Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

embR

transcriptional regulator

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to embR

Browse AMR rules for embR

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: mutation in the gene leads to resistance to ethambutol
Validation Method: machine learning and structural analysis
Drug Classes: Ethambutol
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium bovis
Geographic Location: Belarus|South Africa|South Korea|India, China, Egypt|France|Algeria|South Africa, Europe|Africa|South East Asia|Western Pacific|Americas, Stockholm, Sweden|Antwerp, Belgium
Alleles: 2
Papers: 10
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 24

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
V7G	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ethambutol	ResFinder Database	Established
C110Y	-	single resistance variant	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Ethambutol	Card DatabaseReslit	Confirmed
D107N	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Allele Variants2

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
embR	Reslit	5	Ethambutol	Mycobacterium tuberculosis +2	Belarus\|South Africa\|South Korea\|India, China, Egypt\|France\|Algeria\|South Africa, Europe\|Africa\|South East Asia\|Western Pacific\|Americas, Stockholm, Sweden\|Antwerp, Belgium	2018, 2022, 2024, 2025	CP107719\|SRR22164027	-
EmbR	Reslit	1	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	-	2021	-	-

Papers10

1

Machine learning and structural analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pan-genome identifies genetic signatures of antibiotic resistance.

PMID 30333483 · 2018

The study identifies 33 known AMR genes and 24 new genetic signatures of AMR in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using machine learning and structural analysis. It also reveals 97 epistatic interactions across 10 resistance classes and provides mechanistic insights into the selection of these genes.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embR
Allele: embR
Encodes: transcriptional regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutation in the gene leads to resistance to ethambutol
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Belarus|South Africa|South Korea|India
Validation Method: machine learning and structural analysis

2

Computational prediction and validation of specific EmbR binding site on PknH.

PMID 34901481 · 2021

The study identifies a specific binding site on PknH for EmbR, revealing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embR
Allele: EmbR
Encodes: transcriptional regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: molecular simulation and biolayer interferometry

3

Comparative genome analysis reveals high-level drug resistance markers in a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum MF GZ001.

PMID 36683685 · 2022

The study identifies multiple drug resistance markers in the clinical isolate of Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp. fortuitum MF GZ001, including mutations in genes such as rpoB, katG, AAC(2')-Ib, gyrA, gyrB, embB, pncA, thyA, embC, embR, and iniA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embR
Allele: embR
Encodes: regulatory protein for embB
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: involved in ethambutol resistance
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium fortuitum
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: mutation analysis and drug susceptibility testing
Sequence Accession: CP107719|SRR22164027

4

Genetic diversities and drug resistance in Mycobacterium bovis isolates from zoonotic tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing.

PMID 39487429 · 2024

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium bovis isolates, including resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, pyrazinamide, d-cycloserine, rifampin, delamanid, and para-aminosalicylic acid.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embR
Allele: embR
Encodes: transcriptional regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: ethambutol resistance
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium bovis
Geographic Location: Egypt|France|Algeria|South Africa
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and mutation analysis
Sequence Accession: SAMN37519983|SAMN37519961|SAMN37519964|SAMN38024412|SAMN37519969|PRJNA1019495

5

Leveraging large-scale Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequence data to characterise drug-resistant mutations using machine learning and statistical approaches.

PMID 39511309 · 2024

The study identifies several genes and mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including pncA, ethA, ndh, mshA, embR, rpoB, inhA, gyrA, and Rv0678, along with their respective mutations that confer resistance to pyrazinamide, ethionamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, and clofazimine.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embR
Allele: embR
Encodes: embryonic protein R
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Europe|Africa|South East Asia|Western Pacific|Americas
Validation Method: association analysis with resistance phenotypes

6

Interred mechanisms of resistance and host immune evasion revealed through network-connectivity analysis of M. tuberculosis complex graph pangenome.

PMID 40261029 · 2025

The study identified paralogous duplications of mmpL5 associated with bedaquiline resistance and embR associated with ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name: embR
Allele: embR
Encodes: transcriptional regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethambutol
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Stockholm, Sweden|Antwerp, Belgium
Validation Method: paralogous duplication observed in 96 isolates
Sequence Accession: PRJNA555636|PRJEB8783