The study identifies a novel keyhole phenotype in clindamycin-resistant erythromycin-sensitive Streptococcus agalactiae strains, characterized by mutations in the erm(B) gene leading to erythromycin sensitivity despite the presence of the gene, and the presence of the lnu(B) gene associated with clindamycin resistance.

The study characterizes plasmids from various Pandoraea strains, identifying several antibiotic resistance genes including beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, and lincomamide resistance genes.

The study identified the presence of CA-MRSA ST93-IV and LA-MRSA ST398-V in Australian pigs, farm workers, and the environment. It also reported the first linezolid-resistant MRSA isolate in Australia. Resistance mechanisms included genes such as blaZ, ermC, fexA, tetK, tetL, vgaA, lnuB, aadD, aadE, and cfr.

The study identified multiple tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains, highlighting the widespread presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in these isolates.

The paper discusses the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus species, particularly focusing on macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline resistance. Key genes identified include erm(B), erm(A), lnuB, lnuD, mefA, mefE, msr, tet(B), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S).

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Streptococcus suis isolates, including tetM, lnuB, erm(B), tetO, tetL, and aph3′, which confer resistance to tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several AMR genes in GBS isolates from urine in Suzhou, including tetM, ermB, mefE, lnuB, and others, associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and fluoroquinolones.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study identifies lnu(B) as the gene responsible for the rare lincosamide resistance (L phenotype) in clinical Streptococcus agalactiae ST-19 strains, highlighting its role in multidrug resistance through a composite transposon structure.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaZ, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), and various erm genes, in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food products in Denmark. Additionally, the tst gene was detected in CC398 and CC45 isolates, indicating the presence of toxic shock syndrome toxin.

The paper describes the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Clostridium and Brachyspira spp. and other anaerobes, focusing on the genetic basis of resistance to various antibiotics, including tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, and others. It highlights the role of specific genes such as tet, erm, and cat in conferring resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from processed meat, including vanA, vanC1, erm(B), aac(6')-Ii, aadE, ant(9)-Ia, lsa(E), msr(C), lnu(B), tet(M)+tet(L), dfrG, dfrK, adeC, and efmA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in various rural environmental media, including bla OXA10-02, bla PSE, lnu B-02, and qac EΔ1-01, which were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam, lincosamide, streptogramin B, and quaternary ammonium compounds, respectively.

The study characterizes two S. aureus ST398 strains, one methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and one methicillin-susceptible (MSSA), isolated from a pig transporter. The MRSA strain harbors the mecA gene, while the MSSA strain lacks it due to a large deletion. Both strains exhibit resistance to several antibiotics including tetracycline, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.

The report highlights the presence of various AMR genes and mutations in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, including blaCTX-M-9, blaSHV-12, erm(B), mcr-1, and mcr-2, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, and colistin. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring AMR in food-producing animals and humans.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae strains with high penicillin and cefotaxime non-susceptibilities, highlighting the emergence of MDR and PEN-NS GBS in both human and aquatic environments.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(M), and combinations of lsa(E) and lnu(B) conferring resistance to lincosamides, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from pigs, but not in wild boar isolates.

The report highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, focusing on Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. It notes high resistance levels to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in Salmonella and E. coli isolates, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones in certain serovars. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli and Salmonella were rarely detected.

The study identified twelve antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus isolates from freshwater, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. These genes were detected through PCR and sequencing, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in environmental Enterococcus.

The study shows that early inoculation of microbial suspensions affects the transmission of maternal microbiota and the associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in piglets. Specific ARGs such as aadE_2, aphA3, ermB, lnuB, vanTG, tetQ, tnpA, mpmB, lnuC, and tetW were found to be influenced by the inoculation of microbial suspensions S1 and S2.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA ST398 isolates from a Portuguese slaughterhouse, highlighting the dissemination of these resistant strains through the pork production chain and their potential to colonize humans.

The study identifies mutations in gyrA and parC genes contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in Group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates, along with the presence of resistance genes tetM, ermB, and lnuB. A new integrative and conjugative element (ICE) carrying tetM and gyrA was also identified.

This study analyzed the virulence and genomic characteristics of nine United States Streptococcus suis isolates, identifying genomic attributes associated with swine-virulent phenotypes. However, no specific AMR genes or mutations were experimentally validated in this paper.

The study identified vanB genes in two vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates and characterized various tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates from different sources in Estonia.

The study identified several AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy cattle with mastitis, including tet(O), ermB, lnu(B), and aphA3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin, and kanamycin.

The study identifies the emergence of invasive serotype Ib sequence type 10 Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease in Chinese infants, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including ermB, mefA, lnuB, tetM, and tetO genes, along with fluoroquinolone resistance mediated by mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in ST9 S. aureus, including mecA, blaZ, lnu(B), lsa(E), erm(C), fexA, tet(L), dfrG, vwb, and the MDR ST9 element, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and host adaptation.

The study identified multidrug resistance gene clusters in non-srr1/2 serotype III Group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates, including lnu(B), lsa(E), aadK, aadE, and aac(3)-IV, which confer resistance to lincosamides, streptomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in three multi-drug resistant L. innocua isolates, including tet(M), optrA, fexA, dfrG, lnu(B), lsa(E), ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, catA8, lnu(A), msr(D), and mef(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxazolidinones, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, lincomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study characterizes the genetic structure of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates displaying a VanD phenotype with a vanA genotype, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes and genetic variations within the van transposon.

The study identified multidrug resistance in an emm93.0 Streptococcus pyogenes strain in Israel, including resistance to clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. A novel genomic island containing resistance genes lsa(E), lnu(B), ant(6)-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa was discovered.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs in Italy, including ermb, tet(O), aac6-aph2, ant6-ia, aph3-iiia, spw, tet(40), tet(W), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W/N/N), erm(47), lnuB, lsaE, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, lincomycin, and linezolid.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Ib/CC12 Streptococcus agalactiae strains, including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and other antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in feline and canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, including blaZ, mecA, mecC, tet(K), tet(M), erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(T), msr(A), aadE, aacA-aphD, aphA3, aadD, dfrG, lnu(B), and lsa(E). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and others.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cattle, farm workers, and their environment, highlighting the potential for transmission between hosts and the need for monitoring AMR in One Health contexts.

This review highlights the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bioaerosols, emphasizing their role in the spread of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer. Key ARGs identified include those conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides.

The study identified ermG as a gene that increased in abundance in the feces of treated pigs compared to those that did not receive post-PRRS antimicrobials, indicating its role in macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study identified several AMR genes in L. monocytogenes strains, including Lde, aadB, aac(3)-IIa(aacC2), sulI, sulII, lnuA, lnuB, and mefA, which confer resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin.

The study identified 18 AMR genes in non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nucleosides, and phenicols.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from the United States, including ble, tetO, ermB, lsaE, lnuB, ant(9)-Ia, and ant(6)-Ia, which confer resistance to glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, pleuromutilins, and aminoglycosides respectively.

Two linezolid-resistant MRSA strains from pigs in Germany were identified, both harboring plasmid-encoded cfr genes. These strains also had additional AMR genes, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study found that organic and alternative pig farming practices are associated with reduced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) compared to conventional farming. Specific AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, blaPC1, and others were more prevalent in conventional farms, while organic farms showed lower levels of AMR genes for aminoglycosides, phenicols, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy goats in China, including pbp2b, tetL, tetM, tetK, tetO, ermA, ermB, mefA, aphA3, aad6, lnu(B), gryA, and parC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and quinolones.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC398 isolates from diseased swine in Germany, including beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B, phenicol, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes. These genes were often located on small transposons or plasmids, contributing to the multidrug resistance profile of the isolates.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in porcine fecal microbiota, including aacA-aphD, ermT, lnuB, strB, sul2, tetA, tetM, and blaTEM, which showed increased abundance in antibiotic-treated pigs compared to untreated pigs.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus species isolated from livestock in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus isolates from cow-calf herds, including resistance to lincomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from livestock and raw meat in Ghana, including genes conferring resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and other antibiotics. Notable genes include aac(6')-Ii, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), erm(T), msr(C), lsa(A), lsa(E), lnu(B), tet(L), tet(M), tet(S), dfrG, cat, pbp5, and ClpL.

The study identified the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from Spain, including tet(O), erm(B), lnu(B), lsa(E), tet(M), and mef(A/E). High resistance levels were observed for clindamycin, chlortetracycline, and sulfadimethoxine.

The study identifies the ermB, mefA, ermA, lnuB, lsaE, and tetM genes as key contributors to macrolide and lincosamide resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from pregnant women in Poland.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 4, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, and chloramphenicol. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for the dissemination of these resistance genes.

The study identifies the presence of resistance genes erm47 and ermB in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains from domestic geese in Poland, along with other resistance genes such as tetM, lnuB, lsaE, ant(6)-Ia, and spw. It also highlights the role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and prophage DNA in the spread of these resistance genes.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus isolates, including vanB for vancomycin resistance, lsaA, lsaE, lnuB for lincosamide resistance, tetM and tetL for tetracycline resistance, aac6'-Ii, aac6'-aph2'', aph3'-III, and ant6-Ia for aminoglycoside resistance, msrC, ermB, and ermT for macrolide resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, pbp5, and 23S rRNA for fluoroquinolone, penicillin, and linezolid resistance.

The study identified novel methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) lineages, including ST726 and ST551, and characterized antimicrobial resistance genes such as mecA, blaZ, tetK, and mupA. It also noted a high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among MRSP isolates.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in CoNS isolates from various hosts, highlighting the spread of multidrug resistance and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance traits.

The study identified high frequencies of tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes, specifically tetO and ermB, in European Streptococcus suis isolates.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis milk, including mecA, blaZ, tetK, ermC, lnuA, and lnuB. These genes were associated with resistance to penicillins, tetracyclines, erythromycin, and lincomycin.

The study identified several AMR genes associated with macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from Bulgaria. These include ermB, ermA/TR, ermC, mefA, mefE, msrD, lnuB, lsaC, lsaE, tetM, and tetO. High resistance rates to macrolides (60.3%) and tetracyclines (89.1%) were observed.

The study identifies linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus thailandicus isolates, along with a vancomycin-variable E. faecium strain. It also reveals the increasing prevalence of E. lactis in the healthy human gut and the complex interplay of bacteriocin gene profiles among Enterococcus species.

The study identified several AMR genes in S. aureus isolates from caprine mastitis in China, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, ermB, lnu(B), aacA-aphD, and gyrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, oxacillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, lincomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations associated with tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and levofloxacin resistance in multidrug-resistant, hypervirulent Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in Thailand, highlighting the predominance of hypervirulent ST283 and the emergence of MDR-GBS.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus isolates from small- to medium-scale and large-scale dairy farms in Thailand, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between farm types.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in a dairy wastewater sample, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside acetyltransferases, tetracycline resistance proteins, quinolone resistance proteins, and macrolide ribosome methyltransferases. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in UK E. cecorum isolates, including tet(L), tet(M), ant(6)-la, ermB, NarA/NarB, and lnuC, as well as mutations in pbp2x and gyrA that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with mastitis, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, aphA3, aacA-aphD, aadD, ermA, msrA, mphC, lnuB, and vanA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aph(6)-id_2, mef(c), mef(b), mph(e), mph(g), msr(d), lnu(b), lnu(d), aadA, ant(6)-Ia, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, qnrS1, mcr-1, and vanA, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, and glycopeptides.

The study identified several tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of gilts, with no significant increases in ARG abundance following exposure to semen extenders containing antibiotics.

The study identifies the prophage φEr670 carrying lnuB and lsaE genes, and the genomic island GI_Er147 carrying ant(6)-Ia, spw, lnu(J), and vat family genes in E. rhusiopathiae strains. These genes confer resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and spectinomycin.