The study identified the floR gene as responsible for plasmid-mediated florfenicol resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from cattle.

The study identifies the flo gene as a mediator of nonenzymatic cross-resistance to both chloramphenicol and florfenicol in bovine E. coli isolates, along with the cmlA gene for chloramphenicol resistance.

The study characterizes the multidrug resistance region of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, identifying genes such as aadA2, floR, qacE delta1, sulI delta1, and tet(G) that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies the antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio cholerae O139 and O1 SXT constins, including floR, strA, strB, sulII, and dfr18, which confer resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified the cmlA, flo, and cat-2 genes as mediators of chloramphenicol resistance in beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal swine. cmlA and flo encode efflux pumps, while cat-2 encodes a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase.

The study identified the floR gene as a florfenicol resistance gene in the SXT element, which is involved in the export of florfenicol. Deletion of floR resulted in decreased resistance, and complementation restored the resistance phenotype.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes and the presence of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from Italy. Key resistance genes include aadA2, pse-1, floR, tetA, and tetR, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified the cephamycinase gene bla CMY2 and the florfenicol resistance gene flo as significant contributors to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from dogs. Additionally, the gene cassettes aadA5 and dfrA17 were found to confer resistance to spectinomycin and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identifies the aadA21 gene, a novel variant of the aadA gene, and other resistance genes such as blaPSE-1, floR, sul1, and tetG in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains from the Czech Republic between 1984 and 2002.

The study identifies the presence of a class I integron with the aadA1 gene cassette and an SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from Laos, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics including streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies various multidrug resistance gene clusters in Salmonella enterica serovar Agona, including SGI1-A, SGI1-G, and several deletion variants. Key genes include floR, aadA2, pse-1, dfrA10, and orf513, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies AcrAB-TolC as a critical efflux system responsible for multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, along with the roles of floR and tet(G) in resistance to chloramphenicol-florfenicol and tetracyclines, respectively.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates causing traveler's diarrhea, including blaTEM, blaOXA-1, tetA, tetB, tetG, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, floR, cmlA, and a mutation in the gyrA gene. These genes and mutations contribute to resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and quinolones.

The study identifies FloR as a phenicol-specific efflux pump belonging to the major facilitator superfamily, which confers resistance to chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol.

The study characterizes the floR gene, which confers resistance to florfenicol in Escherichia coli through an active efflux mechanism. An anti-FloR antibody was developed to detect the FloR protein, enhancing florfenicol accumulation and susceptibility in resistant strains.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes associated with multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage types DT104, DT102, and U302, including pse, floR, str, sulI, tetG, and spvC.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA, tet(A), tet(B), sulI, sulII, and floR, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance genes carried by an IncA/C plasmid in Atlantic Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, including aadA7, floR, tetA, sulII, strA, strB, blaCMY-2, and a mercury resistance operon.

The study identifies SGI2, a genomic island in Salmonella enterica serovar Emek, which contains the cmlA9 and floR genes conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tetracycline. SGI2 has an independent origin from SGI1, with the integron located in a different position and showing sequence differences in the backbone.

The study discusses the origin of the florfenicol resistance gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104, suggesting it originated from aquaculture environments through horizontal gene transfer from fish pathogens like Vibrio damsela and Pasteurella piscicida.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Shigella and Salmonella isolates, including bla-oxa-1-like, bla-tem-like, dfrA1, dfrA14-like, tetB, tetA, floR, cmlA, and cat, which confer resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified a high prevalence of multidrug-tolerant bacteria and various antimicrobial resistance genes in ornamental fish and their carriage water, highlighting the potential risk of resistance gene spread through the aquatic environment.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater effluents, including dfrA1, dfr18, floR, sul2, strB, and tetA, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline.

The study characterizes several efflux pumps in Acinetobacter spp., including AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeFGH, CraA, AmvA, AbeM, AbeS, AdeXYZ, AdeDE, TetA, TetB, CmlA, FloR, and QacE, which contribute to multidrug resistance by expelling antibiotics and other compounds.

The study identifies bla CMY-2, dfrA12, orfF, aadA2, floR, and mer as resistance genes carried by IncA/C plasmids in Salmonella Typhimurium ST213, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Korea, including bla PSE, bla TEM, cat1, cat2, floR, strA, strB, aadA, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetC, and tetG.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from animals, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M-2, bla CMY-2, strA-strB, aadA, aphA1, aadB, cat, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identified resistance genes strA, strB, sul2, dfrA1, and floR in the Haiti V. cholerae O1 outbreak strain, along with mutations in gyrA (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser85Leu) contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from retail meats, including bla CMY, cmlA, flo, catI, and mutations in gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterizes the transcriptome of pAR060302, a blaCMY-2-positive IncA/C plasmid, highlighting the transcription of resistance genes such as blaCMY-2, aadA, aacA, and floR, which confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and phenicols, respectively.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes within the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), including aadA2, blaPSE-1, floR, qacEΔ1sulΔ1, qacEΔ1sul1, and tet(G). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study identifies several AMR genes on the plasmid pAQU1, including bla CARB-9 -like, floR, mef (A)-like, sul2, tet (M), and tet (B), which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline.

The study presents ResFinder, a web-based tool for identifying acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in whole-genome data. It successfully identifies resistance genes with high accuracy and agrees with phenotypic testing. The tool detects various resistance genes across different bacterial species, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others.

The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in plasmids from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla CMY, aadA, aadB, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, floR, cmlA, dfrA1, dfrA12, and aacC.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in Nigeria, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as floR, sul2, dfrA1, and strAB, along with quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser85Leu).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aadA1, floR, dfrA14, sulI, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in Iran. These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, respectively. Additionally, a single mutation in the gyrA gene was found to confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identified multiple AMR genes including blaTEM, floR, tetA, strA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Indiana and Enteritidis from chickens in Eastern China.

The study identifies the spread of CMY-2, CMY-41, and CMY-64 beta-lactamase genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli from food animals in China, highlighting the role of IncA/C plasmids in their transfer and the coexistence of other resistance genes such as qnrS1, floR, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr, oqxA, and rmtB.

The study identified bla TEM-1, tet(B), tet(A), cmlA, floR, and aacC2 as key antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from canine urinary tract infections, along with mutations in gyrA and parC conferring fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(A), aphA1, blaTEM, and floR, which were transduced by phages isolated from chicken meat, highlighting the role of bacteriophages in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance.

The study characterizes a 7.7 kb mobilizable plasmid (pM3446F) from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae that confers resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol through the floR gene, which encodes an efflux pump. The plasmid was successfully transferred to other Pasteurellaceae species.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study shows that multi-drug resistance plasmids pAQU1 and IncFIB can persist in bacterial populations under very low selective pressure, including in non-culturable states. The plasmids retain their resistance genes, such as tet(M), tet(B), floR, mph(A)-like, mef(A)-like, and sul2, which confer resistance to tetracycline, florfenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified a bla ROB-1 gene in an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of M. haemolytica, which had a single nucleotide substitution leading to a non-functional gene and sensitivity to ampicillin.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes within SXT elements in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in China, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including oqxAB, bla CTX-M, aac(6')-Ib-cr, floR, qnrS1, rmtB, fosA3, pcoA, and silE, on ST3-IncHI2 plasmids from E. coli isolates of food-producing animals, highlighting the co-spreading of metal and antibiotic resistance.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study reports the identification of several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Bardo strain, including strA, strB, cmy-94, floR, sulII, tet(A), and aac6-Iy.

The study identifies the bla NDM-1 gene as a major cause of carbapenem resistance in Vibrio fluvialis isolates from Kolkata, India. Several additional resistance genes, including aadA1, aadB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, sul3, floR, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-7, bla OXA-9, bla TEM-9, bla CTX-M-3, strA, and tetB, were also characterized.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Mannheimia haemolytica, particularly in genotype 2, subtype 2b isolates, which are associated with the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease and contain various combinations of resistance genes.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene in PMQR-carrying ST34 Salmonella isolates from animals in China, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and floR.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The review discusses the impact of antimicrobial usage in beef production on the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bovine pathogens. It highlights the role of antimicrobial use in promoting AMR, particularly in respiratory and liver abscess pathogens, and emphasizes the need for judicious use to mitigate risks to both animal and human health.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella isolates from pigs in China, highlighting its association with colistin resistance. Additionally, the study reports the presence of floR and oqxAB genes, which confer resistance to florfenicol and olaquindox/ciprofloxacin, respectively.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt, including blaTEM, aadA2, floR, cat1, sul1, sul3, tetC, tetA, and intI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus-like isolates from cattle carrying the blaOXA-23 gene, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, strA/B, aph(3')-Ic, sul2, floR, tet(A), tet(Y), aadA1, aadB, sul1, and tet(X).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from Saudi Arabia, including carb-like, dfrA1, floR, tetA, and mutations in gyrA and parC genes associated with resistance to beta-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle and humans in New York and Washington States, highlighting the role of geographic and source-specific factors in AMR dissemination.

The study reports the first identification of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) in a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Morganella morganii subsp. morganii, carrying resistance genes dfrA15, floR, tetA(G), blaCARB-2, and sul1, conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ticarcillin, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identifies a 3.9 kb plasmid, p518, carrying the floR gene, which confers resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The plasmid lacks mobilization genes and is not transferable by conjugation or natural transformation.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study characterized IncA/C2 plasmids carrying In809-like integrons from Enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin, identifying several AMR genes including blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaIMP-38, sul2, floR, aac(3)-IId, qnrA1, arr-3, dfrA12, aphA1, aadA16, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and blaDHA-1.

The study demonstrates the transfer of a multidrug resistance plasmid, pIFM3844, from Salmonella to commensal E. coli, highlighting the role of the bla CTX-M1 gene in conferring resistance to cefotaxime.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on IncA/C plasmids from various Salmonella serovars, including bla_cmy-2, bla_tem-1, strA, strB, aadB, aph(3')-Ia, tetA, floR, cmlA, sul1, sul2, dfra12, quacE, sugE, merA, merB, merC, merD, and merE, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including sul1, sul2, floR, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaPSE, blaNDM-1, qacEΔ1, pcoA/copA, chrB, and pcoR, in bacterial isolates from seafood. These genes conferred resistance to sulfonamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and heavy metals.

The study characterizes the floR gene in the SXT-related ICEApl2 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, demonstrating that specific hydrophobic residues in the transmembrane domains of the FloR protein influence efflux of florfenicol and chloramphenicol. The FloR protein from ICEApl2 does not confer resistance to these antibiotics in A. pleuropneumoniae but does in E. coli.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio campbellii strains isolated from an AHPND-affected pond, highlighting the presence of tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and florfenicol resistance mechanisms.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii DMS06669 strain, including eight novel genes not previously reported in A. baumannii. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and rifampicins.

The study identifies several phenicol resistance genes (catA1, catA2, flo, flo-R) and highlights the role of acrR mutations in increasing phenicol resistance through overexpression of the AcrAB efflux pump.

The study identifies several phenicol resistance genes (catA1, catA2, flo, flo-R) and highlights the role of acrR mutations in increasing phenicol resistance through overexpression of the AcrAB efflux pump.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from pigs in China, including blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, ermB, ermA, flor, catl, tetB, tetC, rmtB, rmtD, aadA1, aac(3′)-IIc, sul1, and sul2. Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified the SXT/R391 integrative conjugative element ICE Sup CHN110003 in Shewanella upenei strains, which carries antibiotic resistance genes floR, strA, strB, and sul2, conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study characterizes a novel multidrug resistance plasmid pSGB23 isolated from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Saintpaul, carrying 11 antibiotic resistance genes responsible for resistance to 9 classes of antibiotics and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including floR, tet(A), tet(B), tet(H), tet(l), tet(34), tet(35), aac(6')-Ib-cr, and intI1, associated with resistance to florfenicol, oxytetracycline, quinolones, and kanamycin in Chilean salmon farming environments.

The study characterizes F33:A−:B− plasmids carrying various AMR genes such as bla(CTX-M-55), bla(CTX-M-65), fosA3, rmtB, and others in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from diverse sources in China.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including floR, fexA, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetE, tetH, tetL, tetM, tet34, tet35), associated with resistance to florfenicol and oxytetracycline in gut bacteria from salmon farms. These genes were found in multiple bacterial species, highlighting the widespread nature of AMR in aquatic environments.

The study identifies a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE) carrying blaNDM-1, msr(E), and floR, which confers resistance to carbapenems, macrolides, and florfenicol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Riemerella anatipestifer, including aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3')-IIc, aac(3')-IV, aph(3')-VII, aph(2')-Ib, bla TEM, bla OXA, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, cat2, cmlA, floR, emrF, qnrS, and qnrD. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study presents a machine learning model capable of predicting antimicrobial MICs for nontyphoidal Salmonella using whole-genome sequence data, identifying key genomic features associated with resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variants, including blaTEM, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, and floR, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies the floR gene as a key factor in florfenicol resistance among clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in China, highlighting its presence on a conjugative plasmid and potential for horizontal transfer.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) as the most common in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle farms, along with gene cassettes such as aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA12, sul1, cat1, and floR associated with class 1 integrons.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain Ab33405, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, highlighting the genetic basis of its multidrug resistance.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella variicola, including blaLEN, oqxAB, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-9, blaOXA-48, aac(6')-Ib, aadA16, sul1, sul2, qnrB6, arr-3, and floR. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, gentamicin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole, rifampin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified tetM, mel, and floR as antibiotic resistance genes that showed increased abundance in the high-dose oxytetracycline group compared to the control group.

The study found that oral administration of florfenicol increased the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the gut of Piaractus mesopotamicus. Several ARGs, including floR, mexQ, macB, and others, were identified as being associated with multidrug resistance and efflux pump mechanisms.

The study identified multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M-15, several bla SHV, bla TEM-63, and bla OXA-10, along with other AMR genes across diverse lineages of K. pneumoniae isolates from Malawi. No carbapenem resistance genes were detected, but plasmids similar to carbapenem resistance-associated plasmid pNDM-mar were found.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in dog treats in Japan, including the blaTEM gene, aadA1, aadA2, tetB, floR, catA1, dfrA12, and intI1 genes, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin isolates from Canada, highlighting the role of IS 26 in plasmid hybridization and the emergence of MDR strains.

The study developed and validated 85 PCR assays to detect 79 AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance across 10 antimicrobial classes, focusing on E. coli. The assays showed high concordance with sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing, demonstrating their potential for AMR surveillance in E. coli isolates and direct stool specimens.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli isolates in feedlot lambs in Brazil, carrying various AMR genes including bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2")-Ia, qnrB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, floR, and cmlA. These genes confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Brazil, including qnrE1, qnrB19, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCMY-2, aadA1, aadA2, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), strA, strB, drfA1, inu(F), qacEdelta1, and fosA7. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast strains in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of an ST358 clone carrying various resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-55, mcr-1, and others, contributing to the rapid increase in infections.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaTEM, strA, tetA, floR, and aac(6')-Ib-cr, in the multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strain MHYL. These genes were localized in two distinct MDR regions, RR1 and RR2, and were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified a novel chromosome-encoded florfenicol resistance gene, mdfA2, and the floR gene in the multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain R46. Both genes conferred resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol.

The study identified blaNDM genes as the primary cause of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from humans, pigs, chickens, and flies in rural China, highlighting the transmission of these resistance genes between humans and backyard animals.

The study identifies the floR gene as a major contributor to florfenicol resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly in Leclercia adecarboxylata strain R25. Other resistance genes such as mdfA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, qnrB6, sul1, dfrA27, arr-3, and qacEΔ1 were also characterized.

The study identifies the chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant E. coli ST695 strain, along with various other resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, rmtB, cmlA1, floR, tet(A), tet(M), dfrA12, oqxA, oqxB, qnrS1, mph(A), bla TEM-105, and bla TEM-1B, contributing to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain carrying both mcr-1 and bla NDM-1, highlighting the co-existence of colistin and carbapenem resistance genes in Vietnam.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes within the ICE Mh1 PM22, including aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in livestock pathogens.

Florfenicol treatment significantly altered the microbiome and resistome in catfish tanks, promoting the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes and inducing mutation-driven resistance.

The study characterizes a novel conjugative plasmid, pEPMS-18199, in Edwardsiella piscicida strain MS-18-199, which carries multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes including floR, tetA, tetR, sul2, strA, strB, arsA, and arsD, conferring resistance to phenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as arsenic.

The study identified the florfenicol resistance gene floR in Citrobacter isolates, which conferred resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol. The gene was found in a multidrug-resistant C. freundii strain and was part of a truncated transposon-like structure on a plasmid.

The study analyzed 515 E. coli isolates from pigs using whole genome sequencing to identify AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the prevalence of blaTEM-1b, tet(A), and tetA(B) genes, along with various mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The study highlights the effectiveness of WGS in predicting AMR phenotypes with high concordance to MIC results.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study reports the first detection of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Escherichia coli variant isolated from a human in China, with multidrug resistance properties, including colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene, along with other resistance genes such as aadA1, aadA2, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, oqxA, oqxB, floR, cmlA1, sul3, and tet(A).

The study identified several AMR genes, including aadA31, bla ROB-1, floR, mph(E), msr(E), and tet(H), in bovine respiratory disease organisms, highlighting the impact of antimicrobial use on AMR development.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies two new SGI1-LK variants, SGI1-LK1 and SGI1-LK2, in Proteus mirabilis isolates, highlighting the evolutionary dynamics of the SGI1-HKL group of Salmonella genomic islands.

The study identifies negative epistasis between the tetracycline efflux pump TetA and mutations in the nuo genes, which affects aminoglycoside resistance. It also characterizes the roles of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as blaTEM-219, floR, qnrS1, and tetA in resistance to different antibiotics.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from broiler farms in Bangladesh, carrying resistance genes tetA, floR, blaTEM-1, aadA1, and class 1 integron gene intl1.

The study identified 24 different antimicrobial-resistance determinants in Gallibacterium anatis isolates from calves with unresponsive bronchopneumonia, including novel resistance genes such as aadA23, blaCARB-8, tet(Y), and qnrD1.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in E. coli strains isolated from polluted rivers and wild birds. It also characterizes several other AMR genes including aadA1, aadA2, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), tet(D), tet(A), bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–1, qnrS2, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, floR, vgaC, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, and glpT (E448K).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from retail duck meat in Southern China, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, strA, aadA1, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib, qnrB, and floR, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and florfenicol.

The study evaluated the performance of various bioinformatics tools for predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and serotypes of Salmonella enterica using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). It identified several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from retail foods in northern Xinjiang, China, including tetA, tetB, blaOXA, blaTEM, floR, sul1, sul2, aadAla, aadB, strA, and strB. These genes conferred resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and streptomycin.

The study identifies multiple multidrug resistance plasmids in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, including novel versions of pAQU-group plasmids carrying resistance genes such as tetB, floR, sul2, qnrVC, dfrA, and strAB.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pregnant women in low-income countries, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of environmental factors in their carriage.

The study identified several AMR genes in veterinary Vibrio cincinnatiensis isolates, including qnrVC6, sul2, dfrA1, aadA1, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, and tetB, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, gentamicin, and tetracycline.

The study identified various AMR genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in the Basque Country, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing strains.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes such as blaNDM-1, blaNDM-7, blaCTX-M-15, and blaOXA-181, along with other AMR genes like rmtC, sul1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A), qnrB1, and others, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from diseased chickens in the Czech Republic, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the presence of resistance determinants such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps.

The study characterizes the recombination events in the conjugative virulence plasmid p15WZ-82_Vir during transmission, identifying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and their roles in the formation of mosaic plasmids that carry both virulence and resistance traits.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas veronii strain MS-17-88, including beta-lactamase genes (imiS, ampS), phenicol resistance genes (floR, catB2, catB7, vat(F)), colistin resistance genes (mcr-3, mcr-7.1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(34), tet(35), tet(E)), and a trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA3).

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio cholerae isolates, including blaTEM, NDM-1, AmpC, and ESBL, indicating multidrug resistance in environmental V. cholerae.

The study identified floR as the most common resistance gene in poultry strains and blaTEM in human strains. adrA, csgD, and sdiA were prevalent in both groups, with adrA being present in 100% of poultry strains.

The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.

The report highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, focusing on Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. It notes high resistance levels to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in Salmonella and E. coli isolates, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones in certain serovars. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli and Salmonella were rarely detected.

The study identified 60 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), 4 disinfectant resistance genes (DRGs), and 33 heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in 450 Salmonella strains isolated from diseased animals. These genes contributed to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Mannheimia haemolytica isolates, including floR, bla-OXA2, bla-ROB1, tetH/R, erm42, msrE, mphE, and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study identified floR and cfr genes as the primary mechanisms of florfenicol resistance in animal-derived bacteria, with floR being the most prevalent.

The study identified NDM-5-producing CRKP and SIM-producing hvKP strains, highlighting the emergence of novel resistance mechanisms and the effectiveness of tigecycline-carbapenem combinations in treating these infections.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including Bla TEM, StrB, DfrA, TetA, and FloR in bacterial isolates from vended food and soil samples in Embu Town and Kangaru Market, Kenya.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1, in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from pigs with postweaning diarrhea in China.