erm(B)
23S RNA methylases
Overview
- Drug Classes
- macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin b, erythromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, clindamycin, macrolide, lincosamide
- Organisms
- Clostridium difficile 630, Escherichia coli DH5α, Enterococcus faecalis +14 more
- Alleles
- 2
- Papers
- 18
- Mutations
- 1
| Nucleotide Change | Protein Change | Type | Effect on Function | Resistance To | Year | Paper | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2058G | - | - | - | azithromycin|clarithromycin | 2003 | Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates. PMID: 12604536 | Not Validated |
| Allele | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erm(B) | 10 | macrolides, lincosamides +6 | Clostridium difficile 630 +9 | Europe, Denmark, Italy, Canada|United States|Poland|United Kingdom|France|Japan|The Netherlands, Portugal, Asia|Australasia | 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006 | Not Validated |
| ErmB | 8 | erythromycin, azithromycin +5 | Enterococcus faecalis +10 | Spain, Alabama|South Carolina|Tennessee, Europe|North America|Asia, Hong Kong, United States, Japan, Ontario, Canada|Finland|Houston, Texas | 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2023 | Not Validated |
The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant from Clostridium difficile 630 contains two erm(B) genes.
PMID 10639372 · 2000The study identified two copies of the erm(B) gene in the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant of Clostridium difficile 630, which are separated by a direct repeat sequence.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- 23S RNA methylases
- Validation Method
- DNA sequencing and hybridization analysis
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Macrolide Resistance Genes in Enterococcus spp.
PMID 10722498 · 2000The study identified the presence of ermB and ermA genes in various Enterococcus species, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins. Additionally, a novel gene, msrC, was discovered in Enterococcus faecium, which is proposed to encode a putative ABC transporter involved in macrolide resistance.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- erythromycin ribosomal methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR amplification and sequencing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Use of clindamycin disks To detect macrolide resistance mediated by ermB and mefE in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from adults and children.
PMID 10790089 · 2000The study identified ermB and mefE as major mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with ermB causing high-level resistance to clindamycin and macrolides, while mefE conferred lower-level resistance to macrolides but susceptibility to clindamycin.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- erythromycin resistance methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and MIC testing
Mechanism
target modification
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Linkage of vat(E) and erm(B) in streptogamin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Europe.
PMID 11023445 · 2000The study reports the first evidence of a direct physical linkage between the vat(E) and erm(B) genes in streptogramin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Europe, indicating a conserved genetic element mediating resistance to both streptogramins and macrolides.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance
- Validation Method
- cloning into E. coli DB10 and determination of MICs
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Detection Techniques
PMID 11585788 · 2023The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- erythromycin ribosome methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Indication of transposition of a mobile DNA element containing the vat(D) and erm(B) genes in Enterococcus faecium.
PMID 11600385 · 2001The study identifies the transposition of a mobile DNA element containing the vat(D) and erm(B) genes in Enterococcus faecium, demonstrating their co-transfer and physical linkage.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- streptogramin B, lincosamine, and macrolide resistance
- Validation Method
- PCR and hybridization analysis
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Emergence of group A streptococcus strains with different mechanisms of macrolide resistance.
PMID 11959545 · 2002Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- erythromycin resistance methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and Southern hybridization
Mechanism
ribosomal modification
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Antistreptococcal activity of telithromycin compared with seven other drugs in relation to macrolide resistance mechanisms in Russia.
PMID 12183254 · 2002Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- ribosomal methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Mechanism
ribosomal methylation
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Bactericidal Effect and Pharmacodynamics of Cethromycin (ABT-773) in a Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia Model.
PMID 12234843 · 2002The study identified the presence of mef(A) and erm(B) genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B. Cethromycin demonstrated effective bactericidal activity against both macrolide-susceptible and -resistant isolates.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- ribosome methyltransferase
- Validation Method
- susceptibility testing
Mechanism
confers resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B by methylating the ribosomal target
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
PMID 12821474 · 2003The study identified tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), and mef(E) as the primary genes responsible for tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- erythromycin resistance methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of erythromycin-resistant beta-hemolytic lancefield group G streptococci causing bacteremia.
PMID 14605159 · 2003The study identifies ermTR, ermB, and mef genes as mediators of erythromycin resistance in beta-hemolytic group G streptococci, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of resistance.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- erythromycin resistance methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and DNA sequencing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates from outbreaks in different countries by amplified fragment length polymorphism and PCR ribotyping.
PMID 15004050 · 2004The study identified the erm(B) gene as a mediator of clindamycin resistance in toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance
- Validation Method
- PCR for detection of the erm(B) gene
Mechanism
confers resistance to clindamycin
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Effects of Tylosin Use on Erythromycin Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Swine
PMID 15240302 · 2004The study found that ermB was the primary gene responsible for erythromycin resistance in enterococci isolated from swine, with 95% of resistant isolates carrying this gene.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- erythromycin resistance methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and Southern blotting
Mechanism
target modification
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
The mef(A) Gene Predominates among Seven Macrolide Resistance Genes Identified in Gram-Negative Strains Representing 13 Genera, Isolated from Healthy Portuguese Children.
PMID 15328110 · 2004The study identified seven macrolide resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria from healthy Portuguese children, with mef(A) being the most predominant. The genes included mef(A), erm(B), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), and mph(D).
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- rRNA methylase
- Validation Method
- transconjugation and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Emergence and persistence of macrolide resistance in oropharyngeal flora and elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus after therapy with slow-release clarithromycin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
PMID 15504839 · 2004The study found that treatment with slow-release clarithromycin led to increased macrolide resistance in oropharyngeal flora, with significant rises in ermB and ermC genes in streptococci and staphylococci, respectively.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- target modification
- Validation Method
- PCR and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Characterization of ermB gene transposition by Tn1545 and Tn917 in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.
PMID 15634967 · 2005The study characterizes the ermB gene's role in macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, highlighting its presence on transposons Tn1545 and Tn917, with distinct resistance profiles depending on the transposon type.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR and DNA sequencing
Mechanism
target modification
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Genetic diversity among type emm28 group A Streptococcus strains causing invasive infections and pharyngitis.
PMID 16081955 · 2005The study identified the presence of macrolide resistance genes mefA, ermB, and ermTR in less than 2% of the emm28 group A Streptococcus strains analyzed.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- ErmB
- Encodes
- ribosomal methylase
- Validation Method
- PCR detection of gene presence
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Simultaneous detection of nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae using multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay.
PMID 16377687 · 2006The study developed a multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay to detect nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae, including erm(B), erm(A/TR), mef(A/E), tet(M), tet(O), aphA-3, aad-6, int-Tn, and mreA. These genes were found to be associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- erm(B)
- Allele
- Erm(B)
- Encodes
- ribosomal methylase
- Validation Method
- multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
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