Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
membrane protein
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mdf(A) | Reslit | 1 | Macrolide, Lincosamide +1 | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | - | 2019 | CP034177|CP034178|CP035545|CP035546 | - |
| mdf(A) | Reslit |
| 40 |
| Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol +29 |
| Acinetobacter baumannii +14 |
| Japan, Brazil, Spain, Spain|France, Jakarta, Singapore, Ghana, South Korea, India|Ghana|Nepal|Laos, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA|USA, Europe, England, central Adriatic Sea|Croatia|Croatian marine environment, Italy|Pavia, Northern Italy, Germany, Zhejiang Province, China, Sweden, Thailand, Shanxi Province, China, United Kingdom|High-risk countries, San Francisco, CA, USA, Netherlands, Uganda, Shanghai, China, Ethiopia, Southern India|India |
| 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 |
| NC_000913|HG941718|CP021454|NZ_CP018664|AP012280|NC_002516 |
| - |
Rapid, multiplexed, whole genome and plasmid sequencing of foodborne pathogens using long-read nanopore technology.
The study identifies the multidrug resistance gene Mdf(A) in Escherichia coli O157:H7, which confers resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B.
Oral colonisation by antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative bacteria among long-term care facility residents: prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology.
The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.
International clones of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CTX-M)-producing Escherichia coli in peri-urban wild animals, Brazil.
The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.
Prevalence of Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain: Phenotypic and Genome-Based Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility.
The study identified various AMR genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in the Basque Country, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing strains.
Comparative analysis of multidrug resistance plasmids and genetic background of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli recovered from captive wild animals.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Escherichia coli from Wild Birds and Rodents in Singapore.
Molecular Characteristics of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), and Multidrug Resistant E. coli Isolated from Healthy Dogs in Spain. Whole Genome Sequencing of Canine ST372 Isolates and Comparison with Human Isolates Causing Extraintestinal Infections.
The study identified several AMR genes in canine ST372 isolates, including blaTEM-1A, sul1, aadA1, dfrA1, and mdf(A), which confer resistance to beta-lactams, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines respectively. These genes were found in the genomes of the isolates through whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis.
Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Minnesota Clonal Lineages Associated with Poultry Production in Brazil.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aac(6')-Iaa, mdf(A), sul2, tet(A), blaCMY-2, aph(3')-Ia_1, qnrB19, and ant(3'')-Ia, in Salmonella Minnesota isolates from Brazilian poultry farms, indicating widespread resistance to various antibiotics.
Genomic characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) of avian origin and rabbit ileal loop response; a pet macaw (Ara chloropterus) as a possible zoonotic reservoir.
The study identified an EPEC strain from a pet macaw, MA-81, which exhibited resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics due to the presence of the mdf(A) gene.
Genome-based characterization of Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infection through next-generation sequencing.
The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Jurong Lake, Singapore with Whole-Genome-Sequencing.
The study identified several extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-55, along with mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1 for colistin resistance. Additionally, various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, mdf(A), mph(A), and others were found in the isolates, indicating multidrug resistance.
Clonal Clusters, Molecular Resistance Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Chronic Wounds in Ghana.
The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Emergence of High Level Carbapenem and Extensively Drug Resistant Escherichia coli ST746 Producing NDM-5 in Influent of Wastewater Treatment Plant, Seoul, South Korea.
The study reports the emergence of a high-level carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli strain N7 producing NDM-5, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes.
Flomoxef and fosfomycin in combination for the treatment of neonatal sepsis in the setting of highly prevalent antimicrobial resistance.
The study evaluated the combination of flomoxef and fosfomycin for treating neonatal sepsis in settings with high antimicrobial resistance. It found that the combination showed synergy in bacterial killing and prevented the emergence of fosfomycin resistance. Specific AMR genes and mutations were identified in Enterobacterales strains, including beta-lactamases and efflux pumps.
Similarities in Virulence and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gene Profiles among Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Wastewater and Clinical Isolates.
The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-350, blaOXA-1, and blaCTX-M-15, as well as various aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from hospital and urban wastewater. Mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Genomic Analysis of Escherichia coli Longitudinally Isolated from Broiler Breeder Flocks after the Application of an Autogenous Vaccine.
The study identified 25 antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from broiler breeder flocks, with mdf(A) and sitABCD being the most prevalent. Tet(A) was also detected, primarily in Farm A.
HAM-ART: An optimised culture-free Hi-C metagenomics pipeline for tracking antimicrobial resistance genes in complex microbial communities.
The study identified various AMR genes, including aadA1, aadA2, blaCFE-1, cmlA1, dfrA12, mdf(A), sul3, tet(34), and lnu(A), in pig fecal microbiomes. Notably, the lnu(A) gene was exclusively found in conventional farms and associated with Lactobacillus species.
Submarine Outfalls of Treated Wastewater Effluents are Sources of Extensively- and Multidrug-Resistant KPC- and OXA-48-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Coastal Marine Environment.
The study identified extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in coastal marine environments, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, and others.
Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of Clone ST1193 Clonotype 14-64 in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli in Spain.
The study identified the occurrence of fluoroquinolone-resistant ST1193 clone in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) caused by Escherichia coli in Spain. Several AMR genes and mutations were characterized, including blaTEM-1B, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mdf(A), mph(A), sul2, dfrA14, dfrA17, sitABCD, and chromosomal mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (L416F).
OXA-244-Producing ST131 Escherichia coli From Surface and Groundwaters of Pavia Urban Area (Po Plain, Northern Italy).
The study identified OXA-244-producing ST131 Escherichia coli in surface and groundwater samples from Pavia, Italy. Key resistance genes included bla CTX-M-type, bla OXA-244, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qnrS.
Highly Virulent and Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Sequence Type 58 from a Sausage in Germany.
The study identified a highly virulent and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain ST58 from a pork sausage in Germany, carrying resistance genes for beta-lactams, macrolides, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and diaminopyrimidines, along with heavy metal resistance genes.
Large-Scale Studies on Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli from Food Animals in Developed Areas of Eastern China.
The study identified mcr-1, tet(X4), and blaNDM-5 genes in Escherichia coli from food animals in eastern China, highlighting their role in resistance to colistin, tigecycline, and meropenem, respectively. These genes were found to be transferable via plasmids, emphasizing the potential for spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars in Brazil.
The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Isolation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica).
Two CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains were isolated from Japanese red fox fecal samples, harboring various AMR genes and mutations. One strain carried aph(3")-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, mdf(A), sitABCD, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), while the other had gyrA(S83L), parC(S80I, E84V), and parE(I529L) mutations along with mdf(A) and sitABCD.
Vaginal Bacteria in Mares and the Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance.
The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from mares, including dfrA14 for trimethoprim resistance, mdf(A) for chloramphenicol resistance, sul2 for sulfonamide resistance, blaEC for beta-lactam resistance, and aph(6)-Id for streptomycin resistance.
Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and additional co-existence with mcr genes from river water in northern Thailand.
The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).
Metagenomic analysis reveals patterns and hosts of antibiotic resistance in different pig farms.
The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig manure samples from different regions of Shanxi, China, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. Key ARGs included tet(W), tet(40), tet(Q), erm(B), erm(F), mef(A), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, cfr(C), floR, blaACI-1, optrA, cat, cfxA4, cfxA5, blaCTX-M-105, blaCTX-M-65, fexB, erm(T), mdf(A), and ole(B).
Antimicrobial Resistance in Vaginal Bacteria in Inseminated Mares.
The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli, S. equisimilis, and S. simulans, including sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA14, tet(A), mdf(A), blaEC-5, blaTEM-1, blaTEM-1B, blaEC, catB3, aadA5, aph(6)-ld, lsaC, and blaZ, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics.
Investigating Possible Interspecies Communication of Plasmids Associated with Transfer of Third-Generation Cephalosporin, Quinolone, and Colistin Resistance Between Simultaneously Isolated Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae.
The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-14, qnrS1, mcr-1.1, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the transfer of resistance genes between species.
Prevalence and Persistence of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in the Gut of Travelers Returning to the United Kingdom is Associated with Colonization by Pathogenic Escherichia coli.
The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiota of travelers returning to the UK, highlighting the association with colonization by pathogenic E. coli. Key findings include the prevalence of genes conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others.
Genomic Characteristics of a Multidrug-Resistant ST648 Escherichia coli Isolate Co-Carrying bla(KPC-2) and bla(CTX-M-15) Genes Recovered from a Respiratory Infection in China.
The study identifies a multidrug-resistant ST648 Escherichia coli isolate carrying bla(KPC-2) and bla(CTX-M-15) genes, along with other resistance genes such as tet(B), mdf(A), mph(A), dfrA17, aadA5, and sul1.
Phylodynamics Uncovers the Transmission of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli between Canines and Humans in an Urban Environment.
The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-27, and mdf(A), in antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates from human and canine fecal samples in San Francisco. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the transmission of AMR between canines and humans.
Development of a portable on-site applicable metagenomic data generation workflow for enhanced pathogen and antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
The study characterizes several antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(W), tet(Q), mdf(A), erm(B), lsa(A), and aac(6')-Iaa, through the use of a spiked-in mock community and long-read sequencing.
OXA-48–Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 127, the Netherlands, 2015–2022
The study identifies a genetic cluster of OXA-48-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 127 in the Netherlands, highlighting the presence of the blaOXA-48 gene and the mdf(A) efflux pump contributing to carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance, respectively.
Resistome and virulome of high-risk pandemic clones of multidrug-resistant extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from tertiary healthcare settings in Uganda.
The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, and others, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and quinolones. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in gyrA and parC were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Comparative genomics analysis and characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains reveal virulence genes, resistance genes, prophages and plasmids.
Five resistance genes were identified in E. coli O157:H7 strains, including tet(B), sul2, aph(3"-Ib), aph(6)-Id, and mdf(A).
Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai, China.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables in Shanghai, China, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and fosfomycin.
Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) isolates displaying bacterial interference against multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. Coli.
The study identified the mdfA gene in all ABU isolates, which confers resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. E. coli S-07-4 was found to harbor multiple resistance genes, indicating potential multidrug resistance.
Genomic and resistome analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from retail markets in Yichun city, China.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from retail markets in Yichun city, China, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
Genomic insights into antimicrobial resistance and virulence of E. coli in central Ethiopia: a one health approach.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in E. coli isolates from central Ethiopia, including bla-ampH, bla-AmpC1, tet(A), mdf(A), aph(3")-Ib, sul2, and aph(6)-Id. Chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.
Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic tools powered by machine learning to identify antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from sepsis.
The study identified several known and novel antibiotic-resistant genes in E. coli isolates from sepsis patients using whole-genome sequencing and machine learning. Key findings include the presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, aac(6')-Ib, aadA, qnrS1, ermB, mexAB-OprM, acrAB-TolC, and oqxAB genes, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.
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