Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

embA

arabinosyltransferase

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to embA

Browse AMR rules for embA

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: mutational resistance to ethambutol
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Drug Classes: Ethambutol, EMB
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis
Geographic Location: Australia|Belgium|Canada|China|Germany|Italy|Netherlands|Pakistan|Peru|Russia|Serbia|South Africa|Spain|Swaziland|Thailand|UK, Brazil|Mato Grosso, Germany, India, Pakistan +1 more
Papers: 27
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 31

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
M306I	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ethambutol	Reslit	Candidate
G5S	-	single resistance variant	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ethambutol	Card Database	Established
G321S	-	single resistance variant	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ethambutol

Papers27

1

Comparative Genome Analysis of 2 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains from Pakistan: Insights Globally Into Drug Resistance, Virulence, and Niche Adaptation.

PMID 30083049 · 2018

The study identified drug-resistant genes such as katG, inhA, fabG, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, embA, embB, embC, ethA, gyrA, gyrB, tlyA, and gidB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains mnpk and swlpk, indicating resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, ethionamide, ofloxacin, capreomycin, and streptomycin.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: arabinosyltransferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutational resistance to ethambutol
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Pakistan
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Sequence Accession: KY271751|KY287640

2

Prediction of Susceptibility to First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs by DNA Sequencing.

PMID 30280646 · 2018

The study demonstrates that whole-genome sequencing can accurately predict susceptibility to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, by identifying mutations in specific genes associated with drug resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: Embryonic protein A
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: Resistance to ethambutol via alteration of the target enzyme
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Geographic Location: Australia|Belgium|Canada|China|Germany|Italy|Netherlands|Pakistan|Peru|Russia|Serbia|South Africa|Spain|Swaziland|Thailand|UK
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing

3

Correlation of drug resistance with single nucleotide variations through genome analysis and experimental validation in a multi-drug resistant clinical isolate of M. tuberculosis.

PMID 32711461 · 2020

The study identifies specific SNVs in the rpoB gene that contribute to rifampicin resistance and an intergenic variation affecting the expression of embAB, leading to ethambutol resistance in the MDR clinical isolate VPCI591.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: EmbA
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: enhanced expression of embAB
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: India
Validation Method: quantitative PCR
Sequence Accession: SRX5802345|PRJNA540936|SAMN11568242

4

Genetic diversification of persistent Mycobacterium abscessus within cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID 34546836 · 2021

The study identifies several genes and mutations in Mycobacterium abscessus associated with resistance to various antibiotics and virulence, highlighting the genetic diversity and adaptability of the bacterium during chronic infection in cystic fibrosis patients.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: Probable arabinosyltransferase A
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: resistance
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium abscessus
Geographic Location: Germany
Validation Method: non-synonymous SNVs
Sequence Accession: NC010397.1|ERS4791737

5

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains isolated from bovine in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

PMID 36467663 · 2022

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains from Mato Grosso, Brazil, including resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ethionamide, fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, capreomycin, paraminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, bedaquiline, linezolid, and delamanid.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: ethambutol resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis
Geographic Location: Brazil|Mato Grosso
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Sequence Accession: SRR15649877|SRR15649878|SRR15649879|SRR15649880|SAMN21018175|SAMN21018176|SAMN21018177|SAMN21018178|JAIOHE000000000|JAIOHF000000000|JAIOHG000000000|JAIOHH000000000|ERR3445501|ERR3445502|ERR3445503|ERR3445504|SRR10997360|SRR10997362|SRR10997361|SRR13046675|SRR12511761|SRR9850830

6

Selection of Multi-Drug Targets against Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR1219 Using the Hyperbolic Mapping of the Protein Interaction Network.

PMID 37762354 · 2023

The study identifies several drug targets (DTs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR1219 using hyperbolic mapping of the protein interaction network. Key DTs include rpsA, rpsL, embB, embA, fbiC, fbiB, rpoB, dnaK, rpoA, rpoC, rpoZ, ddl, alr, pbpB, rplD, rplC, rmlC, Isr2, tlyA, pknB, dprE1, fas, accD1, accE5, Rv0200, galE3, pks5, msl3, phoP, dacB2, pknI, echA19, ltp3, and Rv3520c, which are involved in various metabolic pathways and are targeted by different antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: arabinosyltransferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: hyperbolic mapping of protein interaction network

7

Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach.

PMID 37886522 · 2023

The study identifies numerous genetic mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, and linezolid. These findings enhance the understanding of AMR mechanisms and support the development of more accurate diagnostics and treatment strategies.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: EmbA
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: Mutations in embA disrupt the synthesis of mycolic acids, leading to resistance to ethambutol.
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: five continents
Validation Method: Multivariable linear mixed model analysis of WGS and MIC data

8

Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach.

PMID 38216576 · 2024

The study identifies numerous genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including mutations in genes such as katG, rpoB, inhA, fabG1, embA, embB, gyrA, gyrB, rrs, and eis, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: embryonic cell wall synthesis protein
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutations
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: five continents
Validation Method: quantitative microtiter plate assay

9

Novel strategies for the detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 8761726 · 1996

The paper discusses the identification of genes and mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, focusing on isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin, ethambutol, and fluoroquinolones.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embA
Allele: embA
Encodes: Putative operon involved in the arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan biosynthesis
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: mutation analysis