mef(A)
efflux pump
Overview
- Drug Classes
- erythromycin, azithromycin, macrolides, macrolide
- Organisms
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacteroides +4 more
- Alleles
- 3
- Papers
- 14
- Mutations
- 5
| Nucleotide Change | Protein Change | Type | Effect on Function | Resistance To | Year | Paper | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | G65D | - | - | azithromycin|clarithromycin | 2003 | Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates. PMID: 12604536 | Not Validated |
| - | K61Q | - | - | azithromycin|clarithromycin | 2003 | Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates. PMID: 12604536 | Not Validated |
| - | T64K | - | - | azithromycin|clarithromycin | 2003 | Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates. PMID: 12604536 | Not Validated |
| - | A69S | - | - | azithromycin|clarithromycin | 2003 | Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates. PMID: 12604536 | Not Validated |
| - | T82I | - | - | azithromycin|clarithromycin | 2003 | Effects of an Efflux Mechanism and Ribosomal Mutations on Macrolide Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Clinical Isolates. PMID: 12604536 | Not Validated |
| Allele | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mef | 3 | erythromycin, azithromycin +1 | Streptococcus pneumoniae +2 | Washington State|Alaska|Canada, Hong Kong, Europe | 2000, 2003, 2005 | Not Validated |
| Mef(A) | 8 | macrolides, azithromycin +1 | Streptococcus pneumoniae +3 | Italy, North America|Europe|Africa|Asia, Portugal | 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 | Not Validated |
| mefA | 3 | macrolides, erythromycin | Streptococcus pyogenes +2 | Europe|North America|Asia, Ontario, Canada|Finland|Houston, Texas | 2003, 2005, 2023 | Not Validated |
A novel multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 clone from Washington State identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and restriction fragment length patterns.
PMID 10747146 · 2000The study identifies a novel multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 clone carrying the mef gene, which confers resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- mef
- Encodes
- efflux pump
- Validation Method
- restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Characterization of a genetic element carrying the macrolide efflux gene mef(A) in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
PMID 10952626 · 2000The study characterizes the genetic element Tn1207.1 carrying the macrolide efflux gene mef(A) in Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrating its role in macrolide resistance through transformation and MIC testing.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- macrolide-efflux protein
- Validation Method
- transformation and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Detection Techniques
PMID 11585788 · 2023The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- mefA
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Emergence of group A streptococcus strains with different mechanisms of macrolide resistance.
PMID 11959545 · 2002Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR
Mechanism
efflux
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Antistreptococcal activity of telithromycin compared with seven other drugs in relation to macrolide resistance mechanisms in Russia.
PMID 12183254 · 2002Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR and sequencing
Mechanism
active efflux
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Bactericidal Effect and Pharmacodynamics of Cethromycin (ABT-773) in a Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia Model.
PMID 12234843 · 2002The study identified the presence of mef(A) and erm(B) genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B. Cethromycin demonstrated effective bactericidal activity against both macrolide-susceptible and -resistant isolates.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux pump
- Validation Method
- susceptibility testing
Mechanism
confers resistance to macrolides by active efflux
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
PMID 12821474 · 2003The study identified tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), and mef(E) as the primary genes responsible for tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
A newly discovered Bacteroides conjugative transposon, CTnGERM1, contains genes also found in gram-positive bacteria.
PMID 12902247 · 2003The study identifies CTnGERM1, a conjugative transposon containing the erythromycin resistance gene ermG and the macrolide efflux gene mefA, which were found to confer resistance in Bacteroides and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- mefA
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux protein
- Validation Method
- cloning and transformation experiments
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Clinical and molecular epidemiology of erythromycin-resistant beta-hemolytic lancefield group G streptococci causing bacteremia.
PMID 14605159 · 2003The study identifies ermTR, ermB, and mef genes as mediators of erythromycin resistance in beta-hemolytic group G streptococci, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of resistance.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- mef
- Encodes
- efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR and DNA sequencing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Characterization and prevalence of MefA, MefE, and the associated msr(D) gene in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates.
PMID 15297499 · 2004The study characterizes the MefA, MefE, and msr(D) genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates, demonstrating that these genes confer resistance to macrolides and ketolides. The msr(D) gene was shown to function independently as an efflux pump.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- efflux pump
- Validation Method
- transformation into a susceptible strain and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
The mef(A) Gene Predominates among Seven Macrolide Resistance Genes Identified in Gram-Negative Strains Representing 13 Genera, Isolated from Healthy Portuguese Children.
PMID 15328110 · 2004The study identified seven macrolide resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria from healthy Portuguese children, with mef(A) being the most predominant. The genes included mef(A), erm(B), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), and mph(D).
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- efflux protein
- Validation Method
- transconjugation and MIC testing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
The genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, a highly invasive and resistant zoonotic pathogen.
PMID 15781495 · 2005The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on plasmids pSC138 and pSCV50 in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis SC-B67, including blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, tetRA, strA, aadA2, sulI, sulII, catI, cmlA, aph, sat, mef, mer, ebr, qac, and blaTEM-67. Additionally, mutations in the chromosomal genes gyrA and parC, along with the inactivation of acrR, contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- mef
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux pump
- Validation Method
- plasmid analysis
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Genetic diversity among type emm28 group A Streptococcus strains causing invasive infections and pharyngitis.
PMID 16081955 · 2005The study identified the presence of macrolide resistance genes mefA, ermB, and ermTR in less than 2% of the emm28 group A Streptococcus strains analyzed.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- mefA
- Encodes
- macrolide efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR detection of gene presence
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
Molecular characterization of pneumococci with efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance and identification of a novel mef gene subclass, mef(I).
PMID 16304164 · 2005The study identified a novel mef gene subclass, mef(I), in pneumococci with efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance. It also characterized the presence of tet(M) and tet(O) genes contributing to tetracycline resistance in certain isolates.
Gene Information
- Gene Name
- mef(A)
- Allele
- Mef(A)
- Encodes
- efflux pump
- Validation Method
- PCR-RFLP analysis and sequencing
Confers Resistance To
Organisms Tested In
Isolation Details
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