The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C), tet(33)) and gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA9, aadA11, dfrA1, dfrB2a) associated with class 1 integrons in various bacterial species isolated from pigsties and manured soil.

The study identified various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from a remote community with minimal antibiotic exposure, including blaTEM, catI, cmlA6, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aphA1, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, and sat-1. These genes were found to be similar to those seen in antibiotic-exposed settings, indicating the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from such environments.

The study identifies the presence of class 2 integrons carrying dfrA1, sat, and aadA1 cassettes in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Accra, Ghana, which confer resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin.

The study identified a high prevalence of multidrug-tolerant bacteria and various antimicrobial resistance genes in ornamental fish and their carriage water, highlighting the potential risk of resistance gene spread through the aquatic environment.

The study identified various dfr genes, including dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA24, and dfrA26, as major contributors to trimethoprim resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The distribution of these genes remained largely unchanged during the intervention period.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater effluents, including dfrA1, dfr18, floR, sul2, strB, and tetA, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline.

The study identified class 1 integrons carrying aadA1 and dfrA1 gene cassettes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from retail meat products, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes various AbaR genomic resistance islands in Acinetobacter baumannii strains of European clone I, identifying multiple AMR genes such as blaTEM-1, aacC1, aadA1, aacA4, dfrA1, catA1, sul1, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain, including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, along with chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, ompC, and ompF contributing to resistance.

The study identified QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC, as well as the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, class 1 and class 2 integrons, and various resistance genes including blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA5, strA, tet, and aphA1-Ia in ETEC strains, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia, including blaTEM, aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA-strB, cmlA, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identified resistance genes strA, strB, sul2, dfrA1, and floR in the Haiti V. cholerae O1 outbreak strain, along with mutations in gyrA (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser85Leu) contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identifies a 21.4 kb plasmid pECTm80 carrying a class 2 integron with gene cassettes dfrA1, sat2, and ΔaadA1, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin/spectinomycin respectively.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in plasmids from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla CMY, aadA, aadB, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, floR, cmlA, dfrA1, dfrA12, and aacC.

The study identified the blaCTX-M-15 gene, aadA1, tetA, and dfrA1 as resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains during an outbreak. Additionally, quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I, E84V) were detected.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in Nigeria, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as floR, sul2, dfrA1, and strAB, along with quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser85Leu).

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes sulI and dfrA1 in environmental samples, which are associated with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim resistance, respectively. These genes were found at high concentrations near drug formulation facilities and in areas with elevated antibiotic levels.

The study identified the persistence of sulphonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2) and trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA1) in sediments at Baltic Sea aquaculture farms, while these genes were not detected in the surrounding environment.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in Iran, including aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, dfrA1, tetA, and tetB, which confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified dfrA1, dfrA5, and dfrA17 as trimethoprim resistance genes in Escherichia coli, showing their distribution across different genetic subpopulations and changes in resistance frequencies after a community-wide intervention on trimethoprim use.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and Salmonella, including beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY, blaCTX-M), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), and dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12). These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies the presence of class 1 integrons and bla CTX-M-15 genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy individuals in Chandigarh, India. It also detects several gene cassettes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, streptothricin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in a polluted lake in India, including sul2, qnrD, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ib, CMY2, qnrS, ant(3′)-Ia, dfrB1/dfrB5/dfrB6/dfrB8, GES, ere(A)/ere(C), qnrC, mph(E), dfrA1/dfrA15/dfrA25/dfrA30, erm(F), ant(2′)-Ia, cmlA, and tet(39). These genes conferred resistance to various classes of antibiotics, highlighting the significant presence of resistance mechanisms in the polluted environment.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of an E. coli strain carrying 12 acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance, trimethoprim resistance, tetracycline resistance, and streptothricin resistance.

The study reports the first description of a class 1 integron in an environmental isolate of Rahnella aquatilis, harboring the dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette array and the blaTEM gene, contributing to resistance against trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, and piperacillin.

The study identifies the emergence of a multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella Infantis clone transmitting from broilers and broiler meat to humans in Italy, harboring the bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-65 genes, along with resistance genes tet(A), sul1, dfrA1, and dfrA14.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii isolate carrying the qnrD1 gene, along with various other antibiotic resistance genes such as aadA1y, aph(3')-Ic, strA-strB, blaOXA-1, catA2, catB3, sul2, dfrA1, tetY, and sat2.

The study identifies various AMR genes such as aadA1, aadB, aacC, ant1, dfrA1, and dfrA17 in MDR- and XDR-UPEC strains, which confer resistance to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from Saudi Arabia, including carb-like, dfrA1, floR, tetA, and mutations in gyrA and parC genes associated with resistance to beta-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified various AMR genes including dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, tetA, aacC1, TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA, NDM-1, IMP, VIM, ACT, DHA, and CMY in E. coli isolates from children in Delhi, India. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, gentamicin, and various beta-lactams.

The study identifies the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the Shigella flexneri strain SP1, including blaCTX-M-14, blaOXA-1, aadA24, strA, strB, catA1, tetD, sul2, and dfrA1, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The study identified aadA1 and dfrA1 genes in Salmonella isolates, which confer resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim. These genes were found in Infantis and Dublin isolates, respectively.

The study characterized blaCTX-M-1 and blaCMY-2 genes in E. coli isolates from French broilers, highlighting their roles in extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance and the presence of virulence genes on blaCMY-2-containing plasmids.

The study identified several AMR genes including dfrV, dfrA1, aadA, blaOXA, sat, InsE, and InsO, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to quinolone resistance in Shigella isolates.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in STEC O117:H7 isolates, including the azithromycin resistance gene mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA, dfrA5, ermB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), qnrs1, and a mutation in gyrA (S83L) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several gene cassettes associated with antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant Citrobacter isolates, including aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA15, dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2.

The study identified several gene cassettes associated with antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant Citrobacter isolates, including aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA15, dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in aEPEC isolates from children in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Egypt, including CITM, ere, aac(3)-(IV), tet(A), tet(B), dfr(A1), and aad(A1). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry.

The study reports a fatal case of bacteremia caused by a hypermucoviscous KPC-2 producing extensively drug-resistant K64-ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolate harbored multiple AMR genes including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, qnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetA, tetD, and fosA, contributing to its extensive drug resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a tigecycline-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST93 clinical isolate, TREC1, which harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines. The isolate is resistant to all antibiotics tested except colistin.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, ampC, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA, rmtB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA25, dfrA26, dfrA30, oqxA, oqxB, and mgrB, as well as mutations in ompK35, ompK36, gyrA, parC, phoP, phoQ, pmrA, and pmrB, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) as the most common in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle farms, along with gene cassettes such as aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA12, sul1, cat1, and floR associated with class 1 integrons.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain Ab33405, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, highlighting the genetic basis of its multidrug resistance.

The study identified high abundances of class 1 integrase (intI1) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in urban wetlands in Nigeria, along with various gene cassettes in class 1 integrons that confer resistance to trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, rifampicin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study shows that Acinetobacter baumannii A118 can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other species through natural transformation, leading to increased resistance to various antibiotics such as meropenem, imipenem, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Portuguese livestock manure, including cat I, cat II, qnr S, tet (A), tet (M), sul 3, and dfr Ia group.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from healthy chicken farms in Senegal, including bla CTX-M, bla CMY-2, tetA, dfrA1, dfrA7, aadA1, qnrB, and bla TEM, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC genes contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes associated with antimicrobial use on broiler farms, including bla TEM, erm (B), tet (W), aadA cluster, cmx, and dfrA1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, qnr S1, dfr A1, aad A1, sul II, tet B, and cat A1 in Shigella isolates. Additionally, novel mutations in gyr A, gyr B, par C, and par E genes were observed, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from patients with diarrhea, including dfrA1, sul1, citm, tetA, and qnr, which contribute to resistance against trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, respectively.

The study identifies the dfrA1 gene as a contributor to trimethoprim resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

The study identifies blaKPC-2 as the dominant carbapenemase gene in clinical CRKP isolates, along with various ESBLs and other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, aac(3)-IId, rmtB, QnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, fosA, catA1, catA2, dfrA1, and dfrA17.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study analyzed 515 E. coli isolates from pigs using whole genome sequencing to identify AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the prevalence of blaTEM-1b, tet(A), and tetA(B) genes, along with various mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The study highlights the effectiveness of WGS in predicting AMR phenotypes with high concordance to MIC results.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and zinc tolerance genes in commensal Escherichia coli from weaned pigs, highlighting the impact of high-dose zinc oxide diets on selecting for resistant strains.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including tetB, tetQ, ermA, ermB, and dfrA1, which were associated with tetracycline, macrolide, and trimethoprim resistance in porcine fecal samples. These genes were found to be prevalent and diverse, with no significant changes in their abundance despite antimicrobial treatments.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study identified qnrS1, qnrS2, and qnrS13 genes as plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a commercial layer farm. Additionally, blaTEM, aadA, tetA, and dfrA1 genes were found to confer resistance to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates from raw milk, including blaZ, tetK, dfrA1, aacA-D, ermA, and gyrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies known and novel antimicrobial resistance genes using a machine learning approach on pan-genomes of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Key findings include the detection of resistance genes such as gyrA, parC, ermC, lmrS, aac(6')-aph(2"), dfrG, tetK, and various beta-lactamases.

The study identified blaCTX-M-15, dfrA1, dfrA14, sul1, and sul2 as genes responsible for ceftriaxone resistance in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in western Kenya.

The study identified 24 different antimicrobial-resistance determinants in Gallibacterium anatis isolates from calves with unresponsive bronchopneumonia, including novel resistance genes such as aadA23, blaCARB-8, tet(Y), and qnrD1.

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study reports the first complete genomic sequence of an mcr-9 and bla VIM-4 -carrying multidrug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei clinical isolate from Egypt, highlighting the coexistence of these resistance genes on an IncHI2 plasmid and their potential for dissemination.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-116), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA7, dfrA15), sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in a culture-negative sample from a patient with severe pneumonia, including bla SHV-12, bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-65, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, aph(3')-Ia, catA1, fosA, acrA, and rmtB, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from clams and marine sediments, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tet(A), dfrA1, aadA, strA, strB, and ant(3"). These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin.

The study characterizes multidrug-resistant plasmids pA1705-qnrS, p911021-tetA, and p1642-tetA from Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying several AMR genes including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-65), quinolone resistance gene qnrS1, tetracycline resistance genes tetA (A) and tetA (D), aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA4cr and aacC2, streptomycin resistance genes strA and strB, dihydrofolate reductase genes dfrA1 and dfrA14, sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, macrolide resistance gene mph (A), efflux pump gene oqxAB, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene catB3, and tunicamycin resistance gene tmrB.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study identifies multiple beta-lactamase genes, including blaTEM-1, blaADC-182, and blaOXA-253, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aph3 and aadB, which contribute to the multidrug resistance profile of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains in Brazil.

This review discusses the mechanisms that protect Acinetobacter baumannii against multiple stresses, including those from the host immune response, antibiotics, and the outside environment. It highlights the role of surface glycoconjugates, outer membrane components, and various virulence factors in evading immune defenses and surviving adverse conditions.

The study reports the first genomic characterization of a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei isolate coharboring bla(VIM-1) and mcr-9 genes from food of animal origin. The isolate was resistant to carbapenems and other antibiotics, but susceptible to colistin. The bla(VIM-1) and mcr-9 genes were located on the same IncHI2 plasmid, along with other resistance genes.

The report highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, focusing on Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. It notes high resistance levels to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in Salmonella and E. coli isolates, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones in certain serovars. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli and Salmonella were rarely detected.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multi-drug-resistant Shigella flexneri strain, including bla DHA, bla OXA-1, tet(B), catA1, dfrA1, mph(A), ermB, qnrB, aadA, and qacEΔ1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified several AMR genes in two hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from renal transplant recipients, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, indicating resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain CC15031, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in canine ST372 isolates, including blaTEM-1A, sul1, aadA1, dfrA1, and mdf(A), which confer resistance to beta-lactams, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines respectively. These genes were found in the genomes of the isolates through whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mutations in Escherichia coli isolates from various sources in Italy, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamide, penicillin, fluoroquinolone, and colistin. Key genes included tetA, sul2, blaTEM-1b, mcr-1, qnrS1, and others, along with mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and pmrB.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Shigella spp. and EIEC isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1b, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32, blaCTX-M-55, blaDHA-1), dihydrofolate reductase variants (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA7, dfrA8), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), macrolide resistance genes (erm(B), mphA), and chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in mink pathogens, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA5, aadA1), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA8, dfrA14), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin B resistance genes (erm), lincomycin resistance gene (lnu(A)), spectinomycin resistance gene (spc), and additional sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul3, dfrK, dfrG).

The study identified the sul1, sul2, and dfrA1 genes as key mechanisms of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, with sul1 being the most prevalent.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-1 gene carried on an IncI1/ST3 plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolates from humans and wild animals in Guadeloupe, highlighting the dissemination of this resistance determinant in the environment.

The study identifies several AMR genes carried by clinically relevant plasmids, including blaOXA-48, qnrS1, blaSHV-12, aac(6')-Ib3, blaVEB-9, qnrVC-1, sul1, tetA', tetC, dfrA1, dfrA23, blaVIM-1, aadA1, qacEΔ1, blaBEL-1, blaGES-5, blaIMP-8, and blaFOX-8. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, and the study highlights the collateral sensitivity associated with the acquisition of these plasmids.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the Shigella sonnei outbreak strain, including blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, strA, strB, dfrA1, tetA, and sul2, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole.

Wild boars in Germany carry ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, with bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, and bla CMY-2 being the most common beta-lactamase genes. Additional resistance genes include sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA17, tet(A), cmlA, floR, and qnrS.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla KPC-3, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various dfr and aad genes, in wastewater isolates, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wastewater treatment plants.

This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from animals in Greece, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla TEM, aadA1, aadA2, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, dfrA19, mph, mrx, intI1, tnpISE cp1, qnrS, and qnrB.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and S. aureus isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1A), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catA1), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA1), fluoroquinolone resistance gene (floR), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), methicillin resistance gene (mecA), beta-lactamase (blaZ-like), and tetracycline efflux pumps (tet(K), tet(M)).

The study found that anaerobic digestion of dairy manure significantly reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, including various ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, and bla PER-1, as well as other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla OXA-1, catB4, dfrA1, floR, lnu(G), sul2, aadA2, mph(E), msr(E), tet(C), tet(E), and tet(X).

The study identified various β-lactamase genes, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1, bla SHV-33, bla SHV-11, bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, and bla DHA-1, along with non-β-lactamase resistance genes such as sul2, strA, strB, tet(A), and sul1, in Enterobacterales and Salmonella isolates from marine mammals.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaTEM, floR, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, catB3, sat1, and blaPse1, in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diarrhoeic calves in Egypt. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and others.

The paper discusses the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species, including strB, sul2, tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, ermB, floR, aac(3)-IIa, blaNDM-1, blaCMY, blaP1, catB3, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCARB-3, blaCMY-59), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), and multidrug efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, acrD, tolC, baeR, emrA, emrB).

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including blaSHV-11, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1, along with qnrS1, aadA1, dfrA1, and sul1, which contribute to multidrug resistance in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies the presence of bla CTX-M-27, erm(B), mph(A), aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and tet(A) in Shigella isolates associated with MSM transmission in the UK, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 strains isolated from humans in Poland, including blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Iaa, aac(6')-Iid, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3")-Id, aadA1, sul1, dfrA1, and tetA, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams.

The study identified various AMR genes in Enterobacterales isolates from livestock, highlighting the association between AMR prevalence and antimicrobial usage, with pigs being a major reservoir of AMR genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Ghana, including strA, strB, catB5, floR, sul2, and dfrA1, which confer resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83I) and parC (S85L) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the presence of bla NDM, bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-51-like, and other resistance genes, along with mutations in pmrA and lptF contributing to colistin resistance.

The study identifies the acquisition of multiple AMR genes and mutations in a Klebsiella pneumoniae clone, leading to increased multidrug resistance. Key findings include the role of blaCTX-M-14, aac(3)-Iid, tet(A), qnrS1, sul1, dfrA1, acrAB-TolC, ompK35, and mgrB in conferring resistance to various antibiotics, along with mutations in ramR that contribute to resistance.

The study identified various CTX-M-type beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, bla CTX-M-55, and bla CTX-M-65, as well as other beta-lactamase genes such as bla TEM-1, bla CARB-2, and bla CMY-2 in ESBL E. coli isolates from sheep and their abattoir environment. Additional AMR genes related to aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim were also detected.

The study identified a low prevalence of genotypic antimicrobial resistance in clinical STEC in Norway, with aminoglycoside resistance being the most common. Key resistance genes included strA, strB, aadA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, blaTEM-1B, and dfrA1.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes sulII, dfrA1, strB, and the SXT element in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains circulating in Assam, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaTEM-1B, tetA, dfrA1/sul2, and floR, in E. coli ST10 isolates causing recurrent outbreaks in a broiler unit over 18 months.

The study identified the bla CTX-M gene in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella strains, along with tetA, tetB, and dfrA1 genes in tetracycline and trimethoprim-resistant strains. High levels of multidrug resistance were observed.

The study identified a variety of resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and others, highlighting the complex genetic diversity of these pathogens.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-3, bla SHV-12, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA1, and dfrA14 were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Finland.

Flavophospholipol (FPL) effectively reduced the abundance of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli in pig feces by inhibiting conjugational transfer and growth of resistant plasmids carrying tetA, tetB, blaTEM-1B, mdfA, aph(3')-I, sul2, aadA1, and dfrA1.

The study identified functional class 2 integrons in three Proteus mirabilis isolates, containing gene cassettes dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 and four novel open reading frames. The internal stop codons in intI2 genes were mutated, indicating functional intI2 genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Spain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and colistin.

The study characterizes antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from bovine animals and the environment in Nigeria, identifying several beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, qnr, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates from Senegal, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Key genes included aac(3)-Id, aadA7, blaTEM-1b, blaDHA-1, blaOXA-10, blaCMY-2, dfrA1, dfrA14, floR, fosA, qnrB19, qnrB7, sul2, tetA, tetB, aph(3')-Ib, aph(3")-Ib, and aph(6)-Id. Mutations in parC and gyrA were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in pathogenic E. coli strains from cattle in Romania and France, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The report highlights the presence of various antimicrobial resistance genes such as blaVIM-1, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, and cfr in different bacterial isolates, indicating resistance to carbapenems, beta-lactams, and macrolides/lincosamides/streptogramin B.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Infantis strains from Italy, including blaCTX-M-1, aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA14, sul1, and tet(A), which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, ermB, aadA1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA1, catA1, aadA2, dfrA5, dfrA12, qnrS13, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, sul1, and dfrA17, associated with ESBL-Ec in children, mothers, and drinking water in rural Bangladesh.

The study identified multiple AMR genes on IncHI5 plasmids in Klebsiella michiganensis, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-3, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-12, blaIMP-4, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-16, blaSFO-1, blaSIM-1), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aacA4, arr3, aadA5, gcu37, dfrA1), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catA2), streptomycin resistance genes (strA, strB), macrolide resistance genes (msrAB, mph(A)), and quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene (qacG2).

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaTEM-1, dfrA1, tetA, sul1, floR, aac(6')-laa, qnrE1, aadA1, and aac(6')-ly, in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica strains. It also reports mutations in mgrB, pmrB, and pmrC associated with colistin resistance.

The study identifies SHV-12-producing Escherichia coli isolates in a broiler farm environment, highlighting the presence of various antimicrobial resistance genes such as bla SHV-12, cmlA, tet (A), aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, emphasizing the need for monitoring and controlling AMR in agricultural settings.

This study characterizes four groups of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements (AGEs) in Providencia, highlighting the diversity and complexity of multidrug resistance (MDR) regions within these elements. It identifies numerous drug resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, contributing to the understanding of AMR mechanisms in Providencia.

The study identifies D27E and L28Q substitutions in DfrA1 and DfrA5 as key determinants of trimethoprim resistance, revealing a common mechanism of resistance in plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductases.

The 2018 cholera outbreak in Algeria involved Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates with resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin. Mutations in gyrA (S83I), parC (S85L), nfsA (R169C), nfsB (Q5Stop), and vprA (D89N) were identified as contributing to the resistance profiles.

The study identifies dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, and dfrA17 as trimethoprim resistance genes in urinary pathogens, demonstrating their utility in predicting phenotypic resistance without culture.

The study identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Greek pigs, with a focus on resistance mechanisms involving bla CTX-M1/15, bla TEM, and bla SHV genes, as well as resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides, and colistin.

Four bla NDM-1-positive Providencia strains were identified in a pig farm in China, showing multidrug resistance and carrying additional resistance genes such as bla OXA-10, bla TEM-116, and others.

The study identified mcr-1.1 and mcr-1.2 variants on IncX4 plasmids in colistin-resistant Salmonella Infantis strains, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-1, aac(6')-Iaa, tet(A), dfrA1, sul1, and qacE.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identified colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with resistance genes including bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, lps B, and various efflux pumps. These isolates exhibited extensive drug resistance (XDR) and were associated with sequence types ST1 and ST2.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 in urban rats in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs of invasive Salmonella. The resistant isolates carried genes such as blaTEM-1, strA, strB, ant(3')-Ia, aac(3')-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetB, and catA10, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies 63 different AMR genes in 90 S. Typhimurium isolates from Peru, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-181, blaSHV-12, blaSHV-134, blaCTX-M-15), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB5, qnrB19, qnrE2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetR), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA1, dfrA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), lincomycin resistance gene (linG), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), and fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3).

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including sul2, blaTEM, qnrA, dfrA1, and aphA1, in Escherichia coli isolates from retail chicken meat and human urinary tract infections. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, sulfonamides, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.