The study identifies dihydrophthalazine antifolates as effective against staphylococcal infections, including methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains. It characterizes mutations in dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfr(A), dfr(B), and dfr(C)) that confer resistance to trimethoprim.

Cryptotanshinone (CT) shows bacteriostatic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, affecting genes involved in resistance to trimethoprim, bacitracin, and macrolides.

The study characterizes various methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones, highlighting their antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated markers, with a focus on SCC mec types and PVL status.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The paper discusses the multidrug-resistant nature of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, highlighting its resistance to various antibiotics including β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and polymyxins. It emphasizes the challenges in treating infections caused by this pathogen due to its intrinsic resistance mechanisms and the need for alternative therapeutic approaches.

The study identified various plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a newly opened hospital in Iraq, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfamethoxazole/trime-thoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study identified the tet(M) gene as the primary cause of tetracycline resistance in Listeria isolates, along with dfrA, dfrD, and dfrG genes responsible for trimethoprim resistance. Additionally, the transferability of these resistance genes via conjugative transposons and plasmids was demonstrated.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified tetracycline, trimethoprim, and amoxicillin resistance genes (tet, dfrA, and blaTEM-1) in E. coli strains from buffalo and cattle populations in Zimbabwe, highlighting the role of human-animal interfaces in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in IncHI1 plasmids of Salmonella Typhimurium, including tet(B), tet(A), blaTEM, strA, strB, sul2, aadA, dfrA, catA1, aphA1a, and aad(3)IId, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study presents a real-time analysis framework for MinION sequencing data, demonstrating the ability to identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes within a few hours of sequencing. Key resistance genes identified include blaSHV, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXA, aac3, aac6, blaCMY, blaCFE, blaLAT, blaBIL, QnrB, aadA, oqxA, tetA, oqxB, rmtC, sul1, sul3, fosA, blaNDM, oqxA, blaSHV, oqxB, aadB, sul1, sul3, blaOXA, blaOKP, fosA, blaSHV, blaOKP, blaLEN, oqxA, and oqxB.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from meat products, including resistance to β-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.

The study identifies dfrG and dfrK as novel plasmid-encoded trimethoprim resistance genes in MRSA and MSSA isolates from the United States, demonstrating their role in conferring high-level resistance to trimethoprim.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, dfrA, mphA, sul1, and tetA, in E. coli isolates, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of ST131 and the presence of distinct plasmid profiles contributing to resistance.

The paper presents ARIBA, a tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations from sequencing data. It evaluates the performance of ARIBA on three datasets, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency in detecting resistance genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The study identifies 15 non-toxic metabolic targets in M. tuberculosis for structure-based drug discovery, including several genes involved in essential metabolic pathways. Computational and experimental methods were used to evaluate potential inhibitors, resulting in the identification of 20 lead compounds, some of which are FDA-approved drugs.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in antibiotic manufacturing effluents and receiving sediments, highlighting the presence of both known and potentially novel resistance mechanisms. Key findings include the discovery of macrolide resistance genes such as hflx, msr(e), mph(e), mph(g), and mef(c), as well as sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, and beta-lactamase genes like bla ges-1, bla veb-9, and bla cm y-10. Additionally, trimethoprim resistance genes dfr14, dfra1, and dfr17 were identified.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from equine patients, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in STEC O117:H7 isolates, including the azithromycin resistance gene mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA, dfrA5, ermB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), qnrs1, and a mutation in gyrA (S83L) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.

The study predicts antibiotic resistance in E. coli using machine learning models trained on pan-genome data, identifying key resistance genes such as bla-CTX-M, ampC, dfrA, qep, and oxa.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aac(6')-aph(2"), aadD, aph(3')-IIIa, dfrA, dfrG, qacA, and qacC, associated with resistance to gentamicin, trimethoprim, and chlorhexidine in ST239 MRSA. The pSK1-like plasmids were found to contribute to enhanced resistance and tolerance through the acquisition of these genes.

The study identifies an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) sublineage II.1 of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, carrying resistance genes such as catA, blaTEM1, dfrA, blaSHV-2A, mphA, qnrS, and gyrA mutations, along with an IncHI2 plasmid pSTm-ST313-II.1.

The study identifies dfrA, dfrG, and dfrK genes in clinical isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that confer resistance to trimethoprim and iclaprim. These genes were characterized through biochemical, structural, and computational methods, leading to the development of novel inhibitors (INCAs) with improved activity against these resistant enzymes.

The study presents a machine learning approach using game theory to evaluate protein features for predicting antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, achieving high accuracy for aac, bla, and dfr genes.

The study identified antimicrobial resistance genes such as ant(6)-Ia, blaZ, dfrA, and dfrG in Staphylococcus aureus isolates, along with the equine-adapted leukocidin gene lukPQ and the complement inhibitor gene scn-eq. These findings highlight the presence of virulence and resistance determinants in S. aureus isolates from horses.

The study identified several AMR genes using Nanopore sequencing, including mecA, blaTEM-4, blaTEM-112, blaTEM-157, blaACT-5, oqxB, tetC, ermA, erm (33), tet38, ant(4′)-lb, tetK, tetQ, sul1, dfrA, acrF, parE, mfd, mphA, aadA5, vgaC, blaACT-5, blaACT-14, mefA, mel, tetX, tetM, isaC, and aadA5, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, ticarcillin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin.

The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Rhesus macaques, environmental samples, and human patients in Nepal, including aacA-aadD, dfrA, erm(C), aacA-aphD, aphA3, sat, and blaZ.

The study identified several antibiotic and biocide resistance genes in Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis in Rwanda, including blaZ, tet(K), erm(C), vga(A), sal(A), lnu(A), msr(A), dfrA, dfrD, dfrG, smr, qacAB, cadD, copB, and arsA. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, and biocides like quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified various AMR genes in S. aureus isolates, including mecA, pvl, czrC, qacA/B, aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3'-III), msrA, ermA, ermC, mphC, tetK, tetL, tetM, cat::pC221, cat::pC223, cat::pC194, dfrA, dfrB, and dfrG, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics such as oxacillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates from dental plaque, including mecA, dfrA, dfrG, aacA-aphD, aadD, aphA3, ermC, msrA, tetK, norA, qacA, and qacC. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin G, trimethoprim, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies multiple multidrug resistance plasmids in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, including novel versions of pAQU-group plasmids carrying resistance genes such as tetB, floR, sul2, qnrVC, dfrA, and strAB.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pregnant women in low-income countries, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of environmental factors in their carriage.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing bacteria from Norwegian freshwater environments, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to various antibiotics including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including Bla TEM, StrB, DfrA, TetA, and FloR in bacterial isolates from vended food and soil samples in Embu Town and Kangaru Market, Kenya.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a dog with chronic urinary tract infection, including blaTEM, dfr, sulI, sulII, and strA. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides, as well as streptomycin. Additionally, some coliphages were found to carry these resistance genes.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains, highlighting their association with molecular types and resistance profiles.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics in enterobacteria from pigs. Additionally, bla IMP-7 was found to confer resistance to carbapenems in Providencia rettgeri.

The study identified dfrA, dfrG, dfrD, and dfrK genes as conferring trimethoprim resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, and mutations in the folP gene (F17L and KE257_Dup) as responsible for sulfamethoxazole resistance.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a hospital in Vietnam. Key AMR genes include blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, and mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance. Colistin resistance was due to disruption of the mgrB gene by an IS L3-like element.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), focusing on genes such as blaZ, mecA, and dltA, which are involved in beta-lactam and glycopeptide resistance. It highlights the importance of understanding these resistance mechanisms to develop new therapeutic strategies.

The study identified several ESBL genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-3, and blaCMY-2, along with aminoglycoside resistance genes like aac(3)-IV, sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, and trimethoprim resistance genes dfrA and dfrG, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospitalized horses.

The study identified various AMR genes in S. aureus isolates from Fort Portal Regional Referral Hospital, including blaZ, dfrA, dfrG, ermA, ermC, msrA, tetK, and tetM, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics. Additionally, mecA was detected, indicating methicillin resistance.

The study identifies the circulation of pandemic sequence types ST131, ST648, and ST410 of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Rwanda, highlighting their multidrug resistance and potential for transmission among patients, caregivers, and the community.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from healthy and diarrheic dogs, including blaTEM-1, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tetA, tetB, dfrA, sul1, sul2, int1, and tn3. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfonamide.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including blaSHV-11, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1, along with qnrS1, aadA1, dfrA1, and sul1, which contribute to multidrug resistance in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identified various AMR genes in K. pneumoniae strains, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M), fosfomycin resistance (fosA), quinolone resistance (oqxA, qnrB), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3), aminoglycoside resistance (aac(3), aadA1, strB), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), trimethoprim resistance (dfrA), and tetracycline resistance (tet(A)).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCMY-2, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-52, blaCTX-M-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IV, aadA, strA, strB, aph(3')-Ib), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19), macrolide resistance genes (mph(A), mph(B)), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1).

The study identified several AMR genes including ermB, mphA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1, blaDHA, blaOXA-1, dfrA, and sul in Shigella isolates. Mutations in gyrA (83L) and parC (80I) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study evaluated the use of respiratory metagenomics to detect antimicrobial resistance genes and improve treatment of secondary infections in ICU patients. It identified several beta-lactam resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and sulfonamide resistance genes in various bacterial species.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli strains from commercial broilers, including bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-2 for cephalosporin resistance, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS for fluoroquinolone resistance, aac(6')-Ib-cr for fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance, tetA and tetB for tetracycline resistance, sul1 and sul2 for sulfonamide resistance, aadA for aminoglycoside resistance, dfrA and dfrB for trimethoprim resistance, and mcr1 and mcr2 for polymyxin resistance.

The study identified mecC-positive MRSA strains ST425-t742 and ST130-t843 in surface waters, along with various AMR genes such as mecC, blaZ, ermT, msr(A/B), vgaA, tetL, mecA, mph(C), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, dfrA, fusB, and catpC221 in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The study identified several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-1, rmtC, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, aph(3′′)-Ib, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, sul1, sul2, and dfrA, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the Philippines.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus argenteus, including blaZ, mecA, and fosB, which confer resistance to penicillin, methicillin, and fosfomycin, respectively. These genes were found in different lineages and geographic regions.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from wild boars, including sul1, sul2, sul3, aadA1, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, blaTEM, gyrA, and int1, which confer resistance to sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, quinolones, and phenicols. The presence of these genes highlights the role of management practices in the dissemination of AMR.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Spain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and colistin.

The study identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Greek pigs, with a focus on resistance mechanisms involving bla CTX-M1/15, bla TEM, and bla SHV genes, as well as resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides, and colistin.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains in the United States.

The study identified ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on a dairy farm, with a high prevalence in calves. Key resistance genes included blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15, floR, strA, strB, catA, aadA, dfrA, tetA, tetR, tetY, mph(A), and TEM-105.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on beta-lactam, glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, MLS-B, aminoglycoside, and other resistance mechanisms. Key genes identified include blaZ, mecA, mecC, vanA, cfr, ermA, ermC, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-IIIa, and aadD. Mutations in pbp2 and pbp2a were also found to contribute to resistance.

The study characterized various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates from the Philippines, highlighting the presence of ESBL genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, and mutations in gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in clinical multidrug-resistant Proteus isolates, including bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla KPC-2, bla NDM-1, and others, highlighting the genetic diversity of mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from South American camelids in Germany, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the importance of monitoring AMR in these animals.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from the GCC marine environment, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-15, qnrS1, tet, sul, and dfr, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies genes associated with antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae under anaerobic conditions, highlighting the importance of environmental factors in resistance development.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in bloodstream E. coli isolates from South-West Nigeria, including bla CTX-M-15, dfrA, dfrB, and various quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their dissemination patterns across the global plasmidome using %GC content analysis. Key findings include the identification of genes such as sul, dfrA, qnr, CTX-M, OXA, APH(3'), ANT(3''), AAC(6'), mcr, erm, tet, and qac, which are associated with resistance to sulfonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, tetracyclines, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies various AMR genes including blaZ, dfrA, dfrG, ermB, catA, aac6′-aph2″, tet(M), dfrK, and ant4′ in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates. Additionally, a mutation in grlA (S80F) was found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes including blaLAP-2, dfrA-like, qnr-like, sul-like, and tet(A) in hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 subclones, highlighting their role in the epidemic spread of these strains.

The study reveals that immigration of influent wastewater into activated sludge leads to an increase in the abundance of over 70% of the quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Specific ARGs such as blaTEM, blaMOX, qnrS, qnrB, mphE, dfrA, tetO, tetQ, tetE, marR, msrD, robA, qacL, blaOXA, and ereA were found to increase in abundance with immigration, indicating the impact of influent immigration on the persistence of AMR in wastewater treatment plants.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains isolated from dairy cattle milk in Northwest, China, including mphC, ermB, floR, aadD, sul1, and gyrA, which confer resistance to erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-42, bla NDM-5, aadA, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-232, bla NDM-1, rmtB, rmtC, bla VEB, bla VIM-2, aph(3'), strA/B, bla OXA-23, aph (3′), catB, dfrB, bla VIM-2, fosA, oqxA, oqxB, bla OXA-23, bla CARB, bla OXA-91, bla OXA-51, bla PAO, bla SHV, aph (3′)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, mphE, msrE, ermB, mphA, aadA, rmtB, qnrB, dfrA, sul1, sul2, and fosA7.

The study identified bla(NDM-1), bla(OXA-48), qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA, bla(CTX-M-15), sul1, dfrA, aadA5, and qnrB1 as key resistance genes in CC147 subpopulations of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, a mutation in ompK36 was found to contribute to decreased susceptibility to antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in extraintestinal E. coli populations from broilers treated with enrofloxacin. Key findings include the presence of qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Additionally, multiple other AMR genes were detected, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecalis IRMC827A, including cat, tet_efflux, dfr, and mutations in 23S rRNA, gyrA, and parC associated with resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, linezolid, and fluoroquinolones.

The review highlights the role of PBP2a, encoded by the mecA gene, in conferring resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in MRSA. It also discusses the importance of β-lactamase enzymes, such as those encoded by blaZ, in degrading β-lactam antibiotics.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the large inversion fragment of S.iniae BH16-24, contributing to its multidrug resistance. These genes include pbp2B, pbp1A, pbp2X, femA, gyrA, oppA, aph, dfrA, and macB, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and macrolides.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from European hakes, including blaZ, mphC, msr(A/B), lnuA, vgaA, fusB, and dfrA, which confer resistance to penicillin, macrolides/lincosamides, fusidic acid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These CoNS isolates also carry virulence factors such as scn and hla.

The study identified tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (tetD, tetB, tetM, tetE, sul1, sul2, and dfrA) in Vibrio and Aeromonas isolates from raw seafood samples in Japan.

The study found that 27% of E. coli isolates from patients with uncomplicated acute cystitis in Melbourne, Australia, were resistant to trimethoprim, mediated by the dfrA gene. Resistance to nitrofurantoin was rare.

The study presents a novel 'Genome Feature Extractor Pipeline' that uses machine learning and deep learning to predict Salmonella MIC values based on 20-mer counts from WGS data. The pipeline identifies key genomic features associated with antibiotic resistance, including known resistance genes such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and sulfonamide resistance genes.

The paper discusses the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas species, highlighting the presence of various beta-lactamase genes such as blaTEM-24, blaIMP-19, blaVIM-4, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-48, blaIMP-13, blaGES-5, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-12, blaVEB-9, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaACC, and others. It also identifies genes like cphA, vat, mcr-3.41, mcr-7.1, sul, dfr, tetA, rsmA, and adeF associated with resistance to sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, polymyxin, and other antibiotics. The study emphasizes the role of horizontal gene transfer and mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of these resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes including blaZ, mecA, erm(A), erm(C), erm(T), mph(C), msr(A), vga(A), lsaB, ant4′, aac6′-aph2″, tet(K), tet(M), dfrA, dfrG, catPC221, and mupA in CoNS isolates from healthy dogs and dog-owners. Additionally, a linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolate was found to have multiple amino acid substitutions in 50S ribosomal proteins L3 and L4.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including blaSPM, blaKPC, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaPER, blaVIM, and blaVIM-2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aac(3)-II, sul2, sul1, sul3, dfrA, cmlA, and tetA were found to confer resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla NDM, bla OXA, and others, contributing to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Mutations in porin genes ompK35 and ompK36, as well as in gyrA and parC, are associated with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from poultry in Bangladesh, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, colistin, and others. High levels of multidrug resistance were observed, with specific genes like mcr1.1, bla CTX-M-65, and tet(A) playing significant roles.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi H58 lineage, highlighting its multidrug resistance and the role of IncH1 plasmids in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from retail meat, including bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaDIM-1, qacE, and various efflux pump genes, in bacterial isolates from hospital disinfectants, indicating their adaptation to survive in disinfectant environments.

The study identified multiple carbapenem resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla PDC-36/12, and bla POM-1, in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a pediatric hospital in the Gaza Strip. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Four multidrug-resistant strains of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) were identified in puppies with acute pneumonia, carrying resistance genes such as TEM, CTX-M-55, mec, tet, AAC-IId, cmlA, dfrA, and sul. These strains were classified as ST131 or ST43 and showed resistance to cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and penicillins, but were susceptible to aminoglycosides, beta-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, chloramphenicols, and sulfonamides.

The study identified blaEC-8 and blaZEG-1 genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, and dfrA gene conferring resistance to trimethoprim in Shigella sonnei isolates.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl farms, including blaTEM, blaOXA-10, tetA, tetR, floR, cmlA, qnrS, strA, strB, aadA, aac(3)-IId, sul, and dfrA. These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified high levels of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diabetic foot infections in Beira, Mozambique, with resistance genes blaZ, mecA, vancA, vancB, ermB, ermC, dfrA, and dfrG being prevalent.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations associated with colistin and carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter isolates, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in ompK35 were found to contribute to carbapenem resistance.

The study established tentative CLSI M45 antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints for Pseudomonas other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (POPA). It identified various beta-lactamase genes, including metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) such as bla POM-1, bla POM-2, bla PAM-1, bla PST-1, bla VIM-2, bla CARB-2, bla DHA-1, and bla IMP-13, which confer resistance to carbapenems. Additionally, multidrug-resistant efflux pumps like ttgABC and tmexCD-toprJ were found to contribute to carbapenem resistance. Other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quaternary ammonium compounds, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones were also detected.

The study characterizes the plasmid diversity in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 isolates co-producing KPC and NDM carbapenemases, identifying multiple resistance genes and plasmid types involved in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus isolates from dogs in Vietnam, including aacA-aphD, tetK, gyrA, mecA, msrA, dfrA, and ermA, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus species.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in a dairy wastewater sample, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside acetyltransferases, tetracycline resistance proteins, quinolone resistance proteins, and macrolide ribosome methyltransferases. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The study identified bla CTX-M, bla TEM, dfrA, stx1, and stx2 genes in E. coli isolates from meat products in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae, highlighting knowledge gaps in existing annotation tools and databases for accurate resistance prediction.

PanARGMiner effectively identifies key resistance genes from pan-genomic datasets, including both known and novel AMR genes, across multiple bacterial species.

The study characterizes the complete nucleotide sequence of the conjugative multiresistance plasmid pSK41 from Staphylococcus aureus, identifying resistance genes such as aacA-aphD, aadD, smr, and dfrA, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, neomycin, antiseptics/disinfectants, and trimethoprim, respectively.