The study identified seven macrolide resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria from healthy Portuguese children, with mef(A) being the most predominant. The genes included mef(A), erm(B), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), and mph(D).

Tylosin exposure did not significantly alter the fecal resistome of cattle, but geographical regions influenced resistome composition. Macrolide resistance genes mphB, mefA, and msrD were detected in fecal samples.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from a children's hospital in Mexico City, highlighting the presence of genes such as blaZ, mecA, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and rpoB contributing to resistance.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and zinc tolerance genes in commensal Escherichia coli from weaned pigs, highlighting the impact of high-dose zinc oxide diets on selecting for resistant strains.

The study identified various AMR genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in the Basque Country, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing strains.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study demonstrates that outer membrane (OM) disruption can overcome intrinsic, acquired, and spontaneous antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, OM disruption by SPR741 effectively counteracts resistance mediated by macrolide resistance elements (mphA, ermC, mphB, ereA), rifampicin resistance elements (arr, rph-Lm, rpoB), and other resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCMY-2, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-52, blaCTX-M-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IV, aadA, strA, strB, aph(3')-Ib), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19), macrolide resistance genes (mph(A), mph(B)), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1).

The paper discusses the mechanisms of resistance to macrolide antibiotics among Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on the roles of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes in mediating resistance through modifications of the ribosomal target site and efflux mechanisms.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-3, bla SHV-12, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA1, and dfrA14 were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Finland.

The study identified extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in coastal marine environments, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, and others.

The study identified several antibiotic and metal(loid) resistance genes in gut microbiota from chronic kidney disease (CKD) subjects, including genes encoding beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance proteins, macrolide phosphotransferases, and efflux pumps. Additionally, genes conferring resistance to arsenicals and heavy metals were detected.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics in wastewater environments, highlighting the role of these genes in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies erm(B), mph(A), mph(B), and mef(C) as acquired macrolide resistance genes in porcine clinical E. coli, demonstrating their association with increased macrolide MICs and the potential of peptidomimetics to potentiate macrolide activity.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the roles of various genes and mutations in conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, lipopeptides, fluoroquinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure samples from a swine finishing facility, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics. Key genes included tet(M), lnuA, erm(35), aadS, mphB, dfrG, vga-type ABC-F, lsa-type ABC-F, msr-type ABC-F, optrA, and others, primarily found in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. These genes were associated with resistance mechanisms such as target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps.

The study demonstrates that non-pathogenic E. coli can acquire an IncB/O-plasmid carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes through conjugation on poultry meat, even at low temperatures. This highlights the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance spread through food products.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from calves, including tetracycline resistance genes (Tet(A), Tet(B), Tet(C), Tet(M)), β-lactamases (TEM-1, TEM-35, OXA-1), florfenicol resistance gene FloR, and macrolide phosphotransferase Mph(B). Mutations in GyrA (D87N, D87Y, S83L) and ParC (S80I) were also associated with quinolone resistance.

The study identified several macrolide resistance genes, including mph(A), mph(B), mef(B), erm(B), mef(C)-mph(G), erm(C), erm(42), ere(A), and msr(E)-mph(E), associated with azithromycin resistance in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe. The study also highlighted the importance of the mph(A) operon structure and its regulatory region in determining azithromycin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Italian artisanal food products, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, trimethoprim resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, quinolone resistance proteins, sulfonamide resistance proteins, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes were primarily carried on plasmids and contributed to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild animals, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-55, bla EC-1982), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aadA2, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetA), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance genes (mphB, lnuF, ermC, mefC), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrB5, qnrS1, qnrS2), and others. Additionally, point mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies natural compounds that show high binding affinity against enzymes involved in macrolide resistance, including ErmAM, EreC, mphA, mphB, and the tripartite macrolide-specific efflux pump. These compounds demonstrate potential as inhibitors of macrolide resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from sternal bursitis in chickens, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1C, blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-10), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cmlA1, floR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aadA1, aadA2b, aadA5, aadA9, aadA13, sat2), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), and efflux pump genes (acrF, mdtM, ermE, qacE, qacL, terD, terW, terZ). Mutations in gyrA (p.S83L) and parC (p.E84G, p.S80I) were associated with quinolone resistance, and a mutation in glpT (E448K) was linked to fosfomycin resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Shigella species isolated from small ruminants and manure in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Chinese S. Montevideo isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM−1B, bla OXA−1, bla LAP−2, bla CTX−M−55, bla CTX−M−65, bla DHA−1), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS2, qnrS1, qnrA1, qnrB6, qnrB4, qepA1), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, mphE, msrE, mphB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA12, dfrA27, sul3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (floR, catA2, catB3).