The study identified the cephamycinase gene bla CMY2 and the florfenicol resistance gene flo as significant contributors to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from dogs. Additionally, the gene cassettes aadA5 and dfrA17 were found to confer resistance to spectinomycin and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified various dfr genes, including dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA24, and dfrA26, as major contributors to trimethoprim resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The distribution of these genes remained largely unchanged during the intervention period.

The study identified QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC, as well as the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, class 1 and class 2 integrons, and various resistance genes including blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA5, strA, tet, and aphA1-Ia in ETEC strains, contributing to multidrug resistance.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identified dfrA1, dfrA5, and dfrA17 as trimethoprim resistance genes in Escherichia coli, showing their distribution across different genetic subpopulations and changes in resistance frequencies after a community-wide intervention on trimethoprim use.

The study identifies the presence of class 1 integrons and bla CTX-M-15 genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy individuals in Chandigarh, India. It also detects several gene cassettes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, streptothricin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study reports the identification of blaNDM-5 along with multiple other antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate, highlighting the complex resistance profile of the strain.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes on the IncF plasmid pEC958 from E. coli ST131, including blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, catB4, mph(A), dfrA17, aadA5, sulI, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study found that ESBL-plasmid carriage does not reduce fitness but enhances virulence in some strains of pandemic E. coli lineages. It identified several AMR genes on the ESBL-plasmids, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-14), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aac(6')-Ib-cr), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB4), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), streptomycin resistance genes (strA, strB), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dhfrVII, dfrA17), and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph(3')-Ia). Non-antibiotic resistance genes such as finO, traT, icc, yfaX, yihA, and hha were also identified.

The study identified multiple blaOXA-114 variants (blaOXA-114q, blaOXA-114h, blaOXA-114r, blaOXA-114t) and the novel blaPSE-1 gene in Achromobacter spp. isolates, along with aadB, aadA2, dfrA17, and aacA4 resistance genes, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study presents SSTAR, a software tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes from whole-genome sequencing data. It detects known AR genes and potential new variants, including truncated forms. The tool was applied to analyze resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 and Escherichia coli ST44, revealing various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and porin mutations contributing to resistance.

The study identified several resistance genes, including qacEΔ1-sul1, sul2, intI1, dfrA12, dfrA17, and dfrA27, which are associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates in China.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli from mastitic cows in China, with blaCTX-M-15 being the most common ESBL gene. These isolates were found to carry clinical class 1 integrons and ISCR1 elements, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study identifies various AMR genes such as aadA1, aadB, aacC, ant1, dfrA1, and dfrA17 in MDR- and XDR-UPEC strains, which confer resistance to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified a few antibiotic-resistant E. coli clones in Zimbabwean cows, including resistance to tetracycline, penicillins, and trimethoprim, but these were rare and subdominant.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from North Carolina community hospitals, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes in an extensively drug-resistant E. coli ST1642 isolate, including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1, aadA5, strA, strB, aac(3)-IId, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(B), dfrA17, and qnrS1, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The study identifies bla CTX-M-15-positive E. coli isolates from food products in Germany, primarily associated with IncF-type plasmids and belonging to two predominant clonal lineages, ST167 and ST410. These isolates carry various resistance genes including aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA5, bla OXA-1, catB3, mph(A), sul1, tet(B), and dfrA17.

The study characterized blaCTX-M-1 and blaCMY-2 genes in E. coli isolates from French broilers, highlighting their roles in extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance and the presence of virulence genes on blaCMY-2-containing plasmids.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterized the resistomes of six carbapenem-resistant pathogens, identifying various carbapenemase genes such as bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-72, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-7, and bla VIM-1, along with other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), erm(B), mph(A), sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-6, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-200, bla OXA-10, and bla NDM-7.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Choqueyapu River, including E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae carrying bla CTX-M, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and bla OXA-48 genes, highlighting the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies a novel composite IS26 transposon, Tn6242, in multidrug-resistant E. coli ST405, carrying resistance genes including dfrA17, aadA5, sul1, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM-1b, and sul2.

The study identifies multiple multidrug resistance plasmids in Salmonella Pullorum, including pSPUR1, pSPUR2, pSPUR3, pSPUR4, and pSPUR5, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline.

The study reports the first clinical case of a KPC-3-producing Klebsiella michiganensis isolate in Europe, highlighting the emergence of this multidrug-resistant pathogen and the significance of molecular diagnostics in identifying novel resistance mechanisms.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study presents a nanopore metagenomics method for rapid detection of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in lower respiratory infections, achieving high sensitivity and specificity through host DNA depletion and real-time sequencing.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli ST131 isolates from a patient with recurrent UTIs, including plasmid-borne resistance genes and chromosomal mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes including aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-lb-cr, ant (2")-Ia, aph3'-1, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul1, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to Tobramycin, Ciprofloxacin, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole. These genes were validated through cloning and MIC testing.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaTEM, sul2, aadA7, aac3-Id, aadA5, and dfrA17, in Salmonella isolates from duck farms and a slaughterhouse in Shandong, China. High levels of resistance to various antibiotics were observed, highlighting the need for improved antimicrobial stewardship.

The study identified 25 antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio harveyi 345, including genes for tetracycline (tetm, tetb), fluoroquinolone (qnrs), trimethoprim (dfra17), sulfonamide (sul2), and others, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in its multidrug resistance.

The study identifies blaKPC-2 as the dominant carbapenemase gene in clinical CRKP isolates, along with various ESBLs and other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, aac(3)-IId, rmtB, QnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, fosA, catA1, catA2, dfrA1, and dfrA17.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study analyzed 515 E. coli isolates from pigs using whole genome sequencing to identify AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the prevalence of blaTEM-1b, tet(A), and tetA(B) genes, along with various mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The study highlights the effectiveness of WGS in predicting AMR phenotypes with high concordance to MIC results.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study identifies a large self-transmissible plasmid pMB2 from Nigeria containing multiple resistance genes, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaCTX-M-15, tetA, and sitABCD, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance and provides a growth advantage under iron-limited conditions.

The study reports the detection of an NDM-5 producing E. coli in Malawi, highlighting the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the region.

The study identifies a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolate producing New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-5 (blaNDM-5) in companion animals in the United States, along with several other resistance genes including tet(A), aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA5, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, catB3, dfrA17, dfrA12, sul1, and mph(A).

The study characterizes two carbapenemase-producing E. coli strains carrying blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181, along with various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-lb-cr, catB3, sul1, dfrA17, qacEΔ1, aadA5, rmtB, ermB, mphA, tetB, catA1, dfrA14, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, and blaCMY-42.

The study identifies known and novel antimicrobial resistance genes using a machine learning approach on pan-genomes of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Key findings include the detection of resistance genes such as gyrA, parC, ermC, lmrS, aac(6')-aph(2"), dfrG, tetK, and various beta-lactamases.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified 22 AMR genes in 10 ocular E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, dfrA17, aadA2, aadA5, bla OXA-1, bla NDM-5, dfrA12, bla TEM-1 B, mdfA, emrB, mphA, sul1, sul2, and aac(6')-1b-cr. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in parE, gyrA, and parC were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study identified CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from blue mussels in Norway, highlighting the potential for mobility of these resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mutations in Escherichia coli isolates from various sources in Italy, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamide, penicillin, fluoroquinolone, and colistin. Key genes included tetA, sul2, blaTEM-1b, mcr-1, qnrS1, and others, along with mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and pmrB.

The study highlights the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends, particularly in identifying ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-2, and bla DHA-1, along with other resistance genes like sul2, tet(A), dfrA17, aadA5, ant3-1a, strA, strB, and fosA3 in E. coli isolates from pig surveillance.

The study identified seven trimethoprim-resistance genes, including dfrA17 and dfrA12, along with bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-14, which are associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistance. Additionally, the study found chrA, qacEΔ1, and other resistance genes in the analyzed isolates.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-5, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-3, and bla TEM-1, which contribute to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production in multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates. Additionally, a mutation in the gyrA gene (D87N) was linked to quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from Nigerian poultry, including aac(6')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, aadA7, aph(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6')-Id, aph(6')-Ic, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-IIa, aac(3)-Id, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(M), qnrS1, qnrB19, blaTEM, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, catA1, cmlA1, and floR. Mutations in gyrA (Ser83Phe, Asp87Tyr) and parC (Thr57Ser, Ser80Ile) were also associated with resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified several extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-55, along with mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1 for colistin resistance. Additionally, various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, mdf(A), mph(A), and others were found in the isolates, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

Wild boars in Germany carry ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, with bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, and bla CMY-2 being the most common beta-lactamase genes. Additional resistance genes include sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA17, tet(A), cmlA, floR, and qnrS.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla KPC-3, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various dfr and aad genes, in wastewater isolates, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wastewater treatment plants.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from animals in Greece, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla TEM, aadA1, aadA2, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, dfrA19, mph, mrx, intI1, tnpISE cp1, qnrS, and qnrB.

The study identified various beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli strains from Australian fruit bats, highlighting the presence of multiple AMR genes such as bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-5, and others, indicating anthropogenic origins of these resistant strains.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli strains from wildlife, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, tet(A), tet(B), and several resistance gene cassettes in integrons. These genes were found to confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the presence of AMR in wildlife E. coli populations.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from different animal sources, highlighting the presence of ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, and bla CMY-28, as well as mutations in parC and gyrA that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The study identified various β-lactamase genes, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1, bla SHV-33, bla SHV-11, bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, and bla DHA-1, along with non-β-lactamase resistance genes such as sul2, strA, strB, tet(A), and sul1, in Enterobacterales and Salmonella isolates from marine mammals.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaTEM, floR, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, catB3, sat1, and blaPse1, in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from diarrhoeic calves in Egypt. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing infective endocarditis, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and fluoroquinolones. These genes were detected through molecular analysis and resistance profiling.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant E. coli ST182 isolates from airline waste carrying genes such as blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, aadA5, mphA, sul1, and dfrA17, along with the S83L mutation in gyrA, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh, including bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-5, mcr-1, and various aminoglycoside resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA and parC were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies three novel variants of PmGRI1 and a hybrid structure combining Tn7-like transposon and PmGRI1 in Proteus mirabilis, highlighting their role in carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Australian E. coli ST131 isolates, including bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-27 for beta-lactam resistance, aadA5, strA, strB, mphA, dfrA17, sul1, qacEΔ1, and chrA for resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chromate. Fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and parC were also found.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in 19 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates from Benin, including bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1, tet(B), sul2, and dfrA17, as well as mutations in parC and gyrA associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-3, bla SHV-12, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA1, and dfrA14 were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Finland.

The study identified 88 acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 166 Morganella isolates, with a focus on tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and beta-lactam resistance genes. Key ARGs included blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, aacA4, aadA5, dfrA17, catB3, arr-3, blaOXA-1, aacA4cr, mph(A), rmtB, sul2, floR, qnrS1, tetA, and ermB.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in wild boar and wild ruminants with a low prevalence. The most prevalent ESBL type was CTX-M-1. The study also found resistance genes for aminoglycosides, phenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-350, blaOXA-1, and blaCTX-M-15, as well as various aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from hospital and urban wastewater. Mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from surface water in north-western Mexico, including international high-risk lineages ST410 and ST617. These isolates carried various AMR genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, cmlA1, lnu(F), mdf(A), sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA12, and dfrA17. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (S458A) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from a low antimicrobial usage pig farm, highlighting the persistence of multidrug-resistant strains despite minimal selective pressure.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiome of Bangladeshi children, including bla CTX-M, mph(A), qnrS1, mdf(A), tet(A), sul2, aadA5, tet(X), erm(X), nimE, dfrA17, bla TEM, and ant(6’)-Ia. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, streptomycin, spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, nitroimidazoles, trimethoprim, penicillins, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, ermB, aadA1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA1, catA1, aadA2, dfrA5, dfrA12, qnrS13, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, sul1, and dfrA17, associated with ESBL-Ec in children, mothers, and drinking water in rural Bangladesh.

The study identified several AMR genes in bla NDM-1 -harboring CREC isolates, including bla NDM-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA5, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB6, ARR-3, dfrA17, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, tet(A), mph(A), bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-57, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and macrolides.

The study identified the occurrence of fluoroquinolone-resistant ST1193 clone in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) caused by Escherichia coli in Spain. Several AMR genes and mutations were characterized, including blaTEM-1B, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mdf(A), mph(A), sul2, dfrA14, dfrA17, sitABCD, and chromosomal mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (L416F).

The study identifies dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, and dfrA17 as trimethoprim resistance genes in urinary pathogens, demonstrating their utility in predicting phenotypic resistance without culture.

The paper characterizes Escherichia coli ST1193 as an emerging multidrug-resistant clone with various AMR determinants, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, bla CMY-42, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(6)-Id), and other resistance genes (mcr-1, mph(A), erm(B), dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB).

The study identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Greek pigs, with a focus on resistance mechanisms involving bla CTX-M1/15, bla TEM, and bla SHV genes, as well as resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides, and colistin.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-30, and bla SHV-12, along with a variety of other AMR genes such as aadA5, aph(3''-Ib), aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, qnrB1, tet(A), mph(A), qacE∆, and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Enterobacterales isolated from hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants.

The study identifies that the plasmid pKSR100 confers a broader range of antimicrobial resistance compared to pAPR100, contributing to its greater epidemiological success. pKSR100 carries more AMR genes, including those for macrolides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines, while pAPR100 has fewer AMR genes, primarily for macrolides, beta-lactams, and tetracyclines.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identified various beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli strains in South Australian grey-headed flying fox pups, including resistance genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, blaTEM-33, blaCMY-2, dfrA17, aadA5, dfrA5, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and catA1.

The study identified bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla OXA-1 genes in ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli isolates from New Zealand dairy farms, highlighting the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Indiana isolates, including bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-28, bla CTX-M-79, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and mcr-1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Escherichia coli ST410, including bla OXA-181, bla NDM-5, bla CTX-M-15, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.

The study reports the draft genome sequences of seven multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from river water, identifying various antibiotic resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study describes an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) E. coli ST361 isolate co-carrying bla KPC-3, bla NDM-5, and various other resistance genes on multiple plasmids, showing resistance to nearly all antibiotics except tigecycline, colistin, and fosfomycin.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from condemned broiler carcasses, including beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-220, bla TEM-106, bla TEM-135, bla TEM-126, bla TEM-127), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul 2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph (6)-Id, aph (3")-Ib, aph (3')-Ia, aad A1, aad A5, aac (3)- Via), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfr A1, dfr A14, dfr A15, dfr A17), tetracycline resistance genes (tet (A), tet (B)), and a macrolide resistance gene (mdf (A)).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study presents a Cross-Validated Feature Selection (CVFS) approach for identifying the most parsimonious gene sets for predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from bacterial pan-genomes. The CVFS approach was able to extract both known and novel AMR genes, demonstrating its effectiveness in selecting relevant features for AMR prediction.

The paper discusses the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bivalve molluscs, highlighting the spread of resistance to various antibiotics such as colistin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. It emphasizes the role of bivalve aquacultures in the dissemination of ARGs and the potential risks to human health through the food chain.

The study reports an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. among MSM in Barcelona, primarily due to the spread of XDR ESBL-producing S. sonnei and MDR ESBL-producing S. flexneri. Key AMR genes identified include bla CTX-M-27, mph(A), erm(B), dfrA17, sul1, and aadA5, along with fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (S83L) and parC (S80I).

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-4, aadA5, catA1, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-55, dfrA17, fosA, mph(A), rmtB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, bla TEM-1B, and bla CMY-48, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in different bacterial strains.

The study identified various AMR genes in sepsis-causing bacteria, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of AMR in these pathogens.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in an extensively drug-resistant Shigella flexneri 2a isolate, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, mph(A), qnrS1, tet(B), dfrA17, sul1, and gyrA D87N+S83L, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of these genes and guided effective treatment with fosfomycin.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM-1b as the primary genes responsible for third-generation cephalosporin resistance in E. coli isolates from European soldiers in Mali. Additionally, several quinolone resistance genes including qnrS1, gyrA S83L, gyrA D87N, parE S458T, parE S458A, and parC S80I were found. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was mediated by sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, and dfrA17. Gentamicin resistance was associated with aph6-Id, aph3-Ib, aac3-IId, aadA5, and aac6-Ib-cr5. Tetracycline resistance was conferred by tetA, tetB, and tetD.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of travelers returning to the UK, highlighting the association with colonization by pathogenic E. coli. Key findings include the prevalence of genes conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant ST648 Escherichia coli isolate carrying bla(KPC-2) and bla(CTX-M-15) genes, along with other resistance genes such as tet(B), mdf(A), mph(A), dfrA17, aadA5, and sul1.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including strA/strB, blaTEM, tetB, aphA1, dfrA14, dfrA17, and cat1, which contribute to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meats in Japan.

Urinary E. coli plasmids reduce permissivity to coliphage infection. Specific plasmid-encoded genes such as bla TEM-1B, aadA5, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, tet(B), sul2, dfrA17, mph(A), qacE, catB3, traT, and senB contribute to antibiotic resistance and phage resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from Australian urine samples, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-28, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA1, dfrB4, tetA, tetB, mphA, cmlA1, cmlA5, catB3, sat2, qnrD1, fosA7, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aph(3')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, ant(3'')-IIa, intI1, and intI2. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptothricin, quinolones, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study reports a case of extensively drug-resistant Shigella sonnei infection in an immunocompromised patient, highlighting the challenge of identifying XDR strains using traditional microbiological methods and emphasizing the need for whole-genome sequencing for accurate diagnosis. The isolate exhibited resistance to all first-line antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone, and carried several AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-27, qnrB19, mph(A), sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA17, and tet(A).

The study identified beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), amphenicol resistance gene (floR), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17), and MLS resistance genes (Inu(F), erm(B), mph(A)) in E. coli isolates from coyotes and wild hogs. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in ampC, gyrA, parC, and parE were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics.

The study evaluates the impact of various de novo assembly and read correction tools on the identification of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, plasmids, and virulence factors in clinical Escherichia coli isolates using Oxford Nanopore sequencing. It highlights the effectiveness of Flye and Canu in detecting AMR genes and the importance of read correction tools like Medaka and Racon in improving assembly quality and AMR gene detection.

The study identified AMR genes blaCTX-M-15, sul1, dfrA12, and dfrA17 in ST131 E. coli isolates from children with UTIs, and mutations in gyrA and parC that confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

This review discusses the molecular basis of challenges to effective treatment of UPEC-associated urinary tract infections, focusing on virulence factors and antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

The study identified the presence of class I integrons and ESBLs, particularly bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV, in uropathogenic E. coli isolates from Kerman, Iran. Additionally, various gene cassettes such as dfrA17-aadA5, aadA1-dfrA1, and others were detected, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified the presence of class I integrons and ESBLs, particularly bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV, in uropathogenic E. coli isolates from Kerman, Iran. Additionally, various gene cassettes such as dfrA17-aadA5, aadA1-dfrA1, and others were detected, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, and others, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and quinolones. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in gyrA and parC were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes carried on IncF plasmids in MDR ExPEC strains, including bla TEM-1, aac(3)-IId, tet(A), aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ib, mphA, sul1, sul2, aadA5, dfrA17, strAB, qacEdelta1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, catB3, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-27, and aac(6')-Ib-cr5. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla SHV12, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-106, and bla TEM-126, which confer resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), aadA5, aadA2b, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA12, mph(A), cmlA1, catA2, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, and lnu(F) were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from clams in the Central Adriatic.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli ST1193 strains causing early-onset sepsis in neonates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, mph(A), aac(6')-Ib-cr, dfrA17, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aph(3”)-Ib, sul2, catB3, sitABCD, tet(B), and blaTEM-1B, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacterial positive blood cultures using nanopore sequencing, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in detecting resistance mechanisms and pathogens quickly.

The study identifies 54 AMR genes and three AMR gene cassettes in the plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolate S1467, contributing to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant E. coli ST69 strain carrying the bla(CTX-M-27) gene on a hybrid plasmid, along with various other antibiotic resistance genes such as aminoglycoside, macrolide, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes, including class 1 integrons and bla TEM genes, in koalas and Pteropid bats before, during, and after wildfires. The presence of these genes was influenced by factors such as fire-impact, captivity, and antibiotic usage.

The study characterizes the plasmidome associated with Gram-negative bloodstream infections, revealing that most isolates carry a large plasmid from a small number of plasmid groups. These plasmids often carry multiple antibiotic resistance, virulence, and heavy metal resistance genes. The research highlights the potential for high-risk plasmid backbones to acquire and spread ARGs, emphasizing the need for broader surveillance strategies beyond traditional AMR-focused studies.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including blaTEM, blaCTX, dfrA1, dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA1-catB2-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5, aadA1, aadA5, catB2, catB3, and mutations in gyrA, parC, gyrB, and parE associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including blaTEM, blaCTX, dfrA1, dfrA1-aadA1, dfrA1-catB2-aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5, aadA1, aadA5, catB2, catB3, and mutations in gyrA, parC, gyrB, and parE associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several epidemic plasmid subtypes carrying extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC-R) genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2, which are responsible for the global dissemination of ESC-R in Escherichia coli.

The review discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli, focusing on the role of beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, and other resistance genes. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae isolates from RACFs, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA-1, bla SHV-1, bla SHV-27, bla CTX-M-14), fluoroquinolone resistance determinant qnrB4, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance determinants dfrA17 and sul1. Mutations in ompK35, ompK37, prmA, pmrB, eptA, and parC were also found to contribute to resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients and the hospital environment, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, and various aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes. Additionally, PMQR genes like qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrB4, and qepA4 were detected, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla DHA-1 as the primary genes conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Enterobacterales isolated from healthy Tunisian individuals. Additional resistance mechanisms included aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and quinolone resistance genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pan-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others. These genes were found on the chromosome and contributed to the isolates' resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, tet(A), qnrS1, and others, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance in the region.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in uropathogenic E. coli isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and marR were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations in PmrB, CyaA, GlpT, PtsI, and UhpT were linked to fosfomycin resistance.

The study identifies numerous AMR genes in oral and fecal SAGs, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms such as efflux pumps, quinolone resistance proteins, dihydrofolate reductases, erythromycin ribosome methyltransferases, and aminoglycoside phosphotransferases.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild animals, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-55, bla EC-1982), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aadA2, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetA), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance genes (mphB, lnuF, ermC, mefC), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrB5, qnrS1, qnrS2), and others. Additionally, point mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Shigella isolates from Fujian Province, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-64), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, ermB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aph(3')-Ib, aac(3)-IId), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), and sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17).

The study identifies a clonal expansion of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei (genotype 3.6.1.1.2) with resistance to multiple antibiotics, including ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from healthy puerperant women, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1C, bla DHA-1, bla CTX-M-27, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA5, dfrA17), and a fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA).

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and MRSA isolates from cattle in Austria, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla CTX-M-9, bla TEM, tet (A), tet (B), dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul2, sul3, aadA1, aadA2, floR, cmlA, aphA, and bla ACT. Additionally, the MRSA isolate carried the mecA gene, indicating methicillin resistance.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 as the most prevalent ESBL gene in both human and animal E. coli isolates, along with other resistance genes such as bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, and various aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli and C. freundii, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene, along with additional resistance genes such as qnrS1, sul1, aadA5, dfrA17, and mph(A). These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the spread of multidrug-resistant strains in dairy farms in southern Türkiye.

The study developed a LAMP panel to detect and determine antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli in urine samples, focusing on resistance genes such as blaTEM1-β, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, sul2, dfrA17, and hlyA.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, including blaZ, grlA, grlB, gyrA, mecA, ermC, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aadA5, blaCTX-M-27, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides.

The study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game, highlighting the prevalence of various AMR genes and mutations across different bacterial species.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates, including blaTEM-1, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, ant(2")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, qnrA1, qnrB19, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, cmlA1, and cmlA5, which confer resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies bla CTX-M-15, qnrS1, dfrA17, aadA5, and sul1 as key AMR genes in ESBL-positive ETEC clones circulating in aquatic environments and in patients.

The study identifies several clinically relevant AMR genes, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla VIM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA5, dfrA17, mph(A)), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), and sulfonamide resistance gene (sul1), which were found in anthropogenically affected lettuce samples. These genes were associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae and were capable of horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from raw milk in Gujarat, India, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, efflux pumps, folate pathway antagonists, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and tetracycline resistance genes.

H. pylori eradication led to the enrichment of various AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, macrolide phosphotransferases, erythromycin ribosome methyltransferases, sulfonamide resistance proteins, tetracycline efflux pumps, dihydrofolate reductase, quaternary ammonium compound efflux pumps, and aminoglycoside phosphotransferases. Additionally, genomic mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli from wastewater samples in Finland, highlighting the prevalence of blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, and other resistance determinants.

The study presents a rapid whole-genome sequencing workflow (LC-WGS) for diagnosing bloodstream infections, demonstrating accurate identification of bacterial pathogens and detection of clinically relevant resistance markers within 4.2 hours. The workflow successfully identified various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla DHA-1, bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, armA, mecA, vanRSHAXYZ, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-I, sul1, and dfrA17.