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floR

florfenicol resistance gene

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to floR

Browse AMR rules for floR

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: efflux
Validation Method: experimental validation
Drug Classes: chloramphenicol, florfenicol
Organisms: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, Photobacterium damsela, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, Vibrio cholerae O139, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae O1
Geographic Location: Asia, Asia|United States, Belgium, Canada|France|Belgium|Scotland, Czech Republic +5 more
Alleles: 2
Papers: 10
Databases: Reslit

Allele Variants2

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
FloR	Reslit	8	chloramphenicol, florfenicol	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 +6	Asia\|United States, France\|Germany, Canada\|France\|Belgium\|Scotland, Asia, Italy, Czech Republic, Laos, Belgium	2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004	AF231986	-

Papers10

1

Changes in antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.

PMID 10905990 · 2000

The study identifies the chloramphenicol resistance gene floR and the tetracycline resistance gene tet(G) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, suggesting their origin in aquatic bacteria and horizontal transfer.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: florfenicol resistance gene
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicolflorfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104
• Photobacterium damsela
Geographic Location: Asia|United States
Validation Method: experimental validation

2

Plasmid-mediated florfenicol resistance encoded by the floR gene in Escherichia coli isolated from cattle.

PMID 10991873 · 2000

The study identified the floR gene as responsible for plasmid-mediated florfenicol resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from cattle.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: florfenicol resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: florfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: France|Germany
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: AF231986

3

Characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in Escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea.

PMID 11101601 · 2000

The study identifies the flo gene as a mediator of nonenzymatic cross-resistance to both chloramphenicol and florfenicol in bovine E. coli isolates, along with the cmlA gene for chloramphenicol resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: flo
Encodes: nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance via an efflux mechanism
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: efflux
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicolflorfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: United States
Validation Method: PCR and MIC testing
Sequence Accession: AF252855

4

Complete nucleotide sequence of a 43-kilobase genomic island associated with the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and its identification in phage type DT120 and serovar Agona.

PMID 11544236 · 2001

The study characterizes the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, identifying genes such as aadA2, floR, qacE delta1, sulI delta1, and tet(G) that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicolflorfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104
• Salmonella enterica serovar Agona
Geographic Location: Canada|France|Belgium|Scotland
Validation Method: cloning and sequencing
Sequence Accession: AF261825

5

Molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance gene clusters in vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins.

PMID 11600347 · 2001

The study identifies the antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins, including floR, strA, strB, sulII, and dfr18, which confer resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, respectively.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: Florfenicol exporter
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Vibrio cholerae O139
Geographic Location: Asia
Validation Method: cloning and sequencing
Sequence Accession: AY034138|AY035340|AF375956

6

Characterization of chloramphenicol resistance in beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in neonatal swine.

PMID 11825947 · 2002

The study identified the cmlA, flo, and cat-2 genes as mediators of chloramphenicol resistance in beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal swine. cmlA and flo encode efflux pumps, while cat-2 encodes a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: flo
Encodes: chloramphenicol efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicolflorfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Oklahoma
Validation Method: PCR detection and MIC testing

7

Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Salmonella Genomic Island 1 in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated in Italy.

PMID 12183234 · 2002

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes and the presence of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from Italy. Key resistance genes include aadA2, pse-1, floR, tetA, and tetR, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: genomic island gene
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicolflorfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Geographic Location: Italy
Validation Method: Southern blot hybridization and PCR
Sequence Accession: AF261825

8

Evolution of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated in the Czech Republic between 1984 and 2002.

PMID 12760885 · 2003

The study identifies the aadA21 gene, a novel variant of the aadA gene, and other resistance genes such as blaPSE-1, floR, sul1, and tetG in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains from the Czech Republic between 1984 and 2002.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: fluoroquinolone resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Geographic Location: Czech Republic
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Sequence Accession: AY171244

9

Antibiotic Resistance Conferred by a Class I Integron and SXT Constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains Isolated in Laos.

PMID 15215082 · 2004

The study identifies the presence of a class I integron with the aadA1 gene cassette and an SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from Laos, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics including streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: chloramphenicol resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Vibrio cholerae O1
Geographic Location: Laos
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: AB115497

10

Salmonella genomic island 1 multidrug resistance gene clusters in Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolated in Belgium in 1992 to 2002.

PMID 15215102 · 2004

The study identifies various multidrug resistance gene clusters in Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, including SGI1-A, SGI1-G, and several deletion variants. Key genes include floR, aadA2, pse-1, dfrA10, and orf513, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: floR
Allele: FloR
Encodes: chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance gene
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: chloramphenicolflorfenicol
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica serovar Agona
Geographic Location: Belgium
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: AY434091|AY434092|AY434093