The study characterizes the mph(A) gene, which encodes macrolide 2′-phosphotransferase I, responsible for inactivating erythromycin in Escherichia coli. It also identifies the regulatory gene mphR(A) that controls the inducible expression of mph(A).

The study characterized various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant hospital isolates using the Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant Microarray (ARDM). Key findings include the detection of beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M, bla OXA), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, aph3'/str(A), aph6/str(B), aac(3)-III, aac(6')-Ib), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(39)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA10, dfrA14, dfrA17), quaternary amine resistance gene (qacEΔ1), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cat4), and glycopeptide resistance genes (vanB, vanB2).

The study identifies Shigella isolates with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin, primarily due to the presence of mphA and ermB macrolide resistance genes.

The study identifies the mph(A) gene encoding a macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase and the cat gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The study identifies the mph(A) gene as responsible for reduced azithromycin susceptibility in Shigella spp. isolates from Montreal, Canada, during 2012-2013.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the NDM-1-encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, including eight beta-lactamase genes and various other resistance determinants, highlighting the complexity of its resistance profile.

The paper discusses multidrug efflux pumps from various bacterial food pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study reports the identification of blaNDM-5 along with multiple other antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate, highlighting the complex resistance profile of the strain.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes on the IncF plasmid pEC958 from E. coli ST131, including blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, catB4, mph(A), dfrA17, aadA5, sulI, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study describes an outbreak of colistin-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 in the Netherlands, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-12, and various other AMR genes.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in ETEC isolates from Peruvian children, including bla TEM-like for ampicillin resistance, sul2 for sulfamethoxazole resistance, tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, and mph(A) for azithromycin resistance.

The study shows that multi-drug resistance plasmids pAQU1 and IncFIB can persist in bacterial populations under very low selective pressure, including in non-culturable states. The plasmids retain their resistance genes, such as tet(M), tet(B), floR, mph(A)-like, mef(A)-like, and sul2, which confer resistance to tetracycline, florfenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The study presents SSTAR, a software tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes from whole-genome sequencing data. It detects known AR genes and potential new variants, including truncated forms. The tool was applied to analyze resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 and Escherichia coli ST44, revealing various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and porin mutations contributing to resistance.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study presents a real-time analysis framework for MinION sequencing data, demonstrating the ability to identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes within a few hours of sequencing. Key resistance genes identified include blaSHV, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXA, aac3, aac6, blaCMY, blaCFE, blaLAT, blaBIL, QnrB, aadA, oqxA, tetA, oqxB, rmtC, sul1, sul3, fosA, blaNDM, oqxA, blaSHV, oqxB, aadB, sul1, sul3, blaOXA, blaOKP, fosA, blaSHV, blaOKP, blaLEN, oqxA, and oqxB.

The study found that Shigella isolates from clusters associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) showed significantly higher rates of resistance to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone compared to other clusters. Azithromycin resistance was primarily due to the presence of macrolide resistance genes mphA and ermB.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The study reports the first fully sequenced resistance plasmid from Shigella boydii, p2246-CTXM, which carries bla CTX-M-14, erm(B), and mph(A) genes, conferring resistance to ceftriaxone, erythromycin, and azithromycin.

The study identifies the blaIMP-4 gene in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats, which confers resistance to carbapenems. The gene is part of a multidrug-resistant IncHI2 plasmid carrying various resistance genes.

The study reports the presence of the mph(A) gene in a multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri isolate from Canada, which is associated with reduced azithromycin susceptibility.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies multiple carbapenemase genes (bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla KPC-4, and bla NDM-1) and other resistance genes (such as qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrS1, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-9, bla SHV-12, aadA2, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ic, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA18, mph(A), catB3, arr-3, and tet(D)) in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp. These genes are primarily located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, dfrA, mphA, sul1, and tetA, in E. coli isolates, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of ST131 and the presence of distinct plasmid profiles contributing to resistance.

The study characterizes two novel IncFII-type multidrug-resistant plasmids, p0716-KPC and p12181-KPC, from Klebsiella pneumoniae. These plasmids carry multiple resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, mph(A), strAB, aacC2, qacEΔ1, sul1, sul2, dfrA25, aphA1a, and blaTEM-1, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes in an extensively drug-resistant E. coli ST1642 isolate, including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1, aadA5, strA, strB, aac(3)-IId, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(B), dfrA17, and qnrS1, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies a VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolate from retail seafood in Germany, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaVIM-1, aacA4, aadA1, aph(3')-XV, catB2, qnrS1, blaSHV-12, blaACC-1, strA-like, strB-like, dfrA14-like, mph(A), sul1, and sul2.

The study identified plasmid-mediated resistance genes aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and mph(A) in Escherichia coli isolates causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in Switzerland.

The study reports the complete genome sequence of an Escherichia coli isolate carrying the bla(CTX-M-1) gene, along with other resistance genes including mph(A), sul2, dfrA5, strA, and strB, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified mphA and ermB as the primary genes responsible for azithromycin resistance in Shigella spp. in Southeast Asia.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

The study reports a pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate with resistance to all 26 antibiotics tested, including multiple beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance, and colistin resistance due to mgrB inactivation.

The study identifies the azithromycin resistance plasmid pKSR100 and its associated genes mphA and ermB as critical drivers of epidemics among multiple Shigella species, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in STEC O117:H7 isolates, including the azithromycin resistance gene mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA, dfrA5, ermB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), qnrs1, and a mutation in gyrA (S83L) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterizes a novel multidrug resistance plasmid pSGB23 isolated from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Saintpaul, carrying 11 antibiotic resistance genes responsible for resistance to 9 classes of antibiotics and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterized NDM-encoding plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Czech hospitals, identifying blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, and blaNDM-5 genes as the primary resistance determinants.

The study identifies five resistance plasmids in a clinical Citrobacter freundii isolate, each carrying multiple AMR genes, including bla NDM-1, bla IMP-4, qnrS1, bla KPC-2, catB3, and mph (A), contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study characterized the resistomes of six carbapenem-resistant pathogens, identifying various carbapenemase genes such as bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-72, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-7, and bla VIM-1, along with other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), erm(B), mph(A), sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-6, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-200, bla OXA-10, and bla NDM-7.

The study identified an IncN-type plasmid, pC5, carrying the bla CTX-M-1 and mph (A) genes, which confer resistance to ceftiofur and macrolides, respectively, in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from dairy cows and humans.

The study identifies a novel composite IS26 transposon, Tn6242, in multidrug-resistant E. coli ST405, carrying resistance genes including dfrA17, aadA5, sul1, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM-1b, and sul2.

The study reports the first clinical case of a KPC-3-producing Klebsiella michiganensis isolate in Europe, highlighting the emergence of this multidrug-resistant pathogen and the significance of molecular diagnostics in identifying novel resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies the mphA gene as associated with high azithromycin MICs in nontyphoidal Salmonella spp., highlighting its role in azithromycin resistance.

The study identifies the mph(A) gene as the most prevalent macrolide resistance gene in E. coli isolates, contributing significantly to azithromycin resistance. The presence of mph(A) was strongly correlated with elevated MIC levels, with 93% of isolates carrying this gene exhibiting MICs ≥ 32 mg/L.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study developed and validated 85 PCR assays to detect 79 AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance across 10 antimicrobial classes, focusing on E. coli. The assays showed high concordance with sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing, demonstrating their potential for AMR surveillance in E. coli isolates and direct stool specimens.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198, including genes such as blaTEM-1, aacA4, aadA1, sul1, tetA, catA1, mph(A), blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, blaCMY-2, and dfrA12, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study shows that the growth medium affects macrolide MICs but not resistance interpretation for foodborne pathogens. It highlights the role of mphA and ermB genes in macrolide resistance.

The study evaluated the synergy of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) in combination with other antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several AMR genes, including blaKPC-2, blaKPC-3, blaCTX-M-15, and others, were identified as conferring resistance to CZA and other antibiotics.

The study reports the emergence of azithromycin resistance in Vibrio fluvialis isolates due to the presence of the mph(A) gene, which encodes a phosphotransferase that inactivates azithromycin.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli ST131 isolates from a patient with recurrent UTIs, including plasmid-borne resistance genes and chromosomal mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp) strains carrying various resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance. Plasmid analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes on different plasmids, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) sublineage II.1 of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, carrying resistance genes such as catA, blaTEM1, dfrA, blaSHV-2A, mphA, qnrS, and gyrA mutations, along with an IncHI2 plasmid pSTm-ST313-II.1.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in antibiotic-producing bacteria and pathogens, focusing on genes and mutations that confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and others.

The study reports the identification of a multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strain R17 carrying 13 antibiotic-resistance genes, including blaCMY-85, aadA2, aac(3)-lld, blaDHA-1, blaTEM-1B, qnrB4, mph(A), catA2, sul1, sul2, tet(D), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study identified the presence of macrolide resistance genes mph(A) and erm(B) in azithromycin non-susceptible Shigella strains in Israel, highlighting the need for establishing clinical breakpoints for azithromycin susceptibility testing.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study identifies the chromosomally-encoded mcr-1 gene in a colistin-resistant E. coli ST695 strain, along with various other resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, rmtB, cmlA1, floR, tet(A), tet(M), dfrA12, oqxA, oqxB, qnrS1, mph(A), bla TEM-105, and bla TEM-1B, contributing to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study reports the first identification of three different multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids in a single clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata, including the blaIMP-8 gene encoded on an IMP-encoding plasmid. These plasmids harbor various AMR genes such as blaIMP-8, aacC2, aadA2, mph(A), sul1, qacED1, mer, chrA, dfrA12, tmrB, catA1, catB8, tet(C), blaCTX-M-9, and blaTEM-1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes within the ICE Mh1 PM22, including aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in livestock pathogens.

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study identified Shigella isolates with decreased susceptibility to azithromycin, primarily due to the presence of mphA and ermB genes on plasmids, and also noted mutations in rrlH, rplD, and rplV genes in one isolate.

The study identified the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes such as mph(A) and ermB in E. coli isolates from soils and feces in rural Bangladesh, contributing to azithromycin resistance.

The study identifies a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolate producing New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-5 (blaNDM-5) in companion animals in the United States, along with several other resistance genes including tet(A), aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA5, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, catB3, dfrA17, dfrA12, sul1, and mph(A).

The study identified colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying the mcr-1 gene in various environmental and human samples in Bangladesh, highlighting the spread of colistin resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study characterizes two carbapenemase-producing E. coli strains carrying blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181, along with various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-lb-cr, catB3, sul1, dfrA17, qacEΔ1, aadA5, rmtB, ermB, mphA, tetB, catA1, dfrA14, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, and blaCMY-42.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei strain L51 carrying the bla IMP-26 carbapenemase gene and bla SHV-178 ESBL gene, along with other resistance genes on a conjugative IncHI2/2A plasmid.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the prevalence of various antimicrobial resistance genes such as TEM-220, NDM-11, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and others, indicating a significant threat to immunocompromised patients.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from Nile perch and water samples in Lake Victoria, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA2, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, qepA4, tetB, tetD, mphA, mdfA, catA1, strA, strB, nfaE, iss, vat, and lpfA.

The study identified 22 AMR genes in 10 ocular E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, dfrA17, aadA2, aadA5, bla OXA-1, bla NDM-5, dfrA12, bla TEM-1 B, mdfA, emrB, mphA, sul1, sul2, and aac(6')-1b-cr. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in parE, gyrA, and parC were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies the NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 167 clone, highlighting its resistance mechanisms and the presence of various resistance genes such as blaNDM-5, aadA2, dfrA12, sul1, tet(A), mphA, rmtB, and aac(3)-IIa.

The study identified CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from blue mussels in Norway, highlighting the potential for mobility of these resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in the Basque Country, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing strains.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes such as blaNDM-1, blaNDM-7, blaCTX-M-15, and blaOXA-181, along with other AMR genes like rmtC, sul1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A), qnrB1, and others, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study characterizes multidrug-resistant plasmids pA1705-qnrS, p911021-tetA, and p1642-tetA from Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying several AMR genes including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-65), quinolone resistance gene qnrS1, tetracycline resistance genes tetA (A) and tetA (D), aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA4cr and aacC2, streptomycin resistance genes strA and strB, dihydrofolate reductase genes dfrA1 and dfrA14, sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, macrolide resistance gene mph (A), efflux pump gene oqxAB, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene catB3, and tunicamycin resistance gene tmrB.

The study characterizes multidrug-resistant plasmids pA1705-qnrS, p911021-tetA, and p1642-tetA from Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying several AMR genes including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-65), quinolone resistance gene qnrS1, tetracycline resistance genes tetA (A) and tetA (D), aminoglycoside resistance genes aacA4cr and aacC2, streptomycin resistance genes strA and strB, dihydrofolate reductase genes dfrA1 and dfrA14, sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, macrolide resistance gene mph (A), efflux pump gene oqxAB, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene catB3, and tunicamycin resistance gene tmrB.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study characterizes the recombination events in the conjugative virulence plasmid p15WZ-82_Vir during transmission, identifying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and their roles in the formation of mosaic plasmids that carry both virulence and resistance traits.

The study identifies the plasmid-mediated mphA gene as the most common macrolide resistance gene in Shigella isolates in Anhui, China, contributing to decreased susceptibility to azithromycin.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study identifies the mphA gene on a 103 kb plasmid as the primary cause of azithromycin resistance in ETEC serogroup O6 strains in Shanghai, China.

The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.

The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.

The report highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, focusing on Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. It notes high resistance levels to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in Salmonella and E. coli isolates, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones in certain serovars. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli and Salmonella were rarely detected.

The study identifies ermF, intI1, and mphA as genes that show positive selection under specific antibiotic concentrations, highlighting their role in antibiotic resistance development at low concentrations.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multi-drug-resistant Shigella flexneri strain, including bla DHA, bla OXA-1, tet(B), catA1, dfrA1, mph(A), ermB, qnrB, aadA, and qacEΔ1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study demonstrates that outer membrane (OM) disruption can overcome intrinsic, acquired, and spontaneous antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, OM disruption by SPR741 effectively counteracts resistance mediated by macrolide resistance elements (mphA, ermC, mphB, ereA), rifampicin resistance elements (arr, rph-Lm, rpoB), and other resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in a KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae isolate, including blaKPC-3, aac(3)-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-214, mphA, qacH, catB3, arr-3, sul1, and dfrA14, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Shigella spp. and EIEC isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1b, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32, blaCTX-M-55, blaDHA-1), dihydrofolate reductase variants (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA7, dfrA8), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), macrolide resistance genes (erm(B), mphA), and chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669 were found to be resistant to several antibiotics including gentamicin, tetracycline, doxycycline, kanamycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, novobiocin, and erythromycin, but susceptible to neomycin and cotrimoxazole. They exhibited multidrug resistance in the planktonic phase and weak biofilm eradication even with neomycin and cotrimoxazole.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a silver gull, including bla CTX-M-55, dfrA14, sul3, qnrS1, tet(A), bla TEM-1, and others, indicating the acquisition of multidrug resistance plasmids.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identified several extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-55, along with mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1 for colistin resistance. Additionally, various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, mdf(A), mph(A), and others were found in the isolates, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a hospital in Vietnam. Key AMR genes include blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, and mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance. Colistin resistance was due to disruption of the mgrB gene by an IS L3-like element.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes ampC, aadB, and mphA in E. coli isolates from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate carrying the plasmid-mediated AmpC gene blaDHA-1, along with other resistance genes such as blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, sul1, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB4, arr-3, tet(A), catB3, mph(A), fosA, IncFIB(K), and IncR.

The study identifies epidemic HI2 plasmids harboring the carbapenemase gene bla(IMP-4) in multiple sublineages of Escherichia coli ST216 isolated from Australian silver gulls, highlighting the role of these plasmids in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study reports the emergence of a high-level carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli strain N7 producing NDM-5, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from animals in Greece, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla TEM, aadA1, aadA2, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, dfrA19, mph, mrx, intI1, tnpISE cp1, qnrS, and qnrB.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in APEC isolates from chickens and ducks in South Korea, including mcr-1, blaTEM, blaCTX-M group I, blaCTX-M group IV, mphA, cat, floR, cmlA, strA-B, aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, and tetB. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as colistin, ampicillin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. The study also highlighted the zoonotic potential of certain APEC isolates, particularly those belonging to phylogenetic group B2.

The study identified several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1, mcr1.1, gyrA-S83L, and mph(A), which confer resistance to various antibiotics in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from infants and mothers in southern Sri Lanka.

The study identified macrolide resistance genes mph(A) and erm(B) in multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei isolates, which conferred resistance to azithromycin. Additionally, a gyrA S83L mutation was found, contributing to decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin despite being classified as susceptible by CLSI criteria.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli strains from wildlife, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, tet(A), tet(B), and several resistance gene cassettes in integrons. These genes were found to confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the presence of AMR in wildlife E. coli populations.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from different animal sources, highlighting the presence of ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, and bla CMY-28, as well as mutations in parC and gyrA that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies a conjugative plasmid p17ZR-91-Vir-KPC that encodes both carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae, providing insight into the evolution of ST11 carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent strains.

The study identified the mphA gene in a Shigella sonnei isolate with an azithromycin MIC of 16 mg/l, and found that an IncFII plasmid carrying mphA was integrated into the chromosome of S. sonnei.

The paper discusses the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species, including strB, sul2, tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, ermB, floR, aac(3)-IIa, blaNDM-1, blaCMY, blaP1, catB3, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-65 gene in four multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from retail meat in Portugal, highlighting its chromosomal location and association with various resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies the presence of bla CTX-M-27, erm(B), mph(A), aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and tet(A) in Shigella isolates associated with MSM transmission in the UK, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study analyzed 70,301 E. coli genomes and identified 1,027,651 antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). It found that certain ARGs were distributed according to the phylogenetic background of the strains, showing phenotypic adaptive convergence. The study also identified four instances of potential horizontal gene transfer of ARGs from non-Proteobacteria to E. coli.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene and various other resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from animal organs with lesions, highlighting their multidrug resistance profiles and the genetic features of plasmids carrying these genes.

Solar photo-Fenton treatment effectively removed a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including those conferring resistance to sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams. The study identified several ARGs such as sul1, sul2, tet(X), erm(F), mph(A), mph(E), msr(E), aadA, aph(3"), aph(6), strA, and blaBKC.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant E. coli ST182 isolates from airline waste carrying genes such as blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, aadA5, mphA, sul1, and dfrA17, along with the S83L mutation in gyrA, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCMY-2, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-52, blaCTX-M-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IV, aadA, strA, strB, aph(3')-Ib), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19), macrolide resistance genes (mph(A), mph(B)), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1).

The study identified 17 AMR genes in Aeromonas veronii isolates from tilapia, highlighting extensive antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes including ermB, mphA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1, blaDHA, blaOXA-1, dfrA, and sul in Shigella isolates. Mutations in gyrA (83L) and parC (80I) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies three novel variants of PmGRI1 and a hybrid structure combining Tn7-like transposon and PmGRI1 in Proteus mirabilis, highlighting their role in carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes, including bla CMY-2, floR, sul2, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as cephalosporins, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified several AMR genes, including bla CMY-2, floR, sul2, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as cephalosporins, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1A, bla LEN17, aadA16, arr-3, qnrB4, oqxA/B, dfrA27, sul1, tetD, fosA, qacEΔ1, bla CTX-M-3, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-27, aac(6')-IIa, rmtB, aph(3')-Ia, aadA16, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB91, oqxA/B, mph(A), tet(A), fosA, dfrA27, and two copies of qacEΔ1-sul1.

The study identified multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria from cetaceans stranded in the Philippines, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as ermB, aadA, aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaOXA, qnrS1, tet(A), and mph(A).

The study characterizes a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that harbors a conjugative virulence plasmid and a bla KPC–2-bearing plasmid. The virulence plasmid contains multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC–2, qnrB4, bla DHA–1, sul1, msr(E), mph(E), bla TEM–1B, aac(3)-IId, bla SHV–12, mph(A), bla CTX–M–65, bla TEM–1B, fosA3, and rmtB. The study also shows that these plasmids can be transferred to other bacterial strains, contributing to the spread of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of resistance to macrolide antibiotics among Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on the roles of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes in mediating resistance through modifications of the ribosomal target site and efflux mechanisms.

The study identified various CTX-M-type beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, bla CTX-M-55, and bla CTX-M-65, as well as other beta-lactamase genes such as bla TEM-1, bla CARB-2, and bla CMY-2 in ESBL E. coli isolates from sheep and their abattoir environment. Additional AMR genes related to aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim were also detected.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes, including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla VIM-1, bla NDM-5, bla OXA-162, and bla KPC-3, in Citrobacter spp. isolates, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Australian E. coli ST131 isolates, including bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-27 for beta-lactam resistance, aadA5, strA, strB, mphA, dfrA17, sul1, qacEΔ1, and chrA for resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chromate. Fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and parC were also found.

The study reports the first bovine ST361 NDM-5 positive Escherichia coli in Greece, highlighting the importation of multidrug-resistant strains and the need for continued surveillance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in foodborne pathogens isolated from dairy cattle and poultry manure amended farms in Northeastern Ohio, including mphA, aadA, aphA1, tetA, aac(3)-IV, sulII, blaTEM, tetB, strA, aac(3)-Iva, ampC, lde, ermB, tet(O), aadB, penA, blaOXA-61, aadE, and aph-3-1.

The study identified various AMR genes in uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains from Uganda and Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the pandrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain DJ, including carbapenemases (bla NDM-5, bla OXA-181, bla CTX-M-15), aminoglycoside resistance genes (rmtB, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib, aadA2, strAB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA12), polymyxin resistance gene (mgrB), tetracycline resistance gene (ramR), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA2, catB), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA), and macrolide resistance genes (mphA, ermB). Mutations in gyrA, parC, ompK35, ompK36, and ramR contribute to resistance to fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics.

The study identified the carbapenemase gene blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-24, along with fosfomycin resistance gene fosA6, and various extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, and blaCTX-M-27 in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone, macrolide, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance were also characterized.

The study identified a variety of resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and others, highlighting the complex genetic diversity of these pathogens.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-3, bla SHV-12, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA1, and dfrA14 were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Finland.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-3, bla SHV-12, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA1, and dfrA14 were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Finland.

The study identified 88 acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 166 Morganella isolates, with a focus on tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and beta-lactam resistance genes. Key ARGs included blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, aacA4, aadA5, dfrA17, catB3, arr-3, blaOXA-1, aacA4cr, mph(A), rmtB, sul2, floR, qnrS1, tetA, and ermB.

The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-350, blaOXA-1, and blaCTX-M-15, as well as various aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from hospital and urban wastewater. Mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified the presence of mph(A) and qnrB resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy calves, highlighting their association with specific bla CTX-M groups and age-related prevalence.

The study identified the presence of mph(A) and qnrB resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy calves, highlighting their association with specific bla CTX-M groups and age-related prevalence.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Bacillus cereus group isolates, including beta-lactamase-encoding genes (bla1, blaZ, blaTEM), mph for erythromycin resistance, rph for rifampicin resistance, and fosB for fosfomycin resistance. These genes were detected using ABRIcate and MEGARes 2.0 database, and their association with resistance phenotypes was analyzed.

The study identifies bla NDM-5 producing Escherichia coli in Tanzania, highlighting the presence of carbapenem resistance and other resistance genes on various plasmids.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in highly drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from veal calves, including blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, mph(A), erm(B), aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1, aadA5, aadA1, aph(3')-Ic, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6')-Id, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (A56T) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from The Gambia, including aac(6')-Iaa_1, aph_3_Ib, aph_6_Id, dfrA14, dfrA7, dfrA8, blaTEM-1B, catA1_1, fosA7_1, mph_A, sul1, sul2, tet_A, and tet_B. These genes confer resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. The study also found that multidrug resistance (MDR) was primarily associated with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, especially in the eastern region.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in the Serratia marcescens complex, highlighting the presence of hospital-adapted lineages with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key AMR genes include blaCTX-M, blaNDM, blaOXA, qnrS1, tet(A), aac(6')-Ib, mph(A), erm(B), aadA, floR, sul1, and dfrA12, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, florfenicol, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies two conjugative plasmids and a non-transferable virulence plasmid that encode azithromycin resistance in Salmonella. The resistance is conferred by the erm(B) gene and the IS 26-mph(A)-mrx-mphR- IS 6100 genetic structure.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Kuwait, including beta-lactamases (blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaTEM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aadA5), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance genes (gyrA_D87N, qnrB1), and others. Colistin resistance was linked to the pmrB_R256G mutation.