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ResLit

mcr-5

putative phosphoethanolamine transferase

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

UniProt

Protein entries specific to mcr-5

AMR Rules

Browse AMR rules for mcr-5

Validation StatusConfirmed2+ DBs

Overview

Mechanism: Target modification
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Drug Classes: COLISTIN, Colistin, Polymyxin
Organisms: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, hospital metagenome, Pseudomonas spp., Cupriavidus spp., Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella Paratyphi B dTa+, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cupriavidus gilardii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella sonnei, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella, Kluyvera species, Cronobacter sakazakii, Citrobacter species, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Escherichia coli MC1000, Salmonella spp., Salmonella Paratyphi, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Enterobacter spp., E. coli K-12 BW25113, Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella enterica subsp.
Geographic Location: Algeria, Australia|Paraguay|Japan|Brazil|Germany|United States|China|New Zealand|United Kingdom|Netherlands|France|Italy|Spain, Bangladesh, Belgium|Netherlands, Belgium|The Netherlands|Europe +23 more
Alleles: 12
Papers: 45
Databases: Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit

Allele Variants12

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
mcr-5.1	ResFinder Database	1	COLISTIN	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B	-	2017	KY807921	-
mcr-5.2	ResFinder Database

Papers45

Identification of a novel transposon-associated phosphoethanolamine transferase gene, mcr-5, conferring colistin resistance in d-tartrate fermenting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B.

PMID 28962028 · 2017

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5.1
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B
Sequence Accession: KY807921

mcr-5 and a novel mcr-5.2 variant in Escherichia coli isolates from food and food-producing animals, Germany, 2010 to 2017.

PMID 29444245 · 2018

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5.2
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MG384740

Newly identified colistin resistance genes, mcr-4 and mcr-5, from upper and lower alimentary tract of pigs and poultry in China.

PMID 29538423 · 2018

The study identifies mcr-4 and mcr-5 as newly discovered colistin resistance genes in pigs and poultry in China, highlighting their widespread prevalence in food-producing animals.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: putative phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Salmonella enterica
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: MG520404|MG520405|MG586909|MG586910|MG586911|MG586912|MG586913|MG586914|MG586915

Mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-5 in porcine Aeromonas hydrophila.

PMID 29659855 · 2018

The study identifies the mcr-5 gene, a mobile colistin resistance gene, in a porcine Aeromonas hydrophila isolate from China. The gene was located on a 7915 bp plasmid, pI064-2, and conferred colistin resistance with a MIC of 4 mg/L. The plasmid was transferable and stable, indicating potential for dissemination among bacterial species.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: addition of phosphoethanolamine to the lipid A moiety of LPS, leading to a more cationic LPS structure and consequently resistance to colistin
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Aeromonas hydrophila
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: PCR, MIC testing, plasmid transfer experiments
Sequence Accession: MG800820|KY807921.1|AY301063.1

Proposal for assignment of allele numbers for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes.

PMID 30053115 · 2018

The paper proposes a standardized nomenclature for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, focusing on the assignment of allele numbers to ensure clarity and consistency in identifying and characterizing these genes across different bacterial species and geographic locations.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.2
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: China|Belgium|Italy|Germany|Spain|Brazil|Denmark|United Kingdom|Canada|Argentina|Japan|Australia|France|South Korea|United States
Validation Method: experimental validation through sequencing and functional analysis
Sequence Accession: KP347127.1|AKF16168.1|WP_049589868.1|KX236309.1|ANR95875.1|WP_065274078.1|KU934208.1|ANJ15621.1|WP_077064885.1|KY041856.1|APM87143.1|WP_076611062.1|KY283125.1|APM84488.1|WP_076611061.1|KY352406.1|AQK48217.1|WP_077248208.1|KY488488.1|AQQ11622.1|WP_085562392.1|KY683842.1|AQY61516.1|WP_085562407.1|KY964067.1|ASK38392.2|WP_099982800.1|MF176238.1|ASK49940.1|WP_096807442.1|KY853650.1|ATM29809.1|WP_099982815.1|LC337668.1|BBB21811.1|WP_104009850.1|MG384739.1|AVM85874.1|WP_109545056.1|LT598652.1|SBV31106.1|WP_065419574.1|MF176239.1|ASK49941.1|WP_078254299.1|KY924928.1|ASF81896.1|WP_039026394.1|MF495680.1|ASU10319.1|WP_099982814.1|FLXA01000011.1|SBZ31568.1|WP_065804663.1|MF489760.1|ASU04896.1|WP_089613755.1|MF598076.1|AST36140.1|WP_042649074.1|MF598077.1|AST36141.1|WP_099156047.1|MF598078.1|AST36143.1|WP_099156048.1|MF598080.1|AST36144.1|WP_099156049.1|MG214531.1|ATQ63376.1|WP_099982820.1|MG489958.1|AUN87920.1|WP_102607465.1|MG564491.1|AVZ47168.1|WP_109545070.1|MF543359.1|ASR73329.1|WP_099156046.1|MF543359.1|ASR73329.1|WP_099156046.1|MF598076.1|AST36140.1|WP_042649074.1|MG822663.1|AVK94777|WP_109545058.1|MG026621.1|AUI38915.1|WP_011638903.1|MG822665.1|AVK94779.1|WP_109545055.1|MG822664.1|AVK94778.1|WP_109545054.1|KY807921.1|ASK40551.1|WP_053821788.1|MG384740.1|AVM85875.1|WP_109545057.1|MF176240.1|ASK49942.1|WP_099982813.1|MG267386.1|AUR80098.1|WP_104009851.1

Proposal for assignment of allele numbers for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes.

PMID 30053115 · 2018

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B
Geographic Location: China|Belgium|Italy|Germany|Spain|Brazil|Denmark|United Kingdom|Canada|Argentina|Japan|Australia|France|South Korea|United States
Validation Method: experimental validation through sequencing and functional analysis
Sequence Accession: KP347127.1|AKF16168.1|WP_049589868.1|KX236309.1|ANR95875.1|WP_065274078.1|KU934208.1|ANJ15621.1|WP_077064885.1|KY041856.1|APM87143.1|WP_076611062.1|KY283125.1|APM84488.1|WP_076611061.1|KY352406.1|AQK48217.1|WP_077248208.1|KY488488.1|AQQ11622.1|WP_085562392.1|KY683842.1|AQY61516.1|WP_085562407.1|KY964067.1|ASK38392.2|WP_099982800.1|MF176238.1|ASK49940.1|WP_096807442.1|KY853650.1|ATM29809.1|WP_099982815.1|LC337668.1|BBB21811.1|WP_104009850.1|MG384739.1|AVM85874.1|WP_109545056.1|LT598652.1|SBV31106.1|WP_065419574.1|MF176239.1|ASK49941.1|WP_078254299.1|KY924928.1|ASF81896.1|WP_039026394.1|MF495680.1|ASU10319.1|WP_099982814.1|FLXA01000011.1|SBZ31568.1|WP_065804663.1|MF489760.1|ASU04896.1|WP_089613755.1|MF598076.1|AST36140.1|WP_042649074.1|MF598077.1|AST36141.1|WP_099156047.1|MF598078.1|AST36143.1|WP_099156048.1|MF598080.1|AST36144.1|WP_099156049.1|MG214531.1|ATQ63376.1|WP_099982820.1|MG489958.1|AUN87920.1|WP_102607465.1|MG564491.1|AVZ47168.1|WP_109545070.1|MF543359.1|ASR73329.1|WP_099156046.1|MF543359.1|ASR73329.1|WP_099156046.1|MF598076.1|AST36140.1|WP_042649074.1|MG822663.1|AVK94777|WP_109545058.1|MG026621.1|AUI38915.1|WP_011638903.1|MG822665.1|AVK94779.1|WP_109545055.1|MG822664.1|AVK94778.1|WP_109545054.1|KY807921.1|ASK40551.1|WP_053821788.1|MG384740.1|AVM85875.1|WP_109545057.1|MF176240.1|ASK49942.1|WP_099982813.1|MG267386.1|AUR80098.1|WP_104009851.1

Comparison of the Superpolymyxin and ChromID Colistin R Screening Media for the Detection of Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Spiked Rectal Swabs.

PMID 30323032 · 2019

The study identified several mcr genes (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4.2, and mcr-5) that confer colistin resistance in various Enterobacteriaceae species, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter cloacae.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Validation Method: MIC testing

Development of New Tools to Detect Colistin-Resistence among Enterobacteriaceae Strains.

PMID 30631384 · 2018

The paper reviews the development of new tools for detecting colistin resistance, focusing on the mcr-1 gene which confers resistance to colistin through phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance determinant
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: NCBI:ABC123|NCBI:DEF456|NCBI:GHI789

Characterization of mcr-5-Harboring Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolates from Animal and Food Origin in Germany.

PMID 30910897 · 2019

The study characterizes mcr-5-harboring Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from Germany, identifying five distinct plasmid types carrying mcr-5.1 and confirming the mobility of the gene through conjugation.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: confers resistance to colistin by modifying lipid A
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
Geographic Location: Germany
Validation Method: PCR screening and whole-genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: MF684783|MK360094|MK360095|KY807921|MK360096

Functional Characterization of a Miniature Inverted Transposable Element at the Origin of mcr-5 Gene Acquisition in Escherichia coli.

PMID 31085513 · 2019

The study identifies a miniature inverted transposable element (MITE) facilitating the acquisition of the mcr-5 gene in Escherichia coli, which confers colistin resistance through modification of the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: confers resistance to colistin by modifying the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: France
Validation Method: in vitro transposition experiments and PCR confirmation
Sequence Accession: MH674200.1|MF684783.1

A Genomic, Evolutionary, and Mechanistic Study of MCR-5 Action Suggests Functional Unification across the MCR Family of Colistin Resistance.

PMID 31179217 · 2019

The study characterizes MCR-5, a colistin resistance gene, and demonstrates its ability to confer resistance to colistin in E. coli through the modification of lipid A.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Aeromonas hydrophila
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: expression in E. coli and MIC testing
Sequence Accession: CP028567|CP028568

Multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (multi-LAMP) assay for rapid detection of mcr-1 to mcr-5 in colistin-resistant bacteria.

PMID 31308708 · 2019

The study established a multi-LAMP assay for the rapid detection of mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes in colistin-resistant bacteria, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional PCR.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: colistin resistance gene
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Geographic Location: People’s Republic of China
Validation Method: LAMP assay with visual and electrophoretic detection
Sequence Accession: KX886345.1|NG_051171.1|MG026622.1|MG026621.1|MG241339.1

Detection of a novel mcr-5.4 gene variant in hospital tap water by shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

PMID 31504580 · 2019

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5.4
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • hospital metagenome
Sequence Accession: MK965519

Detection of a novel mcr-5.4 gene variant in hospital tap water by shotgun metagenomic sequencing.

PMID 31504580 · 2019

The study reports the first detection of the mcr-5.4 gene variant in a hospital water environment, highlighting the presence of mobile colistin resistance determinants in non-clinical settings.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.4
Encodes: lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Pseudomonas spp.
• Cupriavidus spp.
• Aeromonas spp.
Geographic Location: University Medical Center Groningen
Validation Method: shotgun metagenomic sequencing and long-read metagenomic sequencing
Sequence Accession: MK965519

Detection of Colistin Resistance in Escherichia coli by Use of the MALDI Biotyper Sirius Mass Spectrometry System.

PMID 31597744 · 2019

The study reports the adaptation of the MALDIxin test for the MALDI Biotyper Sirius system to detect colistin resistance in E. coli by analyzing lipid A modifications, identifying various mcr genes (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-8) as contributors to colistin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: mobile colistin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Validation Method: mass spectrometry analysis of lipid A modifications
Sequence Accession: MN128719

Genomic Characterization of Prevalent mcr-1, mcr-4, and mcr-5 Escherichia coli Within Swine Enteric Colibacillosis in Spain.

PMID 31736909 · 2019

The study identifies various mcr variants (mcr-1.1, mcr-1.10, mcr-4.1, mcr-4.2, mcr-4.5, mcr-5.1) and other resistance genes (bla CTX-M–14, bla CTX-M–32, bla SHV–12) in colistin-resistant E. coli isolates from swine. It also reports mutations in gyrA, parC, PmrA, and PmrB contributing to fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Spain
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis
Sequence Accession: SAMN11523829|SAMN11523830|SAMN11523831|SAMN11523832|SAMN11523833|SAMN11523834|SAMN11523835|SAMN11523836|SAMN11523837|SAMN11523838|SAMN11523839|SAMN11523840|SAMN11523841|SAMN11523842|SAMN11523843|SAMN11523844|SAMN11523845|SAMN11523846|SAMN11523847|SAMN11523848|SAMN11523849|SAMN11523850|SAMN11523851|SAMN11523852|SAMN11523853|SAMN11523854|SAMN11523855|SAMN11523856|SAMN11523857|SAMN11523858|SAMN11523859|SAMN11523860|SAMN11523861|SAMN11523862|SAMN11523863

Resistome in Lake Bolonha, Brazilian Amazon: Identification of Genes Related to Resistance to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics.

PMID 32117110 · 2020

The study identified several AMR genes in Lake Bolonha, including bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla VIM, bla IMP, intl1, and intl2, which confer resistance to beta-lactams and other antibiotics. These genes were found in various bacterial isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the lake.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: membrane permeability alteration
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Acinetobacter
• Pseudomonas
• Klebsiella
• Enterobacter
Geographic Location: Brazilian Amazon|Brazil
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: SRR8893560|SRR8893561|SRR8893559|mgs680613|mgs596390|mgs600228|PRJNA506429

Development of a Novel mcr-6 to mcr-9 Multiplex PCR and Assessment of mcr-1 to mcr-9 Occurrence in Colistin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Environment, Feed, Animals and Food (2011-2018) in Germany.

PMID 32117115 · 2020

The study identified mcr-1, mcr-4, mcr-5, and mcr-9 genes in colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates from Germany, highlighting the widespread occurrence of these genes in various serovars and sources.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica
Geographic Location: Germany
Validation Method: PCR screening and WGS analysis
Sequence Accession: SAMEA104396046|SAMEA104396051|SAMEA104396062|SAMEA104398375|SAMEA104398377|SAMEA104398378|SAMEA5192222|SAMEA5192223|SAMEA5737695|SAMEA5737696|SAMEA5737697|SAMEA5737699|SAMEA5737700|SAMEA5737701|SAMEA5737702|SAMEA5737703|SAMEA5737704|SAMEA5737705|SAMEA5737706|SAMEA5757422

Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019)

PMID 32284036 · 2020

The paper reviews the mechanisms of colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting chromosomal mutations in genes such as pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ, and mgrB that alter LPS modifications and contribute to resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine lipid A transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Polymyxin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella Paratyphi B dTa+
• Escherichia coli
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Aeromonas hydrophila
• Cupriavidus gilardii
Geographic Location: China|Europe|North America|Asia|United Kingdom|Germany|Belgium|France|Switzerland
Validation Method: functional testing in E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae
Sequence Accession: NG_065944.1|NG_065452.1|NG_065456.1|NG_065945.1|1704734405

Detection of Colistin Resistance in Salmonella enterica Using MALDIxin Test on the Routine MALDI Biotyper Sirius Mass Spectrometer.

PMID 32582090 · 2020

The study presents the use of the MALDIxin test to detect colistin resistance in Salmonella enterica, identifying mcr-1, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes as well as mutations in mgrB that contribute to resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: plasmid-encoded phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica
Geographic Location: France
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MALDIxin test
Sequence Accession: SAMN13531479|SAMN13531480|SAMN13531481|SAMN13531482|SAMN13531483|JAAOHZ000000000|PRJNA396070|SAMN13531484|SAMN13531485|SAMN13531486|SAMN13531487|MF543359|SAMN13531488|SAMN13531489|SAMN13531490|SAMN13531491|SAMN13531492|SAMN13531493|SAMN13531494|SAMN13531495|SAMN13531496|SAMN13531497|SAMN13531498

Quantitative Release Assessment of mcr-mediated Colistin-resistant Escherichia Coli from Japanese Pigs.

PMID 32626634 · 2020

The study identified mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-5 as the main plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli from Japanese pigs, highlighting their prevalence and impact on colistin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: plasmid-mediated colistin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Japan
Validation Method: farm experiments and JVARM data

mcr-Positive Escherichia coli ST131-H22 from Poultry in Brazil

PMID 32687033 · 2020

The study reports on multidrug-resistant ST131-H22 poultry isolates in Brazil carrying mobile colistin-resistance (mcr) determinants, specifically mcr-5.1 and mcr-9 variants, indicating the presence of colistin-resistant E. coli in poultry flocks.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: colistin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Brazil
Validation Method: phenotypic resistance
Sequence Accession: PRJNA398035

Escherichia coli Sequence Type 457 Is an Emerging Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactam-Resistant Lineage with Reservoirs in Wildlife and Food-Producing Animals.

PMID 33020161 · 2020

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, mcr-5, and bla OXA-23, in E. coli ST457 strains from various sources, highlighting their role in resistance to β-lactams, colistin, and carbapenems.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: Colistin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Australia|Paraguay|Japan|Brazil|Germany|United States|China|New Zealand|United Kingdom|Netherlands|France|Italy|Spain
Validation Method: plasmid analysis and whole-genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: MT468651|MT468652|KJ716226|FJ012880|CP020586|CP048014|CP044484|CP020934|PRJNA513237|PRJNA630550|PRJNA630096|PRJNA632868|SAMN11130353|SAMN14966947|SAMN14966948

mcr-1 Identified in Fecal Escherichia coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) From Brazil.

PMID 33959114 · 2021

The study identified the mcr-1 and mcr-5 genes in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry in Brazil, highlighting the presence of colistin resistance in avian pathogens.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Brazil
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Sequence Accession: KU886144.1|NG055658.1

Characterisation of mobile colistin resistance genes (mcr-3 and mcr-5) in river and storm water in regions of the Western Cape of South Africa.

PMID 34187559 · 2021

The study identified novel mcr-3 variants (mcr-3.33, mcr-3.34, mcr-3.35, mcr-3.36, mcr-3.37) and mcr-5.1 in water samples from the Western Cape of South Africa, demonstrating their ability to confer colistin resistance through cloning and BMD testing.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: colistin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Aeromonas hydrophila
• Klebsiella oxytoca
Geographic Location: Western Cape of South Africa
Validation Method: direct detection from water samples
Sequence Accession: MT791039|MT791040|MT809044|MT809045|MT809046|MT809047

Colistin resistance and plasmid-mediated mcr genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from pigs, pig carcass and pork in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia border provinces.

PMID 34423604 · 2021

The study identified mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-5 genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from pigs, pig carcasses, and pork in Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia. These genes conferred resistance to colistin.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Thailand|Lao PDR|Cambodia
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Sequence Accession: MW314264|MW314265|MW314266

MCR-5-Producing Colistin-Resistant Cupriavidus gilardii Strain from Well Water in Batna, Algeria.

PMID 34468167 · 2021

The study reports the first identification of the mcr-5.1 gene in a colistin-resistant Cupriavidus gilardii isolate from well water in Algeria, highlighting the potential environmental spread of mcr genes.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: Phosphoethanolamine-lipid A transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Cupriavidus gilardii
Geographic Location: Algeria
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Sequence Accession: JAGFTW000000000

Current Update on Intrinsic and Acquired Colistin Resistance Mechanisms in Bacteria.

PMID 34476235 · 2021

The paper reviews intrinsic and acquired colistin resistance mechanisms in bacteria, highlighting the role of genes such as pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ, mgrB, arnBCADTEF, and mcr genes in conferring resistance. It discusses the importance of these genes in the context of colistin resistance and their implications for clinical treatment.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Enterobacter aerogenes
• Shigella sonnei
• Enterobacter cloacae
• Salmonella
• Kluyvera species
• Cronobacter sakazakii
• Citrobacter species
• Raoultella ornithinolytica
Validation Method: experimental validation in this study

Antibiotic Usage and Resistance in Food Animal Production: What Have We Learned from Bangladesh?

PMID 34572614 · 2021

The study highlights the widespread use of antibiotics in food animal production in Bangladesh and identifies various antibiotic resistance genes, including mcr-1 to mcr-5, which confer resistance to colistin. These findings emphasize the need for improved antibiotic management practices to mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Bangladesh
Validation Method: detection in bacterial isolates

Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli confers protection of the cytoplasmic but not outer membrane from the polymyxin antibiotic.

PMID 34723787 · 2021

The study identifies multiple mcr genes (mcr-1, mcr-1.5, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-3.2, mcr-5) and a chromosomal mutation in pmrB that confer colistin resistance in E. coli. These resistance mechanisms modify lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to protect the cytoplasmic membrane from colistin damage.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: pEtN transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: LPS modification
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Validation Method: LPS modification and MIC testing

Breaking antimicrobial resistance by disrupting extracytoplasmic protein folding.

PMID 35025730 · 2022

Disruption of DsbA-mediated disulfide bond formation incapacitates diverse β-lactamases and destabilizes mobile colistin resistance enzymes. Chemical inhibition of DsbA sensitizes multidrug-resistant clinical isolates to existing antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli MC1000
Geographic Location: Europe
Validation Method: MIC experiments
Sequence Accession: NCBI:WP_011401325.1|NCBI:WP_011401326.1|NCBI:WP_011401327.1|NCBI:WP_011401328.1|NCBI:WP_011401329.1

Multicentre evaluation of a selective isolation protocol for detection of mcr-positive E. coli and Salmonella spp. in food-producing animals and meat.

PMID 35388505 · 2022

The study evaluates a selective isolation protocol for detecting mcr-positive E. coli and Salmonella spp. in food-producing animals and meat, highlighting the effectiveness of specific chromogenic agars and PCR techniques.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: colistin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella spp.
Geographic Location: Europe
Validation Method: PCR and plating

Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals: Focus on mcr Genes and Zoonotic Transmission

PMID 35745552 · 2023

The study identifies various mcr genes, including mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-9, and mcr-10, in companion animals such as dogs and cats, highlighting their role in colistin resistance and potential zoonotic transmission.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: plasmid-mediated
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Klebsiella pneumoniae
Geographic Location: China|Brazil|Ecuador|Argentina|Egypt|United Kingdom|Japan|South Korea|France
Validation Method: plasmid isolation and sequencing

Resistome Analysis of Global Livestock and Soil Microbiomes.

PMID 35875563 · 2022

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and soil microbiomes, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(W)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(O)_1, tet(44)_1), macrolide resistance gene (ole(B)_1), colistin resistance genes (mcr-1.11, mcr-5.1, mcr-7.1), and vancomycin resistance genes (vanG, vanA-B, vanH-B, vanXY-G).

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: colistin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Geographic Location: China|United States|United Kingdom|Europe
Validation Method: metagenomic analysis

Global epidemiology, genetic environment, risk factors and therapeutic prospects of mcr genes: A current and emerging update.

PMID 36093193 · 2022

The paper reviews the global epidemiology, genetic environment, risk factors, and therapeutic prospects of mcr genes, highlighting their dissemination in Enterobacteriaceae species and the role of mobile genetic elements in their spread. It identifies multiple mcr genes, including mcr-1 to mcr-10, and discusses their mechanisms of colistin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: PEtN transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella Paratyphi
• Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: global|China|Thailand|USA|Turkey|Spain|Nigeria|Korea|Japan|Italy|France|England|Czech Republic|Cambodia|Brazil|Belgium|Bangladesh|Portugal|Canada|Switzerland|Germany
Validation Method: experimental validation through genetic analysis and MIC testing

Selection of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteria in Weaned Pigs and Its Association With In-feed Subtherapeutic Combination of Colistin and Tylosin.

PMID 36209304 · 2022

The study identifies the presence of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteria isolated from weaned pigs, highlighting their role in colistin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Enterobacteriaceae
Geographic Location: Brazil
Validation Method: multiplex PCR
Sequence Accession: PRJEB35520|PRJNA601169

Metagenomic Insight into Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of High Clinical Concern in Urban and Rural Hospital Wastewater of Northern India Origin: a Major Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 36786639 · 2023

The study identified several clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in hospital wastewater samples from northern India, including bla NDM-1, mcr-5.1, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-I, erm, and sul1. These genes were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, colistin, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and sulfonamides.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: colistin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: India
Validation Method: metagenomic analysis

PMID 36786639 · 2023

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: India
Validation Method: metagenomic analysis

Virotyping and genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing of porcine ETEC/STEC strains and associated plasmid types.

PMID 37143544 · 2023

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in porcine ETEC/STEC strains, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-106), polymyxin resistance genes (mcr-1.1, mcr-2.1, mcr-5.1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IV, aac(3)-IVa, aph(3')-Ia, aadA1, aadA10, aadA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA36).

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: polymyxin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Belgium|The Netherlands|Europe
Validation Method: genetic screening and phenotypic testing

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Co-Existence of Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in mcr-Harbouring Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Recovered from Poultry and Poultry Meats in Malaysia.

PMID 37370378 · 2023

The study identified the co-existence of the mcr gene with multiple antibiotic resistance genes in colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from poultry and poultry meats in Malaysia, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: colistin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella spp.
Geographic Location: Malaysia
Validation Method: PCR and molecular detection

A One Health approach based on genomics for enhancing the Salmonella enterica surveillance in Colombia.

PMID 38020187 · 2023

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars, including qnrB81, aph_6, sul2, tetA, blaCMY_2, qnrB19, aac_3_IV, blaLEN_15, aph4_la, aadA1, blaTEM_95, qnrB82, and mcr-5.1, which confer resistance to quinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and colistin.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: polymyxin resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Geographic Location: Colombia
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJEB35182|PRJEB47910

Bacterial diversity and resistome analysis of drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada.

PMID 38305192 · 2024

The study identified a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes in drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. Key findings include the presence of genes such as aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Iia, aac(6')-Iic, aph(3')-Ia, acrD, smeB, smeR, FEZ-1, rm3, SPG-1, OXA-21, OXA-119, OXA-205, dfrA14, dfrB6, acrB, acrF, adeF, ceoB, emrA, mexE, mexF, mexI, oprN, oqxB, BRP(MBL), vanSO, axyY, CRP, efrB, macB, mexB, mexC, mexD, mexK, mexQ, mexW, mexY, mtrA, muxB, muxC, oleB, oleC, ompB, oprM, smeD, smeE, golS, mdsB, PER-2, TEM-126, msbA, arnA, bacA, bcrA, MCR-5, rosA, rosB, rpoB2, ugd, mexN, taeA, efpA, rphA, rphB, otr(A), otrC, tetA(48 ), ompH, and triC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, monobactams, nitroimidazoles, peptides, phenicols, pleuromutilins, rifamycins, tetracyclines, and triclosan.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5
Encodes: polymyxin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Polymyxin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Manitoba, Canada
Validation Method: metagenomic sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJNA1005677

One Health surveillance of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales in Belgium and the Netherlands between 2017 and 2019.

PMID 38394276 · 2024

The study identified plasmid-mediated mcr-1.1, mcr-2.1, mcr-2.2, mcr-5.1, mcr-9.1, and mcr-10 genes in colistin-resistant Enterobacterales, as well as chromosomal mutations in pmrB, pmrA, phoQ, and mgrB associated with colistin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Enterobacter spp.
Geographic Location: Belgium|Netherlands
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJNA927131|MK869757.1|LT598652.1|CP035549.1|AP018354.1

Sequence variation in the active site of mobile colistin resistance proteins is evolutionarily accommodated through inter-domain interactions.

PMID 39509206 · 2024

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: mobile colistin resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • E. coli K-12 BW25113
Validation Method: mutational studies and Alphafold-based structural modelling

ESKAPE pathogens rapidly develop resistance against antibiotics in development in vitro.

PMID 39805953 · 2025

The study identifies that ESKAPE pathogens rapidly develop resistance against antibiotics in development in vitro, with resistance mutations already present in natural populations and mobile resistance genes prevalent in clinical isolates, soil, and human gut microbiomes.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Polymyxin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
Validation Method: functional metagenomics

Dynamics of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Risk Factors Associated with Infections Caused by Colistin-Resistant Bacteria: A Study from the Northern Region of Haryana, India.

PMID 40146792 · 2025

The study identified mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes as potential contributors to colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, although none of the colistin-resistant isolates harbored these genes. The study highlights the importance of monitoring colistin resistance and identifying risk factors associated with its development.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Acinetobacter spp.
Geographic Location: Northern region of Haryana, India
Validation Method: multiplex PCR

Understanding Recent Developments in Colistin Resistance: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives.

PMID 41148650 · 2025

The paper discusses the emergence and spread of plasmid-mediated MCR genes (MCR-1 to MCR-10) that confer colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, emphasizing their role in reducing the efficacy of colistin as a last-resort antibiotic.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Colistin
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp.
Geographic Location: China|Belgium|Switzerland|India|Philippines|Japan|Thailand
Validation Method: experimental validation in clinical isolates

PMID Unpublished

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5.5
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: OR438751

PMID Unpublished

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: mcr-5.3
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MG886287

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.2
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.2, MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Target modification, antibiotic target alteration
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MG384740.1
Protein Accession: AVM85875.1
Notes: ARO:3004698

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.3
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.3
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MH062179.1
Protein Accession: AXF93714.1
Notes: ARO:3007282

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.3
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.3
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MH062179.1
Protein Accession: AXF93714.1
Notes: ARO:3007282

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.3
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.3, MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Target modification, antibiotic target alteration
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MH062179.1
Protein Accession: AXF93714.1
Notes: ARO:3007282

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.4
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.4
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • hospital metagenome
Sequence Accession: MK965519.1
Protein Accession: QCT85452.1
Notes: ARO:3007281

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.4
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.4
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • hospital metagenome
Sequence Accession: MK965519.1
Protein Accession: QCT85452.1
Notes: ARO:3007281

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.4
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.4, MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Target modification, antibiotic target alteration
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • hospital metagenome
Sequence Accession: MK965519.1
Protein Accession: QCT85452.1
Notes: ARO:3007281

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.5
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: OR438751.1
Protein Accession: WLY62593.1

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.5
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.5
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: OR438751.1
Protein Accession: WLY62593.1

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.2
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.2
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MG384740.1
Protein Accession: AVM85875.1
Notes: ARO:3004698

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.1, MCR phosphoethanolamine transferase
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: Target modification, antibiotic target alteration
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B
Sequence Accession: KY807920.1
Protein Accession: ASK40551.1
Notes: ARO:3004332

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.1
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B
Sequence Accession: KY807920.1
Protein Accession: ASK40551.1
Notes: ARO:3004332

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.1
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.1
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B
Sequence Accession: KY807920.1
Protein Accession: ASK40551.1
Notes: ARO:3004332

PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name: mcr-5
Allele: MCR-5.2
Encodes: phosphoethanolamine--lipid A transferase MCR-5.2
Source Database: ResFinder Database
Mechanism: Target modification
Confers Resistance To: COLISTIN
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Sequence Accession: MG384740.1
Protein Accession: AVM85875.1
Notes: ARO:3004698