Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
ABC-type efflux transporter
Overview
| Protein Change | Nucleotide Change | Mechanism | Organism | Resistance To | Database | Validation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | efflux pump MacAB promoter region | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | AZITHROMYCIN | Reference Gene Catalog | Established |
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries |
|---|
| Years |
|---|
| Sequence Accession |
|---|
| Protein Accession |
|---|
| macAB | Reslit | 7 | Erythromycin, Clarithromycin +7 | Escherichia coli +7 | England|USA|Canada, Europe, Brazil | 2001, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2023 | NCBI short-read archive accession numbers for sequences used in this publication and associated phenotypes and MIC predictions can be found in Table S2. | - |
| macA | Card DatabaseReslit | 17 | Macrolide, Tigecycline +3 | Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 +17 | Denmark, China, Bangladesh, shellfish, South Africa, Norway|China, Europe, Ghana, Europe|United States|Asia|Africa|Australia|Bangladesh, Switzerland|Europe | 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | HE798385|NCBI: NC_017546 | AAV85981.1 |
| MacAB | Reslit | 2 | Macrolide | Escherichia coli +2 | - | 2014, 2021 | WJRT00000000|MW036223 | - |
| macAB-tolC | Reslit | 1 | Cefiderocol | Acinetobacter baumannii | - | 2023 | - | - |
Novel macrolide-specific ABC-type efflux transporter in Escherichia coli.
The study identifies the macAB gene as a novel macrolide-specific ABC-type efflux transporter in Escherichia coli, which confers resistance to macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and oleandomycin through active efflux.
Complete genome sequence of the cystic fibrosis pathogen Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996 complies with important pathogenic phenotypes.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996, including beta-lactamases, tetracycline efflux proteins, and macrolide resistance genes, indicating its resistance to various antibiotics.
Protoporphyrin (PPIX) efflux by the MacAB-TolC pump in Escherichia coli.
The study identifies the MacAB-TolC pump as a major efflux system for protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Mutants lacking MacAB or TolC accumulate PPIX and show increased photosensitivity, demonstrating the importance of this pump in PPIX efflux.
The Role of the Two-Component System BaeSR in Disposing Chemicals through Regulating Transporter Systems in Acinetobacter baumannii.
The study identifies that the BaeSR two-component system regulates the expression of efflux pump genes adeA, adeB, adeI, adeJ, adeK, macA, macB, and tolC in Acinetobacter baumannii, contributing to tigecycline resistance. Deletion of baeR reduces the expression of these genes, leading to increased susceptibility to tannic acid and tigecycline.
Enhanced Efflux Activity Facilitates Drug Tolerance in Dormant Bacterial Cells.
The study identifies multiple multi-drug efflux genes, including tolC, acrA, acrB, acrD, acrF, emrA, emrB, macA, and macB, which are significantly upregulated in persister cells, contributing to reduced antibiotic accumulation and increased drug tolerance.
WGS to predict antibiotic MICs for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae that contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics, including cefixime, penicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. These findings are supported by WGS and multivariate linear regression models.
Differences in Gene Expression Profiles between Early and Late Isolates in Monospecies Achromobacter Biofilm.
The study identified upregulation of genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, including macrolide-specific efflux proteins MacA and MacB, RND-type multidrug resistance efflux pump genes AxyA and OprM, and a beta-lactamase gene, suggesting their role in the development of resistance in Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
Genomic insights of Pannonibacter phragmitetus strain 31801 isolated from a patient with a liver abscess.
The study identified a β-lactam resistance gene, NPS β-lactamase, and several multidrug resistance efflux pump genes, including acrB, cmeB, macA, and macB, in Pannonibacter phragmitetus strain 31801, which contributes to its resistance to various antibiotics.
Genome sequencing and analysis of the first spontaneous Nanosilver resistant bacterium Proteus mirabilis strain SCDR1.
The study identifies several AMR genes in the Nanosilver-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain SCDR1, including those conferring resistance to tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, daptomycin, rifamycin, elfamycins, chloramphenicol, and amikacin.
Overexpression of OqxAB and MacAB efflux pumps contributes to eravacycline resistance and heteroresistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The study identifies the overexpression of OqxAB and MacAB efflux pumps, along with the transcriptional regulator RamA, as contributing to eravacycline resistance and heteroresistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mutations in acrR and ramR were also found to be associated with eravacycline resistance.
Adaptation of metal and antibiotic resistant traits in novel β-Proteobacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans BHW-15.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Achromobacter xylosoxidans BHW-15, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics.
Genomic Characterization of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated From Shellfish: Novel Insight Into Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Determinants.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from shellfish, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, polymyxin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and macrolides.
Efflux proteins MacAB confer resistance to arsenite and penicillin/macrolide-type antibiotics in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A
The study identifies that the efflux proteins MacAB in Agrobacterium tumefaciens 5A confer resistance to penicillin-type antibiotics, macrolide-type antibiotics, and arsenite. Deletion of macB reduced resistance to these agents, while heterologous expression in E. coli confirmed the role of MacAB in resistance.
Complete Genomic Analysis of VRE From a Cattle Feedlot: Focus on 2 Antibiotic Resistance.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates from a cattle feedlot, including vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanXY-C, VanR, macA, macB, rlmA (II), erm(A), aac(6')-la, blaEC, tet(A), tet(L), S10p, gyrA, gyrB, msbA, S12p, rpoB, mdfA/cmr, liaF, liaR, liaS, bcrC, mprF, pgsA, ef-G, ef-TU, ddl, alr, kasA, isotRNA, inhA, fabl, murA, folA, and Dfr, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, and others.
Antibiotic resistance plasmid composition and architecture in Escherichia coli isolates from meat.
The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.
Antibiotic Resistance and Phylogeny of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated over Three Decades from Chicken Meat in the Norwegian Food Chain.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from chicken meat in Norway, including beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, and genes involved in resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin.
The ABC-Type Efflux Pump MacAB Is Involved in Protection of Serratia marcescens against Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Polymyxins, and Oxidative Stress.
The MacAB efflux pump in Serratia marcescens is involved in protection against aminoglycoside antibiotics and polymyxins, and it plays a role in motility and biofilm formation. The pump is also essential for survival during oxidative stress.
Phenotypic and genomic characterization of Pseudomonas putida ITEM 17297 spoiler of fresh vegetables: Focus on biofilm and antibiotic resistance interaction.
The study identified a novel ampC allele encoding a class C beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas putida ITEM 17297, along with various efflux pumps contributing to beta-lactam and macrolide resistance.
Genomic analysis of Neisseria elongata isolate from a patient with infective endocarditis.
The study identified several resistance genes in Neisseria elongata isolates, primarily associated with antibiotic efflux pumps. The isolate Nel_M001 was found to possess multiple resistance genes, including cpxR, macAB, mtrCDE, smeR, and tet(35), which are linked to tetracycline resistance.
Hospital sink traps as a potential source of the emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen Cupriavidus pauculus: characterization and draft genome sequence of strain MF1.
The study identifies 12 antibiotic resistance genes in the draft genome of Cupriavidus pauculus strain MF1, including genes encoding β-lactamases, efflux pumps, and a colistin resistance determinant. The isolate shows resistance to meropenem, amoxicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, and colistin, but susceptibility to cefotaxime, cefepime, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin.
Molecular characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolates from poultry in rural Ghana.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Arcobacter butzleri isolates from poultry in Ghana, including blaOXA-464, tetM, ermB, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential for horizontal and vertical transmission of resistance genes.
Resistance mechanisms of tigecycline in Acinetobacter baumannii.
The study identifies several efflux pumps, outer membrane permeability alterations, and antibiotic target modifications as key mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Mutation in the two-component regulator BaeSR mediates cefiderocol resistance and enhances virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii.
Mutations in the two-component regulator BaeSR (D89V in BaeS and S104N in BaeR) mediate cefiderocol resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii by up-regulating efflux pump genes, particularly MFS transporters and MacAB-TolC. Additionally, the BaeS mutation increases virulence by up-regulating the paa operon.
Genomic Insights into the Adaptation and Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms of Williamsia chitiniclastica
The study identifies several AMR genes in Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica, including macA, macB, tehB, tet(H), tet(B), ant(2″)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib, ant(3″)-Ib, bla VEB-1, bla OXA-1, aph(3′)-Ib, sul2, strA, and dfrA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as macrolides, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim.
Unde venis? Bacterial resistance from environmental reservoirs to lettuce: tracking microbiome and resistome over a growth period.
The study identified multidrug and β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in lettuce and water, while lettuce and soil uniquely shared mainly glycopeptide and tetracycline ARGs. Manure was found to be the main source of resistance markers on young lettuce plants.
A scientific research training programme for teaching biomedical students to identify the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes.
The study demonstrated that students could identify the antibiotic resistance integrative and conjugative element (ICE) Sma M1 from the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia MER1 genome and visualize the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from S. maltophilia MER1 to E. coli 25DN through conjugation and PCR assays.
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