AbaR were identified, including aadB, aacC1, aphA1b, aacA, aadA1, strA, strB, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, sul1, dhfrI, dhfrX, tetA(A), tetA(G), cmlA1, cmlA5, cmlA9, catA1, arr-2, and sup.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1, in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from pigs with postweaning diarrhea in China.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mutations in Escherichia coli isolates from various sources in Italy, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamide, penicillin, fluoroquinolone, and colistin. Key genes included tetA, sul2, blaTEM-1b, mcr-1, qnrS1, and others, along with mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and pmrB.

Two Colombian clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates co-harboring NDM-1, VIM-2, and other β-lactamases were characterized. The isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from Nigerian poultry, including aac(6')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, aadA7, aph(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6')-Id, aph(6')-Ic, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-IIa, aac(3)-Id, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(M), qnrS1, qnrB19, blaTEM, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, catA1, cmlA1, and floR. Mutations in gyrA (Ser83Phe, Asp87Tyr) and parC (Thr57Ser, Ser80Ile) were also associated with resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study reports the emergence of a high-level carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli strain N7 producing NDM-5, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes.

Six unique resistance plasmids were identified that can transfer to Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, and E. coli, carrying 3-6 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to 2-4 antibiotic classes.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli strains from wildlife, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, tet(A), tet(B), and several resistance gene cassettes in integrons. These genes were found to confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the presence of AMR in wildlife E. coli populations.

The study identifies various AMR genes in the IncC plasmid pUO-STmRV1, including blaTEM-1, cmlA1, aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), dfrA12, arsR2, arsH, merRTPCADE, and silESRCBAP, which confer resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals.

The study identifies various AMR genes in the highly clonal multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34, including beta-lactamases, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, and polymyxin resistance genes.

The study shows that the mcr-1 gene, responsible for colistin resistance, can be deleted from the MDR plasmid pMCR_W5-6, leading to the restoration of colistin susceptibility in E. coli.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene and various other resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from animal organs with lesions, highlighting their multidrug resistance profiles and the genetic features of plasmids carrying these genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella serovars Derby and Rissen from Vietnam, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains along the pig value chain.

The study identified 17 unique AMR genes in 53% of the 81 S. enterica isolates, including genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, quinolone, aminoglycoside, phenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several ESBL genes, colistin resistance genes, and other AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from pigs and pig farm workers in Vietnam. Key findings include the prevalence of bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27, along with mcr-1 and mcr-3 for colistin resistance, and various other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study reports the first bovine ST361 NDM-5 positive Escherichia coli in Greece, highlighting the importation of multidrug-resistant strains and the need for continued surveillance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from humans and animals on St. Kitts, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla TEM-206, bla OXA-1, and others, highlighting host-specific differences in resistance profiles.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC and EPEC isolates from imported foods in China, including blaTEM-1B, tetA, tetB, catA1, cmlA1, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IV, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul3, dfrA12, and qnrS1, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates, including aadA2, AAC(3)-IV, AAC(6')-Iy, APH(4)-Ia, cmlA1, dfrA12, floR, sul1, sul2, sul3, TEM-1, and tet(A). These genes were located on both the chromosome and plasmids, highlighting the importance of plasmid-mediated AMR gene transmission.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Spain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and colistin.

The study identified various AMR genes, including aadA1, aadA2, blaCFE-1, cmlA1, dfrA12, mdf(A), sul3, tet(34), and lnu(A), in pig fecal microbiomes. Notably, the lnu(A) gene was exclusively found in conventional farms and associated with Lactobacillus species.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from surface water in north-western Mexico, including international high-risk lineages ST410 and ST617. These isolates carried various AMR genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, cmlA1, lnu(F), mdf(A), sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA12, and dfrA17. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (S458A) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from a low antimicrobial usage pig farm, highlighting the persistence of multidrug-resistant strains despite minimal selective pressure.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild meso-mammals and environmental sources, including blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCMY-2, qnrS1, and floR. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

The study identified several AMR genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from pork retail outlets and slaughterhouses in Vietnam, including blaTEM-1, blaTEM-150, blaLAP-2, blaCTX-M-55, dfrA12, dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, tetA, tetB, tetM, mcr-1, mcr-3, qnrS1, mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aac(6')-laa, aac(6')-ly, sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3")-lb, and aph6-ld. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, penicillins, first-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, colistin, macrolides, gentamicin, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identifies a novel transposon Tn7376 and a genomic island MMGI-4 in a multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii isolate, carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including dfrA24, mph(A), aadA1, sul1, floR, catA2, cmlA1, aph(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(B), arr-3, blaTEM-1B, blaDHA-17, blaCARB-2, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-3, and fosA3.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla OXA-58, bla NDM-1, ble MBL, sul2, aacC2d, msr(E)-mph(E), and tet(B), in GR13-type plasmids from Acinetobacter isolates, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

This study identified various AMR genes including blaOXA-23, blaNDM-1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA, mph, msr, cmlA1, ARR-2, sul1, sul2, tet(B), and blaPER-7 in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from India. These genes were found to be associated with resistance islands and mobile genetic elements, contributing to the spread of multidrug resistance.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on beta-lactam, glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, MLS-B, aminoglycoside, and other resistance mechanisms. Key genes identified include blaZ, mecA, mecC, vanA, cfr, ermA, ermC, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-IIIa, and aadD. Mutations in pbp2 and pbp2a were also found to contribute to resistance.

The study identified multiple ESBL-encoding genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, and bla SHV-12, as well as carbapenemase gene bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy cattle farms. These genes were associated with resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as aadA2, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, dfrA12, sul3, cmlA1, and others were identified, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies and characterizes the mosaic, multidrug-resistant, and mobilizable IncR plasmid pST1023, which carries several AMR genes including cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, sul3, tetA(B), dfrA12, and a sil operon conferring resistance to various antibiotics and silver.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Aeromonas species isolated from various hosts in India, including beta-lactamases (bla OXA-12, bla OXA-427, bla OXA-724, bla OXA-780, bla FOX-2, bla FOX-4, bla FOX-5, bla FOX-7, bla AQU-2, bla MOX-7), metallo-beta-lactamases (cphA3, cphA4, cphA5, cphA8, ImiH), and other resistance genes (dfrA12, aadA2, ANT(3")-IIa, sul1). Additionally, multidrug efflux pump genes (mdtH, zntA, emrD, blR, crp) were found to contribute to AMR in these isolates.

The study presents a Cross-Validated Feature Selection (CVFS) approach for identifying the most parsimonious gene sets for predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from bacterial pan-genomes. The CVFS approach was able to extract both known and novel AMR genes, demonstrating its effectiveness in selecting relevant features for AMR prediction.

The paper discusses the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bivalve molluscs, highlighting the spread of resistance to various antibiotics such as colistin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. It emphasizes the role of bivalve aquacultures in the dissemination of ARGs and the potential risks to human health through the food chain.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-214, mcr -9, and others, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antimicrobial agents.

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-5 as the main carbapenem resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) isolates. Additionally, various other resistance genes were detected, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-3, OXA-1, OXA-10, TEM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Iva, aac(6′)-Ib-AKT, aac(6′)-Ib-D181Y, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2), tetracycline resistance genes (oqxA10, oqxB17), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, cmlA5).

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from China, highlighting the increasing prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Key genes include blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-14, aac(3)-IV, and mcr-1.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-14, qnrS1, mcr-1.1, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the transfer of resistance genes between species.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of travelers returning to the UK, highlighting the association with colonization by pathogenic E. coli. Key findings include the prevalence of genes conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-1, bla GES-5, bla OXA-244, qnrS1, qnrB4, aac(3)-IId, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, catA1, cmlA1, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospital and environmental sources.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from Australian urine samples, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-28, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA1, dfrB4, tetA, tetB, mphA, cmlA1, cmlA5, catB3, sat2, qnrD1, fosA7, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aph(3')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, ant(3'')-IIa, intI1, and intI2. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptothricin, quinolones, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multidrug-resistant, hydrogen sulfide-producing variants of Escherichia coli from Bangladesh, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as bla TEM1B, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-123, aadA1, aadA2, aph (3')-Ia, aph (3'')-Ib, aph (6)-Id, tet(A), tet(M), sul3, sul2, dfrA12, mph(A), floR, cmlA1, qacL, and qnrS1.

The study identified 25 different antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens, including tetB, blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, floR, sul2, sul3, dfrK, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3)-la, aph(3)-lb, aph(6)-ld, sat2, dfrA14, dfrA32, merC, merP, merR, merT, qacL, and cmlA1.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) co-localized on plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from marine bivalves, highlighting the potential for co-selection of these genes in the marine environment.

The study identifies novel antibiotic resistance genes, including blaVEB-1, tetA(E), and mcr-3.15, in clinical isolates of Aeromonas, highlighting the presence of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements and new resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies 25 critical mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including genes such as sul1, qacEΔ1, aac(6′)-Ib, bla VIM-1, and others, which are associated with various antibiotic classes and are linked to mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Isangi isolates, including ESBL genes like bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-22, bla CTX-M-3, and others, as well as plasmid-mediated AmpC genes like bla DHA-1 and bla NDM-1. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was observed, highlighting the need for continued monitoring of AMR in this serovar.

The study identifies tet(X4) and tmexCD1-toprJ1 as key genes contributing to tigecycline resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital sewage, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated resistance and efflux pump overexpression.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla SHV12, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-106, and bla TEM-126, which confer resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), aadA5, aadA2b, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA12, mph(A), cmlA1, catA2, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, and lnu(F) were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from clams in the Central Adriatic.

The study identified three bla CTX-M variants (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, and bla CTX-M-65) and a broad resistome in ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from non-human primates in the Peruvian Amazon.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of plasmids in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study characterizes the diversity of T4SS-encoding plasmids in Acinetobacter, identifying various antibiotic resistance genes such as blaOXA-23, blaOXA-82, blaGES-11, aph(3')-VIa, aadA2, sul1, dfrA7, cmlA1, and qacEΔ1, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study identified 35 AMR genes and 30 chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella strains from Bangkok canal water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to various antimicrobial classes.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla OXA-1, and carbapenem resistance genes like bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, and bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates from Bangladesh.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from poultry in Bangladesh, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, colistin, and others. High levels of multidrug resistance were observed, with specific genes like mcr1.1, bla CTX-M-65, and tet(A) playing significant roles.

The study identifies distinct antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles in bovine and swine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates, highlighting differences in the prevalence of specific AMR genes and plasmid replicons between the two host species.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from irrigation water and fresh produce in South Africa, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, aph(6)-Id, ant(3″)-Ia, aadA2, aph(3″)-Ib, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, fosA3, cmlA1, and floR.

The study identifies the NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST357 as an extensively drug-resistant strain with a unique resistome, highlighting the importance of tracking the origin of such isolates through genomic epidemiology.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from a neonatal ICU in Egypt, highlighting the presence of various beta-lactamase genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and sulfonamide resistance genes.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in uropathogenic E. coli isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and marR were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations in PmrB, CyaA, GlpT, PtsI, and UhpT were linked to fosfomycin resistance.

The study identifies catA1, catA2, catB3, catB4, cmlA1, and floR as functional chloramphenicol resistance genes, while catB4 is a non-functional variant due to IS 26-mediated truncation. IS 5 insertion into the catA1 promoter and IS 26-mediated deletion of catB3 lead to reduced or absent chloramphenicol resistance.

The study identified eight resistance genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolates from small ruminants in western China, including ant(2")-Ia, ant(3")-Ia, cmlA1, cmx, erm(X), lnu(A), sul1, and tet(W). These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identifies the tet(M)-carrying transposon Tn7124 and plasmids pTA2 and pTA7 in E. coli isolates from swine, highlighting the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes such as tet(M), tet(A), floR, aadA1, cmlA1, aadA2, sul3, qnrS1, bleO, and oqxAB.

The study identifies the first plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Panama in Australia, highlighting the emergence of multidrug resistance in this invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella serovar.

The study identified mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi B strains.

The study identifies the colistin resistance gene mcr-8.1 in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 isolates from Armenia, highlighting the emergence of this gene in the region.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from Spain, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and aminoglycoside resistance genes. Chromosomal mutations in the gyrA gene were also found to contribute to quinolone resistance.

The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex isolates, including bla KPC−2, bla CTX−M, bla SHV, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, oqxAB, qnrB19, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(D), sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA1, floR, fosA, and fosA3. These genes confer resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in these isolates.

The study identifies an Escherichia albertii strain (6S-65-1) carrying the mcr-1 gene, which confers resistance to polymyxins. Additional resistance genes such as aph(3')-Ia, aadA1, aadA2b, cmlA1, sul3, tet(A), and bleO were also found, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from intensive pig farming in South Africa, highlighting the spread of resistance across the pork production continuum.

The study characterizes the XDR plasmid p1AB5075, which harbors multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaGES-11, aac(6')-Ib10, ant(2")-Ia, aadA2, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, cmlA1, dfrA7, sul1, and qacEΔ1, conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. The plasmid was successfully transferred to genetically diverse Acinetobacter strains, highlighting its potential for spreading resistance.

The study established tentative CLSI M45 antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints for Pseudomonas other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (POPA). It identified various beta-lactamase genes, including metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) such as bla POM-1, bla POM-2, bla PAM-1, bla PST-1, bla VIM-2, bla CARB-2, bla DHA-1, and bla IMP-13, which confer resistance to carbapenems. Additionally, multidrug-resistant efflux pumps like ttgABC and tmexCD-toprJ were found to contribute to carbapenem resistance. Other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quaternary ammonium compounds, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones were also detected.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates from pet dogs and cats, including aac(6')-Iaa, aadA1, aadA2, blaTEM-1B, qacL, sul3, tet(A), qnrS1, fosA7, dfrA12, cmlA1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCTX-M-55, blaTEM-215, and floR, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol.

The study characterizes the plasmid diversity in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 isolates co-producing KPC and NDM carbapenemases, identifying multiple resistance genes and plasmid types involved in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified 30 different resistance determinants in 14 whole genome sequenced E. coli isolates from poultry farms in Abeokuta, Nigeria. These included genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCARB-2, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), among others, which conferred resistance to various antimicrobial classes.

The study identified 50 acquired resistance genes and seven chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella populations from Thai canal water, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified 95 antimicrobial resistance genes in 10 E. coli isolates from pigs and poultry in Nigeria, including genes such as qnrS1, qnrS10, qnrS15, kdpE, cmlA1, MIR-14, sul3, dfrA12, blaEc15, blaACT58, and blaEc18, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple ESBL-producing E. coli isolates and characterizes their resistance genes, highlighting the transfer of bla CTX-M-1 plasmids among isolates in a chicken cecal fermentation model.

The study identifies tet(X4)-positive multidrug-resistant E. coli in healthy individuals from urban areas in Shenzhen, China, highlighting the presence of tigecycline resistance and other resistance genes in the community gut microbiota.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from the broiler supply chain in Zimbabwe, including fosA7.2, qnrB19, aadA1, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-Id, fosA3, sul1, sul3, tetA, cmlA1, blaCMY-2, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-14, and mutations in gyrA and parC. These genes and mutations confer resistance to various antibiotics, including fosfomycin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactams.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and chromosomal mutations in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Algeria, including bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-15, aac(3)-Id, aadA7, sul1, tet(A), mph(A), qnrB19, cmlA1, and floR, along with mutations in gyrA and parC genes that confer resistance to ciprofloxacin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Nile tilapia, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM−1B, bla CTX−M−55, bla CTX−M−14, bla LAP−2), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS13), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA2, aph(3’’)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6’)-Ia), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), and efflux pump systems (mdsABC, mdtK).

The study identifies multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone 12, including bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, bla GES-12, bla GES-22, bla GES-35, bla CARB-16, bla CARB-49, aphA6a, aadB, strA, strB, cmlA1, aadA2b, sul1, drfA7, dfrA1, qacE, tet(B), tet(X3), msr(E), mph(E), bla TEM-1B, and aacC3. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms in this clone.