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liaF

putative transmembrane protein

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Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to liaF

Browse AMR rules for liaF

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: in-frame deletion
Validation Method: allelic replacement and MIC testing
Drug Classes: Daptomycin, DAPTOMYCIN
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus faecium
Geographic Location: China, South Africa
Papers: 12
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 10

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
L39F	-	single resistance variant	Enterococcus faecium	Daptomycin	Card Database	Established
D191N	-	-	Enterococcus faecalis	Daptomycin	Reslit	Candidate
T194I	-	single resistance variant, three-component signaling pathway regulator LiaF	Enterococcus faecalis	Daptomycin

Papers12

1

Genetic basis for in vivo daptomycin resistance in enterococci.

PMID 21899450 · 2011

Mutations in the genes encoding LiaF and a GdpD-family protein were necessary and sufficient for the development of resistance to daptomycin in Enterococcus faecalis. Additionally, an Arg218 Gln substitution in the Cls enzyme was found in daptomycin-resistant E. faecium isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: putative transmembrane protein
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: in-frame deletion
Confers Resistance To: Daptomycin
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus faecalis
Validation Method: allelic replacement and MIC testing

2

The rise of the Enterococcus: beyond vancomycin resistance.

PMID 22421879 · 2012

The paper discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus, particularly focusing on ampicillin resistance mediated by the pbp5R gene in hospital-associated E. faecium isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: membrane protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Daptomycin
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus faecalis
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and mutagenesis

3

Adaptation of Enterococcus faecalis to daptomycin reveals an ordered progression to resistance.

PMID 23959318 · 2013

The study identified mutations in the liaF, liaR, yvlB, and cls genes that contribute to daptomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis through a defined evolutionary pathway involving the LiaFSR signaling pathway and changes in membrane composition.

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: LiaFSR signaling pathway regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: cell envelope stress response
Confers Resistance To: Daptomycin
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus faecalis
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and allelic frequency measurements
Sequence Accession: SRP029594

4

Enterococcus faecalis Adapts to Antimicrobial Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes by Lipid Rearrangement and Differential Expression of Membrane Stress Response Genes.

PMID 32117172 · 2020

Enterococcus faecalis develops resistance to conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) through mutations in the liaFSR system, specifically liaF (Ile179 deletion) and liaR (A98V), leading to reduced susceptibility to COE1-3C and COE1-3Py, respectively.

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: a component of the LiaFSR three-component system
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutation-induced resistance to COE1-3C
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus faecalis
Validation Method: deletion and complementation studies

5

Complete Genomic Analysis of VRE From a Cattle Feedlot: Focus on 2 Antibiotic Resistance.

PMID 33178155 · 2020

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates from a cattle feedlot, including vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanXY-C, VanR, macA, macB, rlmA (II), erm(A), aac(6')-la, blaEC, tet(A), tet(L), S10p, gyrA, gyrB, msbA, S12p, rpoB, mdfA/cmr, liaF, liaR, liaS, bcrC, mprF, pgsA, ef-G, ef-TU, ddl, alr, kasA, isotRNA, inhA, fabl, murA, folA, and Dfr, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, and others.

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: daptomycin peptide membrane protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Daptomycin
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus durans
• Enterococcus gallinarum
Geographic Location: South Africa
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Sequence Accession: MK086097|MK086099

6

Arginine impacts aggregation, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 39524554 · 2024

Arginine metabolism in Enterococcus faecalis leads to increased aggregation, decreased biofilm formation, and altered antibiotic susceptibility, particularly to ampicillin and ceftriaxone.

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: two-component system response regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Daptomycin
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus faecalis
Validation Method: RNAseq and disc diffusion assay
Sequence Accession: GSE268264

7

Genomic and clinical characterization of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus species from cancer patients in China.

PMID 40775271 · 2025

The study identified the optrA gene as the primary mechanism of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus species from cancer patients in China, along with other resistance genes such as tet(M), erm(A), and erm(B).

Gene Information

Gene Name: liaF
Allele: liaF
Encodes: two-component system sensor kinase
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Enterococcus faecalis
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJNA1241515