erm(B)

23S RNA methylases

Overview

Drug Classes
macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin b, erythromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, clindamycin, macrolide, lincosamide
Organisms
Clostridium difficile 630, Escherichia coli DH5α, Enterococcus faecalis +14 more
Alleles
2
Papers
18
Mutations
1
Mutations1
Nucleotide ChangeProtein ChangeTypeEffect on FunctionResistance ToYearPaperStatus
A2058G---
azithromycin|clarithromycin
2003

Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates.

PMID: 12604536
Not Validated
Allele Variants2
AllelePapersDrug ClassesOrganismsCountriesYearsStatus
Erm(B)10macrolides, lincosamides +6Clostridium difficile 630 +9Europe, Denmark, Italy, Canada|United States|Poland|United Kingdom|France|Japan|The Netherlands, Portugal, Asia|Australasia2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006Not Validated
ErmB8erythromycin, azithromycin +5Enterococcus faecalis +10Spain, Alabama|South Carolina|Tennessee, Europe|North America|Asia, Hong Kong, United States, Japan, Ontario, Canada|Finland|Houston, Texas2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2023Not Validated
Papers19
1

The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant from Clostridium difficile 630 contains two erm(B) genes.

PMID 10639372 · 2000

The study identified two copies of the erm(B) gene in the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant of Clostridium difficile 630, which are separated by a direct repeat sequence.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
23S RNA methylases
Validation Method
DNA sequencing and hybridization analysis

Confers Resistance To

macrolideslincosamidesstreptogramin b

Organisms Tested In

Clostridium difficile 630
Escherichia coli DH5α
2

Macrolide Resistance Genes in Enterococcus spp.

PMID 10722498 · 2000

The study identified the presence of ermB and ermA genes in various Enterococcus species, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins. Additionally, a novel gene, msrC, was discovered in Enterococcus faecium, which is proposed to encode a putative ABC transporter involved in macrolide resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
erythromycin ribosomal methylase
Validation Method
PCR amplification and sequencing

Confers Resistance To

erythromycinazithromycinspiramycin

Organisms Tested In

Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus durans
Enterococcus avium
Enterococcus hirae
Enterococcus gallinarum
Enterococcus casseliflavus

Isolation Details

Country
Spain
3

Use of clindamycin disks To detect macrolide resistance mediated by ermB and mefE in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from adults and children.

PMID 10790089 · 2000

The study identified ermB and mefE as major mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with ermB causing high-level resistance to clindamycin and macrolides, while mefE conferred lower-level resistance to macrolides but susceptibility to clindamycin.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
erythromycin resistance methylase
Validation Method
PCR and MIC testing

Mechanism

target modification

Confers Resistance To

clindamycinmacrolides

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Isolation Details

Country
Alabama|South Carolina|Tennessee
4

Linkage of vat(E) and erm(B) in streptogamin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Europe.

PMID 11023445 · 2000

The study reports the first evidence of a direct physical linkage between the vat(E) and erm(B) genes in streptogramin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from Europe, indicating a conserved genetic element mediating resistance to both streptogramins and macrolides.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance
Validation Method
cloning into E. coli DB10 and determination of MICs

Confers Resistance To

streptogramin bmacrolidelincosamide

Organisms Tested In

Enterococcus faecium
Escherichia coli DB10

Isolation Details

Country
Europe
5

Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Detection Techniques

PMID 11585788 · 2023

The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
erythromycin ribosome methylase
Validation Method
PCR and sequencing

Confers Resistance To

macrolideslincosamidesstreptogramin b

Organisms Tested In

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes

Isolation Details

Country
Europe|North America|Asia
6

Indication of transposition of a mobile DNA element containing the vat(D) and erm(B) genes in Enterococcus faecium.

PMID 11600385 · 2001

The study identifies the transposition of a mobile DNA element containing the vat(D) and erm(B) genes in Enterococcus faecium, demonstrating their co-transfer and physical linkage.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
streptogramin B, lincosamine, and macrolide resistance
Validation Method
PCR and hybridization analysis

Confers Resistance To

streptogramin bmacrolide

Organisms Tested In

Enterococcus faecium

Isolation Details

Country
Denmark
7

Emergence of group A streptococcus strains with different mechanisms of macrolide resistance.

PMID 11959545 · 2002

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
erythromycin resistance methylase
Validation Method
PCR and Southern hybridization

Mechanism

ribosomal modification

Confers Resistance To

erythromycinazithromycinclindamycin

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pyogenes
8

Antistreptococcal activity of telithromycin compared with seven other drugs in relation to macrolide resistance mechanisms in Russia.

PMID 12183254 · 2002

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
ribosomal methylase
Validation Method
PCR and sequencing

Mechanism

ribosomal methylation

Confers Resistance To

macrolides

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
9

Bactericidal Effect and Pharmacodynamics of Cethromycin (ABT-773) in a Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia Model.

PMID 12234843 · 2002

The study identified the presence of mef(A) and erm(B) genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B. Cethromycin demonstrated effective bactericidal activity against both macrolide-susceptible and -resistant isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
ribosome methyltransferase
Validation Method
susceptibility testing

Mechanism

confers resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B by methylating the ribosomal target

Confers Resistance To

erythromycinazithromycinclindamycin

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
10

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 12821474 · 2003

The study identified tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), and mef(E) as the primary genes responsible for tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
erythromycin resistance methylase
Validation Method
PCR and MIC testing

Confers Resistance To

erythromycin

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Isolation Details

Country
Italy
11

Clinical and molecular epidemiology of erythromycin-resistant beta-hemolytic lancefield group G streptococci causing bacteremia.

PMID 14605159 · 2003

The study identifies ermTR, ermB, and mef genes as mediators of erythromycin resistance in beta-hemolytic group G streptococci, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
erythromycin resistance methylase
Validation Method
PCR and DNA sequencing

Confers Resistance To

erythromycinclindamycin

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

Isolation Details

Country
Hong Kong
12

Characterization of toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates from outbreaks in different countries by amplified fragment length polymorphism and PCR ribotyping.

PMID 15004050 · 2004

The study identified the erm(B) gene as a mediator of clindamycin resistance in toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive Clostridium difficile isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance
Validation Method
PCR for detection of the erm(B) gene

Mechanism

confers resistance to clindamycin

Confers Resistance To

clindamycin

Organisms Tested In

Clostridium difficile

Isolation Details

Country
Canada|United States|Poland|United Kingdom|France|Japan|The Netherlands
13

Effects of Tylosin Use on Erythromycin Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Swine

PMID 15240302 · 2004

The study found that ermB was the primary gene responsible for erythromycin resistance in enterococci isolated from swine, with 95% of resistant isolates carrying this gene.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
erythromycin resistance methylase
Validation Method
PCR and Southern blotting

Mechanism

target modification

Confers Resistance To

macrolideslincosamidesstreptogramin b

Organisms Tested In

Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus durans

Isolation Details

Country
United States
14

The mef(A) Gene Predominates among Seven Macrolide Resistance Genes Identified in Gram-Negative Strains Representing 13 Genera, Isolated from Healthy Portuguese Children.

PMID 15328110 · 2004

The study identified seven macrolide resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria from healthy Portuguese children, with mef(A) being the most predominant. The genes included mef(A), erm(B), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), and mph(D).

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
rRNA methylase
Validation Method
transconjugation and MIC testing

Confers Resistance To

macrolideslincosamidesstreptogramin b

Organisms Tested In

Escherichia coli
Enterococcus faecalis

Isolation Details

Country
Portugal
15

Emergence and persistence of macrolide resistance in oropharyngeal flora and elimination of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus after therapy with slow-release clarithromycin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

PMID 15504839 · 2004

The study found that treatment with slow-release clarithromycin led to increased macrolide resistance in oropharyngeal flora, with significant rises in ermB and ermC genes in streptococci and staphylococci, respectively.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
target modification
Validation Method
PCR and MIC testing

Confers Resistance To

macrolides

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
16

Characterization of ermB gene transposition by Tn1545 and Tn917 in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

PMID 15634967 · 2005

The study characterizes the ermB gene's role in macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, highlighting its presence on transposons Tn1545 and Tn917, with distinct resistance profiles depending on the transposon type.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
methylase
Validation Method
PCR and DNA sequencing

Mechanism

target modification

Confers Resistance To

macrolideslincosamidesstreptogramin b

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Isolation Details

Country
Japan
17

Genetic diversity among type emm28 group A Streptococcus strains causing invasive infections and pharyngitis.

PMID 16081955 · 2005

The study identified the presence of macrolide resistance genes mefA, ermB, and ermTR in less than 2% of the emm28 group A Streptococcus strains analyzed.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
ErmB
Encodes
ribosomal methylase
Validation Method
PCR detection of gene presence

Confers Resistance To

macrolides

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pyogenes

Isolation Details

Country
Ontario, Canada|Finland|Houston, Texas
18

Simultaneous detection of nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae using multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay.

PMID 16377687 · 2006

The study developed a multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay to detect nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae, including erm(B), erm(A/TR), mef(A/E), tet(M), tet(O), aphA-3, aad-6, int-Tn, and mreA. These genes were found to be associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

Gene Information

Gene Name
erm(B)
Allele
Erm(B)
Encodes
ribosomal methylase
Validation Method
multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay

Confers Resistance To

macrolideslincosamidesstreptogramin b

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus agalactiae

Isolation Details

Country
Asia|Australasia
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