Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

merR

mercury resistance regulatory protein

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to merR

Browse AMR rules for merR

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: resistance to mercury
Validation Method: sequence analysis and homology to known mercury resistance genes
Drug Classes: Ciprofloxacin
Organisms: Shewanella putrefaciens, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Aeromonas spp., Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, Escherichia coli FAM21845, Enterobacter hormaechei, Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica, Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Australia, China, Danakil Depression, Afar Region, Ethiopia, Egypt, Europe|Switzerland|Canada +6 more
Alleles: 2
Papers: 12
Databases: Reslit

Allele Variants2

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
merR	Reslit	11	-	Shewanella putrefaciens +10	South Africa\|Philippines\|India\|United Kingdom, Nigeria\|Portugal, Japan\|Thailand\|Canada\|France\|Spain\|South Korea\|United Kingdom\|Croatia\|Vietnam\|global, China, Europe\|Switzerland\|Canada, Australia, Poland, Danakil Depression, Afar Region, Ethiopia, Egypt, United States, Finland	2002, 2008, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2023, 2024, 2025	AY090559

Papers12

1

R391: a conjugative integrating mosaic comprised of phage, plasmid, and transposon elements.

PMID 12193633 · 2002

R391 is a conjugative integrating mosaic element that carries antibiotic and mercury resistance traits. It includes a kanamycin resistance gene (aph) and a mercury resistance operon (merT, merP, merC, merA).

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance regulatory protein
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Shewanella putrefaciens
Geographic Location: South Africa|Philippines|India|United Kingdom
Validation Method: sequence analysis and homology to known mercury resistance genes
Sequence Accession: AY090559

2

A novel transposon, Tn6009, composed of a Tn916 element linked with a Staphylococcus aureus mer operon.

PMID 18583328 · 2008

The study identifies a novel transposon, Tn6009, which contains the tet(M) gene linked to the Staphylococcus aureus mer operon, conferring resistance to tetracycline and mercury.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: regulatory protein
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Staphylococcus aureus
• Enterococcus faecalis
Geographic Location: Nigeria|Portugal
Validation Method: sequencing and conjugation experiments
Sequence Accession: EU239355|EU399632

3

Insight into the mobilome of Aeromonas strains.

PMID 26074893 · 2015

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Aeromonas spp.
Geographic Location: Japan|Thailand|Canada|France|Spain|South Korea|United Kingdom|Croatia|Vietnam|global
Validation Method: plasmid characterization

4

Variations in SXT elements in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in China.

PMID 26956038 · 2016

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes within SXT elements in epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains in China, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: resistance to mercury
Organisms Tested In: • Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor
Geographic Location: China
Validation Method: experimental validation in this study
Sequence Accession: KT151654|KT151655|KT151656|KT151657|KT151658|KT151659|KT151660|KT151661|KT151662|KT151663|KT151664

5

Biofilm Formation Potential of Heat-Resistant Escherichia coli Dairy Isolates and the Complete Genome of Multidrug-Resistant, Heat-Resistant Strain FAM21845.

PMID 28550056 · 2017

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant, heat-resistant E. coli strain FAM21845, including beta-lactamase blaTEM-1, aminoglycoside resistance genes strA, strB, aadA1, aph(3')-Ic, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, trimethoprim resistance gene dfrA1, tetracycline resistance gene tet(B), disinfectant resistance gene qacEΔ1, and biofilm-related genes mrkABCDF. Additionally, the strain carried genes for resistance to arsenic, silver, and copper.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance operon
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli FAM21845
Geographic Location: Europe|Switzerland|Canada
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and functional analysis
Sequence Accession: CP017220|CP017221|CP017222|CP017223|CP017224|CP017225

6

Colonization of a hand washing sink in a veterinary hospital by an Enterobacter hormaechei strain carrying multiple resistances to high importance antimicrobials.

PMID 33087168 · 2020

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in an Enterobacter hormaechei strain isolated from a veterinary hospital sink, including blaSHV-12, qnrB2, and mcr-9.1, which confer resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones, and colistin, respectively.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Enterobacter hormaechei
Geographic Location: Australia
Validation Method: plasmid sequencing and annotation
Sequence Accession: CP040117|CP040118|CP05031|CP050312|CP050506|CP050507

7

Isolation and characterization of multidrug resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens.

PMID 37612766 · 2023

The study identified 25 different antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens, including tetB, blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, floR, sul2, sul3, dfrK, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3)-la, aph(3)-lb, aph(6)-ld, sat2, dfrA14, dfrA32, merC, merP, merR, merT, qacL, and cmlA1.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance protein
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica
Geographic Location: Poland
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Sequence Accession: SRX19225671|SRX19225672|SRX19225673|SRX19225674|SRX19225675|SRX19225676|SRX19225677|SRX19225678|SRX19225679|SRX19225680|SRX19225681|SRX19225682|SRX19225683|SRX19225684|SRX19225685|SRX19225686|SRX19225687|SRX19225688|SRX19225689|SRX19225690|SRX19225691|SRX19225692|SRX19225693|SRX19225694|SRX19225695|SRX19225696|SRX19225697|SRX19225698|SRX19225699|SRX19225700|SRX19225701|SRX19225702|SRX19225703|SRX19225704|SRX19225705|SRX19225706|SRX19225707|SRX19225708|SRX19225709|SRX19225710

8

Shotgun Metagenomics-Guided Prediction Reveals the Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance of Microbes in Poly-Extreme Environments in the Danakil Depression, Afar Region.

PMID 38136731 · 2023

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in the metagenomes of Lake Afdera and the Assale salt plain in the Danakil Depression. Key ARGs included beta-lactamases (ACC-1, OXA-58, OXA-363, OXA-212, NDM-17, OXA-134, ACT-29, LRA-19), efflux pumps (emrB, abeM, abeS, mgrA, adeJ, MexC, adeL, adeH), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet39, tetX, tetK), and others. MRGs included copper resistance genes (copC, copD), cadmium resistance gene (cadD), mercury resistance gene (merA), chromate resistance genes (chrB, chrA), nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance genes (nccA, nccB), cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance gene (czcD), arsenic resistance gene (arsO), lead resistance gene (pbrA), and mercury resistance genes (merB, merR, MIR).

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34
Geographic Location: Danakil Depression, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Validation Method: metagenomic analysis

9

Genomic profiling of pan-drug resistant proteus mirabilis Isolates reveals antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene landscape.

PMID 39223360 · 2024

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pan-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others. These genes were found on the chromosome and contributed to the isolates' resistance to various antibiotic classes.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance transcriptional regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: Metal
Organisms Tested In: • Proteus mirabilis
Geographic Location: Egypt
Validation Method: genomic profiling
Sequence Accession: SAMN42841177|SAMN42841178

10

Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Uropathogenic E. coli: Virulence Factors, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Mobile Genetic Elements.

PMID 39338985 · 2024

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in uropathogenic E. coli isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and marR were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations in PmrB, CyaA, GlpT, PtsI, and UhpT were linked to fosfomycin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercuric ion sensor
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: regulation of mercury resistance genes
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: United States
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJNA669151

11

Wastewater based genomic surveillance key to population level monitoring of AmpC/ESBL producing Escherichia coli.

PMID 40033002 · 2025

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli from wastewater samples in Finland, highlighting the prevalence of blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, and other resistance determinants.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: merR
Encodes: mercury resistance regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Finland
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: PRJEB78480

12

Environmental resistome-guided development of resistance-tolerant antibiotics.

PMID 40388614 · 2025

The study identifies eight distinct resistance gene classes from the environmental resistome of albicidin, including AraC family proteins, HlyD family transporters, RecA recombinases, hydrolases, a MerR family protein, a pentapeptide repeat protein, a glutathione S-transferase-like protein, and a monooxygenase. These genes confer varying levels of resistance to albicidin through mechanisms such as efflux, degradation, sequestration, and modification.

Gene Information

Gene Name: merR
Allele: MerR
Encodes: transcriptional regulator
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ciprofloxacin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Validation Method: selection on albicidin and MIC testing