The study identified resistance genes such as blaZ, mecA, and far1 in Staphylococcus aureus strains, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of drug resistance.

FosB is a divalent-metal-dependent bacillithiol-S-transferase that confers fosfomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Disruption of BSH biosynthesis increases sensitivity to fosfomycin.

FosB from Bacillus cereus is a Mn2+-dependent bacillithiol-S-transferase that confers resistance to fosfomycin by catalyzing the nucleophilic addition of bacillithiol or L-cysteine to the antibiotic, rendering it inactive.

The study identified the fosB3 gene as a novel fosfomycin resistance gene in Enterococcus faecium, which is located on a transferable, extrachromosomal circular intermediate and can mediate high-level fosfomycin resistance in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The study identified FosB as a primary fosfomycin-modifying pathway in Staphylococcus aureus and established its role in resistance through experimental validation.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from bovines, including blaZ, blaI, blaR, tetM, ermC, aacA-aphD, aadD, aphA3, cat, sdrM, and fosB, which confer resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin.

The study analyzed non-pseudomonal bacterial species from pediatric cystic fibrosis patients, identifying several AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the presence of beta-lactamase genes (blaZ, blaI, blaRI) in Staphylococcus aureus, fosfomycin resistance gene fosB, fusidic acid resistance gene fusC, and efflux pumps smeZ, smeJ, and smeK in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Additionally, Enterobacter cloacae isolates carried resistance genes qacE delta 1, sul1, and dfrA5.

The study identifies three novel fosB subtypes (fosB4, fosB5, and fosB6) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates that confer fosfomycin resistance.

The study identifies three novel fosB subtypes (fosB4, fosB5, and fosB6) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates that confer fosfomycin resistance.

The study identifies three novel fosB subtypes (fosB4, fosB5, and fosB6) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates that confer fosfomycin resistance.

The complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. VT 712 reveals several antibiotic resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanZ, vanB, vanW), tetracycline (tet(A)), fosfomycin (fosB), multidrug resistance efflux pumps (including acrB), beta-lactamases, and the quaternary ammonium compound resistance protein sugE.

The study identified various AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Kuwait hospitals, including aphA3, aacA-aphD, ermA, ermC, mupA, tetK, tetM, fusC, far1, msrA, mphC, sat, qacA, qacC, merA, merB, dfrS1, aadD, fosB, cat, sdrM, icaA, icaC, and icaD, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified specific mutations in gyrA and grlA genes contributing to levofloxacin resistance, as well as the fosB gene associated with fosfomycin resistance in the ST8/SCC mec IVc MRSA strain OC8.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from meat products, including resistance to β-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of fosfomycin resistance, including the identification of fosfomycin-modifying enzymes such as FosA, FosB, FosX, and FosA3, which inactivate fosfomycin and contribute to resistance in various bacterial species.

The study identifies multiple intrinsic resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus, including genes such as atpA, rpsT, vraG, and mecA, which contribute to resistance against various antimicrobial agents. These findings highlight potential targets for developing antimicrobial potentiators.

The study identifies several AMR genes involved in resistance to various antibiotics, including murA, murJ, fabI, norA, lmrB2/3, emrA, yhgE, lmrB2, fosB, uppP, vraRS, and mprF, through Tn-seq data and upregulation signatures.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis strain G6_2, including aac(6')-aph(2"), blaZ, mecA, fosB, mphC, msrA, tetK, and qacC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. Additionally, point mutations in ileS and fusA are associated with resistance to mupirocin and fusidic acid.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.

This study elucidated the taxonomic distribution and resistance capabilities of FosB in the human microbiota, highlighting its role in conferring resistance to fosfomycin.

The study identified several AMR genes in Bacillus cereus-group isolates from fresh vegetables, including fosB, ykkC, lsaB, and tet(45). These genes were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics such as fosfomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin.

The study identified the presence of the beta-lactamase gene blaZ in Staphylococcus aureus strains, which conferred resistance to ampicillin. The MIC assay showed higher resistance levels in the strains compared to the resistance breakpoints.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA isolates from human, chicken, and environmental samples in Nigerian live bird markets, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential public health risks associated with their dissemination.

The study compared hybrid assembly approaches for bacterial pathogen genomes and identified AMR genes such as blaZ, msr(A), and tet(K) in Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental integron-cassettes from the Velhas River, including clinically relevant genes such as blaGES-5, aacA7, dfrA21, qacH, emrE, fosB3, and novA. These genes were associated with various resistance mechanisms, primarily efflux pumps and inactivation.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including blaZ, tet(K), norA, lmrS, mepR, and fosB, which confer resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin. No resistance genes were found in S. pseudintermedius isolates.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus argenteus isolates from North America, highlighting the presence of mecA, mgrA, arlR, mepR, blaZ, fosB, lmrS, and aac(6')-Ie-APH(2')-Ia, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study presents a cross-resistance platform (CRP) consisting of 28 Staphylococcus aureus strains with defined resistance genotypes, designed to detect cross-resistance between established and novel antibacterial agents. The CRP includes various AMR genes and mutations that confer resistance to multiple antibiotic classes.

This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.

The study identified several AMR genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from South Africa and Nigeria, highlighting environmentally driven heterogeneity. Notably, the tetM gene was found in South African isolates but not in Nigerian ones, while cadmium resistance genes were present in Nigerian isolates. Other genes like blaZ, FosB, mecA, FusF, dfrG, ErmA, ErmB, Erm(43), and mphC were also characterized.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from equids, including blaZ, mupA, lnuA, tetK, tetL, tetM, norA, dfrC, dfrG, dfrK, ermA, ermC, msrA, mphC, qacA/B, qacC, and fosB. An isolate (17-021) was found to carry the lnuA gene and mupA plasmid, conferring resistance to clindamycin and mupirocin. A mutation in the prs gene was associated with phenotypic susceptibility to β-lactam drugs in a mecA-positive isolate.

The study identifies ten AMR genes in B. anthracis, highlighting their distribution across global isolates and their association with population genomic structure. Key genes include mph L, bla 1, fos B, bla 2, vml R, bcII, tem -116, cfr C, dfr G, and oxa -59, each with distinct resistance mechanisms and geographic prevalence.

The study reports the first plasmid-mediated fosB gene in Enterococcus faecalis from pigs, highlighting its role in fosfomycin resistance and the co-occurrence with optrA, posing a public health threat.

The study reports the first isolation of CC5-MRSA-IV-SCCfus 'Maltese Clone' from bat guano in Algeria, highlighting the presence of fusidic acid resistance element fusC, fosfomycin resistance gene fosB, and penicillinase gene blaZ in the MRSA isolates.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus isolates from Novosibirsk, Russia, including mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermA, ermC, msrA, norA, dfrC, fosB, and mphC, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Bacillus cereus group isolates, including beta-lactamase-encoding genes (bla1, blaZ, blaTEM), mph for erythromycin resistance, rph for rifampicin resistance, and fosB for fosfomycin resistance. These genes were detected using ABRIcate and MEGARes 2.0 database, and their association with resistance phenotypes was analyzed.

The study identified several AMR genes in staphylococci from livestock and farm attendants in Northern Ghana, including mecA1, mecA, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), cat(pC221), sal(A), aadD, dfrK, dfrG, erm(B), fosB, aac(6')-aph(2''), and blaZ, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, and macrolides.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, including mecA, blaZ, fusB, fosB, aadD, aac(6')-aph(2"), tet(K), dfrG, msr(A), and qacA. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin, fusidic acid, fosfomycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, trimethoprim, macrolides, and chlorhexidine.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on beta-lactam, glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, MLS-B, aminoglycoside, and other resistance mechanisms. Key genes identified include blaZ, mecA, mecC, vanA, cfr, ermA, ermC, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-IIIa, and aadD. Mutations in pbp2 and pbp2a were also found to contribute to resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates from goats and their farm environments in Saudi Arabia, including mecA, blaZ, norA, lmrS, mepA, mepR, arlR, arlS, tet(38), mecR1, dfrC, fusC, fosB, fexA, tetM, msrA, mphC, fusB, APH(3′)-IIIa, tetK, and dfrG. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, diaminopyrimidines, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, and fosfomycin.

This review highlights the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and emphasizes the potential risks of ARG dissemination through biofertilizers. Key findings include the identification of various ARGs such as bacA, fosB, ermD, bl2a, vanSA, cat, acrD, mexF, mexD, mexW, mexE, mexY, mexX, mexZ, mexR, mexA, mexB, mexC, mexD, mexE, and mexF, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the roles of various genes and mutations in conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, lipopeptides, fluoroquinolones, and other antibiotics.

All four Staphylococcus capitis strains were found to be resistant to fosfomycin, with no significant differences in antibiotic susceptibility among the strains.

The study characterizes several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus pettenkoferi strains, including blaZ, mecA, ant(9)-Ia, tet(K), ermA, vgaA, and fosB, as well as mutations in rpoB, gyrA, glrA, and grlB.

The study identifies various conjugative features and associated cargo genes, highlighting the significant role of conjugation in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across bacterial genera. Key AMR genes such as Tn916, CTn341, SXT, ICEEc2, ICEclc, Tn1549, and Tn4555 were found to be prevalent in conjugative genomes, demonstrating their involvement in the dissemination of resistance traits.

The study identified AMR genes such as tet(38), fosB-Saur, and blaZ in bovine mastitis milk using a rapid, culture-independent method involving MinION nanopore sequencing and optimized DNA isolation protocols.

The study identified AMR genes such as tet(38), fosB-Saur, and blaZ in bovine mastitis milk using a rapid, culture-independent method involving MinION nanopore sequencing and optimized DNA isolation protocols.

The study identified several AMR genes in S. aureus isolates from wildlife in Eastern Spain, including blaZ, mecA, mecC, and fosB, which confer resistance to penicillin, methicillin, and fosfomycin. These findings highlight the potential of wildlife as a reservoir for clinically relevant AMR strains.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolate SauR3, including blaZ, mecA, norA, norC, sdrM, ermC, lmrS, msrA, mphC, aph(3′)-IIIa, aadE, aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia, fosB, and SAT-4, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus species in dromedary camels in Algeria, including the first detection of a SCCmec-mecC hybrid in Mammaliicoccus lentus. Key resistance genes identified include mecA, mecC, blaZ, aadD, dfrG, ermB, ermA, msrA, mphC, fosB, fusB, and tet(K).

The study identifies fosA, fosA3, fosB, murA, and glpT as genes conferring fosfomycin resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animals. These genes were experimentally validated in various bacterial species, highlighting the spread of fosfomycin resistance among multidrug-resistant bacteria in pets.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw shrimp in China, including mecA, mecR1, blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, aad(6), ANT(4')-Ib, tet(K), mph(C), lnu(A), ermB, ermC, dfrC, dfrG, fosB, SAT-4, rpoB, msr(A), mepA, mepR, norA, mgrA, tet(38), sav1866, arlR, and arlS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and others.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus equorum strains from cheese, including blaR1-blaZI, bla, mph(C), msr(A), norA, fosB/fosD, and cat, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified the presence of the tetracycline resistance gene tetK in Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates, which was associated with tetracycline resistance. The gene was found on small plasmids, suggesting a potential mechanism for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in MRSA isolates from Benin, including mecA, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, blaI, blaR1, blaZ, mecI, mecR1, fosB, erm(C), mph(C), msr(A), qacC, dfrG, and dfrS1, along with mutations in glpT, murA, gyrA, and parC associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Kuwait's marine environment, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and macrolide resistance genes. Additionally, the MFS-type drug efflux gene mdfA was commonly found in E. coli isolates.

Five novel bacterial species were isolated from the International Space Station (ISS) and characterized. These species, Arthrobacter burdickii, Leifsonia virtsii, Leifsonia williamsii, Paenibacillus vandeheii, and Sporosarcina highlanderae, were identified through phylogenomic, phenotypic, and functional analyses. Their genomes were sequenced, and they were distinguished from known species using ANI and dDDH values, as well as gyrB gene sequence similarities.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus species isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and healthy skin, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified 21 resistance determinants in MRSP and MSSP strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, including genes such as blaZ, sdrM, norA, fosB, ykkcd, sepA, aac(6')-aph(2''), dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), aad(6), tet(M), cat(pC221), qacG, tet(K), and qacJ, which confer resistance to various antimicrobials.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus xylosus NM36, including those conferring resistance to quinolones, teicoplanin, bicyclomycin, chloramphenicol, methicillin, fosfomycin, and others. The genome analysis reveals the presence of efflux pumps, regulatory proteins, and other resistance mechanisms contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes the resistome of Gram-positive bacteria causing keratitis, identifying several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to antibiotics such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Key findings include the prevalence of ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, msrA, msrD, mecA, ant(9)-Ia, ant(4′)-Ib, aac(6′)-aph(2″), aph(3′)-III, fosB, tetK, tetM, dfrG, dfrC, and dfrE genes, along with mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from acne patients in Egypt, including blaZ, mecA, tet(K), erm(C), lnuA, vgaA, dfrC, fusB, fosBx1, norA, and vanT. These genes were found to be located on plasmids and chromosomes, indicating a multidrug-resistant profile.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from acne patients in Egypt, including blaZ, mecA, tet(K), erm(C), lnuA, vgaA, dfrC, fusB, fosBx1, norA, and vanT. These genes were found to be located on plasmids and chromosomes, indicating a multidrug-resistant profile.

The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates causing invasive infections in Paraguayan children, including mecA, blaZ, ermC, aac(6')-aph(2"), tet(38), cat(pC221), fos-B-Saur, and rphC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Vermont dairy farms, including beta-lactam resistance genes (blaZ, blaI, blaR), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(K), tet(38)), erythromycin resistance genes (erm(T), erm(A)), lincomycin resistance gene (lnu(G)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aaC3, ant(9)-la), multidrug resistance efflux pumps (lmrS, mepA, mepR, mepB, norA, norB, arlS, arlR, mgrA), and fosfomycin resistance gene (fosB).

The study identified two bacteriocin gene clusters, aureocin 4181 in MRSA 23ad and epidermicin NI01 in S. epidermidis 84ad, which are involved in the production of antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of other staphylococcal species.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in S. aureus isolates from sternal bursitis in chickens, including aph(3')-IIIa, tetK, tet38, ermC, parC, and fosB, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study identified multiple AMR genes including VanC-1, VanG, Vex2, Vex3, emeA, Isa, ermB, TetM, fosB, ParC, ParE, gyrA, gyrB, MATE, MFS, and pmrA in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with increased resistance to methicillin, macrolides, and other antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study identified the blaZ gene conferring resistance to penicillin and cefoxitin in a Staphylococcus aureus isolate, and the fosB gene associated with fosfomycin resistance in four isolates.

The study identified six antibiotic-resistance genes in the S. argenteus strain 22WJ8192, including blaZ, blaI_of_Z, blaR1, aph(3')-IIIa, tet(38), and fosB-Saur, which conferred resistance to penicillin, amikacin, tetracycline, and fosfomycin. These genes were found to be more prevalent in human-origin strains compared to nonhuman-origin strains.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including MRSA-ST80, carrying various AMR genes such as mecA, blaI, blaZ, ermC, aph-S-tph, dha1, norA, tet38, mepA, lmrS, and fosB. Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes such as fosB1, cat86, mdf(A), and erm(D) in bacteria associated with lactational mastitis, highlighting the challenge of antibiotic resistance in these pathogens.

The study identifies AMR genes and mutations associated with the clonal replacement of MRSA strains in a Malaysian hospital, highlighting the role of desiccation tolerance and reduced antibiotic resistance.

The study identified the beta-lactamase gene bla LEN and the fosfomycin resistance gene fosB in Klebsiella variicola isolated from a wastewater treatment plant. These genes were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam and fosfomycin antibiotics, respectively.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, and a livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) strain, carrying various resistance genes such as mecA, blaZ, erm(C), aac(6')-aph(2''), and others, highlighting the presence of AMR in public environments.

The study identified a bovine isolate carrying the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaTEM-116, highlighting concerns about antimicrobial resistance in dairy farm environments. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in both bovine and human isolates, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, penicillins, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from subclinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows, including blaZ for penicillin resistance, fosB for fosfomycin resistance, msr(A) and mph(C) for erythromycin resistance, and tet(K) for tetracycline resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from pets, dairies, and humans, including mecA, tet(M), tet(K), erm(C), erm(A), mph(C), msr(A), blaR1, blaZ, blaI_of_Z, blaPC1, vga(A), fosB-Saur, sat4, bleO, ant(9)-Ia, aph(2'')-Ih, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, macrolides, lincomycin, fosfomycin, streptothricin, bleomycin, spectinomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and others.

The study identifies various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, including blaI, blaZ, blaPC1, blaR1, erm(T), erm(A), tet(38), mepA, fosB, and ermC, which confer resistance to penicillin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, tetracycline, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51-like, and several aminoglycoside resistance genes, contributing to extensive drug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Bacillus cereus strain isolated from hospital wastewater, including beta-lactamases (BcII, BcIII, BcI), glycopeptide resistance genes (vanW, vanY, vanT), tetracycline resistance gene (tetB(P)), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosB), and efflux pump genes (bcrA, bcrB, ykkCD, qacJ).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus isolates from small- to medium-scale and large-scale dairy farms in Thailand, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between farm types.

The study identified 19 antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from fish, aquatic environments, and fish handlers in Southeast Nigeria, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with various resistance mechanisms.

The study identified key resistance genes including mecA, blaZ, tet(K), and erm(C) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from East Africa, highlighting the prevalence of methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Lysinibacillus boronitolerans MSR1, including qacJ, vanW, vanT, and FosBx1, which confer resistance to disinfectants, vancomycin, and fosfomycin.