Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

mmr

efflux pump

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to mmr

Browse AMR rules for mmr

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Validation Method: drug susceptibility assays and fluorometric detection of ethidium bromide efflux
Drug Classes: Ethidium bromide, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides LbE16
Geographic Location: Italy|Spain
Alleles: 2
Papers: 4
Databases: Reslit

Allele Variants2

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
mmr	Reslit	3	Ethidium bromide, Erythromycin	Mycobacterium tuberculosis +1	Italy\|Spain	2012, 2013, 2016	LAYN00000000\|LAYU00000000\|LAYV00000000\|KT692962	-
Mmr

Papers4

1

Role of the Mmr efflux pump in drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 23165464 · 2013

The Mmr efflux pump in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found to contribute to resistance against ethidium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium, safranin O, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. However, it did not significantly affect isoniazid resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mmr
Allele: mmr
Encodes: efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ethidium bromide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: drug susceptibility assays and fluorometric detection of ethidium bromide efflux

2

The role of transport mechanisms in mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance and tolerance.

PMID 24281307 · 2012

The paper discusses the role of transport mechanisms, particularly efflux pumps, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance and tolerance, highlighting the importance of efflux pump activity in reducing drug susceptibility.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mmr
Allele: mmr
Encodes: SMR transporter
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Erythromycin
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: characterized as antibiotic transporter

3

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Dairy Leuconostoc, Analysis of the Genetic Basis of Atypical Resistances and Transfer of Genes In Vitro and in a Food Matrix.

PMID 26726815 · 2016

The study identified several AMR genes in Leuconostoc strains, including erm(B) for erythromycin resistance, tet(S) for tetracycline resistance, and others like aadE, aphA-3, sat4, and vat(E) for aminoglycoside and virginiamycin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mmr
Allele: mmr
Encodes: methylenomycin A resistance methyltransferase
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides LbE16
Geographic Location: Italy|Spain
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Sequence Accession: LAYN00000000|LAYU00000000|LAYV00000000|KT692962

4

The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic.

PMID 36620240 · 2022

The paper discusses the resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin, focusing on mutations in target enzymes like gyrA and parC, plasmid-mediated resistance genes such as qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, and qepA, and efflux pumps contributing to resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mmr
Allele: Mmr
Encodes: efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ciprofloxacin
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: mutational analysis and overexpression studies