Two cases of oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) were identified, highlighting the importance of genotypic testing for accurate detection of mecA-positive strains despite phenotypic susceptibility to oxacillin.

The study identified various MLS resistance genes, including erm(C), mph(C), erm(B), ere(A), vga(A), lnu(A), and msr(A)/msr(B), in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from bovine mastitis, highlighting a high prevalence of inducible MLS resistance.

The study presents a rapid LAMP-based method for detecting antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial isolates with minimal sample preparation, demonstrating successful detection of various resistance genes including aadD, bacA, ble, mepA, norA, qacA, and tetM.

The study characterizes the AMR genes and mutations in the USA300 CA-MRSA lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance determinants including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as specific mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified the prevalence of genes responsible for MLSB resistance in erythromycin-resistant S. epidermidis, highlighting the frequent occurrence of ermC, mphC, msrA, and linA/A'.

The study identified various AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Kuwait hospitals, including aphA3, aacA-aphD, ermA, ermC, mupA, tetK, tetM, fusC, far1, msrA, mphC, sat, qacA, qacC, merA, merB, dfrS1, aadD, fosB, cat, sdrM, icaA, icaC, and icaD, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates from healthy turkeys and broilers, including ermA, ermB, ermC, tetK, tetM, lnuA, mphC, vgaA, aadD, aphA3, blaZ, blaI, blaR, and mecA. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, lincomycin, macrolides, streptogramins, tobramycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis strain G6_2, including aac(6')-aph(2"), blaZ, mecA, fosB, mphC, msrA, tetK, and qacC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. Additionally, point mutations in ileS and fusA are associated with resistance to mupirocin and fusidic acid.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes including ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, vanA, vanB, tetA, and tetM in Enterococcus species isolated from ready-to-eat seafood, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identifies and characterizes MLS B resistance genes, including erm(A), erm(C), lnu(A), msr(A), msr(B), and mph(C), in various coagulase-negative staphylococci species, highlighting their distribution and association with resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant staphylococci from high-frequency touched surfaces in London, including blaZ, qacA/B, dfrC, norA, ant(4')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2")-Ia, fusB, msrA, ermC, mphC, tetK, mupA, cat, dfrG, lnuA, fusC, aph3-IIIa, sat4A, vgaA, and others. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with hospital adaptation and pathogenicity in Staphylococcus haemolyticus, highlighting the importance of mecA, aacA-aphD, blaZ, ermC, mphC, qacA, qacB, folP, folB, and sraP in clinical isolates.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Kenyan Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including mecA, ant(4')-lb, aph(3')-IIIa, ermA, sat-4, fusA, mphC, msrA, gyrA (S84L), parC (S80F), and rpoB mutations, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaZ, tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), and various erm genes, in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food products in Denmark. Additionally, the tst gene was detected in CC398 and CC45 isolates, indicating the presence of toxic shock syndrome toxin.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from bloodstream infections, including blaZ, ermA, ermC, msrA/B, mphC, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, and ant(4')-Ia, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA isolates from human, chicken, and environmental samples in Nigerian live bird markets, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential public health risks associated with their dissemination.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Nepalese primates, including erm(C), aacA-aphD, blaZ, msr(A), and mph(C). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, penicillin, and others.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in ST72 isolates, including blaZ, aadD, ermC, msr(A), mph(C), tetK, aac(6')-aph(2'), fusC, and dfrG, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. K07-204 showed resistance to methicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and tetracycline, while K07-561 exhibited resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Additionally, K07-204 was found to be highly resistant to lysostaphin.

The study identified antimicrobial resistance genes qacA, dfrG, and qacC in Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates, highlighting their role in resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, trimethoprim, and biocides respectively.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in S. aureus isolates from SSTIs in ambulatory patients in Portugal, including blaZ, mecA, erm(A), erm(C), msr(A), mph(C), aadD, aacA-aphD, aph(3')-IIIa, and fusC, along with mutations in grlA, gyrA, and fusA associated with fluoroquinolone and fusidic acid resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from South Africa and Nigeria, highlighting environmentally driven heterogeneity. Notably, the tetM gene was found in South African isolates but not in Nigerian ones, while cadmium resistance genes were present in Nigerian isolates. Other genes like blaZ, FosB, mecA, FusF, dfrG, ErmA, ErmB, Erm(43), and mphC were also characterized.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, including mecA, blaZ, tet(K), erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), dfrG, aac(6')-aph(2''), and cat(pC221), which confer resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from coastal beaches and rivers on the island of Hawai'i, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified mecC-positive MRSA strains ST425-t742 and ST130-t843 in surface waters, along with various AMR genes such as mecC, blaZ, ermT, msr(A/B), vgaA, tetL, mecA, mph(C), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, dfrA, fusB, and catpC221 in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus isolates from Novosibirsk, Russia, including mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermA, ermC, msrA, norA, dfrC, fosB, and mphC, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and Staphylococcus aureus, including lnuA, blaZ, ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, msrA, aadD, aac-aph, str, and norA. These genes conferred resistance to lincomycin, penicillin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) in poultry, carrying genes such as mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, str, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, cfr, dfrK, dfrD, and cat p194, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies the ST42 lineage of Staphylococcus haemolyticus as a multidrug-resistant and pathogenic clone with a high burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence determinants.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cattle, farm workers, and their environment, highlighting the potential for transmission between hosts and the need for monitoring AMR in One Health contexts.

The study identifies various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria causing neonatal sepsis, including mecA, tet(K), tet(M), tet(L), aadD, aph(3)-III, ermA, ermC, msrA, mphC, and IS256. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings.

The study identified several AMR genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates from goats and their farm environments in Saudi Arabia, including mecA, blaZ, norA, lmrS, mepA, mepR, arlR, arlS, tet(38), mecR1, dfrC, fusC, fosB, fexA, tetM, msrA, mphC, fusB, APH(3′)-IIIa, tetK, and dfrG. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, diaminopyrimidines, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, and fosfomycin.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcaceae isolates from camels and cattle in East Africa, including tet(K), blaZ, blaARL, mecA, mecA1, msrA, mphC, salA, dfrG, aacA-aphD, and str. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, gentamicin, and streptomycin.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the roles of various genes and mutations in conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, lipopeptides, fluoroquinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus isolates from birds, including mecA, blaZ, msrA/B, ermC, mphC, tetK, tetM, cfr, norA, aac(6')-aph(2"), sea, and tst. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified a cluster of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in a school in Eastern Switzerland, characterized by ST5 sequence type and efflux-mediated macrolide resistance. The outbreak was linked to a local school, and decolonization efforts successfully reduced the incidence of CA-MRSA cases.

The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients, including beta-lactamases, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes were found to be prevalent in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the context of the pandemic.

The study identifies the chromosomal integration of the vanA locus in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates, highlighting the role of plasmid pWC79 in multidrug resistance and the genetic mechanisms behind the emergence of VRSA.

The study identified various AMR genes associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins in Enterococci, including ermB, ermA, ermC, ereA, lnuA, mphC, mefA, and mefE. These genes were found to be highly prevalent and contribute to the resistance mechanisms observed in the isolates.

The study identified several AMR genes associated with erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, including ermC, ermA, ermB, msrA, msrB, lnuA, and mphC. These genes were detected through PCR and phenotypic analysis.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolate SauR3, including blaZ, mecA, norA, norC, sdrM, ermC, lmrS, msrA, mphC, aph(3′)-IIIa, aadE, aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia, fosB, and SAT-4, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus species in dromedary camels in Algeria, including the first detection of a SCCmec-mecC hybrid in Mammaliicoccus lentus. Key resistance genes identified include mecA, mecC, blaZ, aadD, dfrG, ermB, ermA, msrA, mphC, fosB, fusB, and tet(K).

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains isolated from dairy cattle milk in Northwest, China, including mphC, ermB, floR, aadD, sul1, and gyrA, which confer resistance to erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw shrimp in China, including mecA, mecR1, blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, aad(6), ANT(4')-Ib, tet(K), mph(C), lnu(A), ermB, ermC, dfrC, dfrG, fosB, SAT-4, rpoB, msr(A), mepA, mepR, norA, mgrA, tet(38), sav1866, arlR, and arlS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and others.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus equorum strains from cheese, including blaR1-blaZI, bla, mph(C), msr(A), norA, fosB/fosD, and cat, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified the presence of the tetracycline resistance gene tetK in Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates, which was associated with tetracycline resistance. The gene was found on small plasmids, suggesting a potential mechanism for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in MRSA isolates from Benin, including mecA, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, blaI, blaR1, blaZ, mecI, mecR1, fosB, erm(C), mph(C), msr(A), qacC, dfrG, and dfrS1, along with mutations in glpT, murA, gyrA, and parC associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies erm(C), erm(A), erm(T), msr(A), and mph(C) as key genes contributing to erythromycin resistance in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates in Spain, with a notable increase in erm(T) prevalence post-2013.

The study identifies two distinct biosynthetic gene clusters in Staphylococcus capitis BN2: one encoding the lantibiotic gallidermin and another encoding a novel non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster. These clusters contribute to the strain's ability to inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strains.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci and mammaliicocci from bulk tank milk, highlighting their role as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus species isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and healthy skin, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Staphylococcus saprophyticus, including mecA, blaZ, erm, erm(44)v, msr(A), and mph(C), which confer resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, and lincosamides. The presence of these genes is associated with varying levels of resistance, and some genes, like mecA, are useful markers for predicting resistance to specific antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from European hakes, including blaZ, mphC, msr(A/B), lnuA, vgaA, fusB, and dfrA, which confer resistance to penicillin, macrolides/lincosamides, fusidic acid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These CoNS isolates also carry virulence factors such as scn and hla.

The study identified several macrolide resistance genes, including erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), msr(A), and mph(C), in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. These genes were associated with resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from both patients and retail meat, including blaZ, fosB-Saur, tet38, mphC, msrA, sat4, mecA, aph(3')-IIIa, and fusC. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, macrolides, and fusidic acid.

The study characterizes the resistome of Gram-positive bacteria causing keratitis, identifying several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to antibiotics such as macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Key findings include the prevalence of ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, msrA, msrD, mecA, ant(9)-Ia, ant(4′)-Ib, aac(6′)-aph(2″), aph(3′)-III, fosB, tetK, tetM, dfrG, dfrC, and dfrE genes, along with mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes including blaZ, mecA, erm(A), erm(C), erm(T), mph(C), msr(A), vga(A), lsaB, ant4′, aac6′-aph2″, tet(K), tet(M), dfrA, dfrG, catPC221, and mupA in CoNS isolates from healthy dogs and dog-owners. Additionally, a linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolate was found to have multiple amino acid substitutions in 50S ribosomal proteins L3 and L4.

The study identifies prophage-encoded antibiotic resistance genes, including aadK in Paenibacillus polymyxa and mph(C) and msr(A) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, highlighting the role of bacteriophages in microbial adaptation to spaceflight.

The study identified two bacteriocin gene clusters, aureocin 4181 in MRSA 23ad and epidermicin NI01 in S. epidermidis 84ad, which are involved in the production of antimicrobial substances that inhibit the growth of other staphylococcal species.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with increased resistance to methicillin, macrolides, and other antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, and a livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) strain, carrying various resistance genes such as mecA, blaZ, erm(C), aac(6')-aph(2''), and others, highlighting the presence of AMR in public environments.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in odontogenic abscesses using NGS, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, penicillins, and others. Notably, Fusobacterium showed resistance to clindamycin.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus hominis, including erm(C), tetK, acc(6')-Ie aph(2''), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, msr(B), mph(C), lnu(A), and vga, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. The majority of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance.

The study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game, highlighting the prevalence of various AMR genes and mutations across different bacterial species.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from subclinical mastitis in Danish dairy cows, including blaZ for penicillin resistance, fosB for fosfomycin resistance, msr(A) and mph(C) for erythromycin resistance, and tet(K) for tetracycline resistance.

The study identified an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Northwestern Transylvania, Romania, between 2022 and 2023. Key AMR genes included bla OXA-50, sul1, ermB, mexA, mexB, bla VIM-1, aac(6′)-II, ant(4′)-Ia, aac(3)-I, aac(6′)-Im, aph(2″)-Ib, tetA, tetC, tetK, qnrB, ermC, mphC, fosA, nfsA, nfsB, ampC, and TEM-1.

The study identified antimicrobial resistance genes in Mammaliicoccus lentus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from bats, including mph(C), msr(A), dfrC, salB, tet(K), str, qacA, arsB, and cadD, highlighting their potential for horizontal gene transfer and environmental co-selection.

The study identified several AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from pets, dairies, and humans, including mecA, tet(M), tet(K), erm(C), erm(A), mph(C), msr(A), blaR1, blaZ, blaI_of_Z, blaPC1, vga(A), fosB-Saur, sat4, bleO, ant(9)-Ia, aph(2'')-Ih, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, macrolides, lincomycin, fosfomycin, streptothricin, bleomycin, spectinomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and others.

The study identifies ermB, ereA, msrA, mefA, and mefE as key genes associated with MLS resistance in Streptococci, highlighting the role of efflux mechanisms and ribosomal methylation in conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins.

The study identified novel Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) elements in four methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from healthy medical students. The isolates harbored various antimicrobial resistance genes, including mecA, blaZ, mphC, msrA, tetK, fusC, fusF, qacA, qacB, qacC, norA, copB, arsC, cadC, cadD, copZ, copA, copR, and czcD, which conferred resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, quaternary ammonium compounds, fluoroquinolones, and heavy metals.

Exclusive breastfeeding reduces antimicrobial resistance gene burden in infants by promoting Bifidobacterium, counteracting C-section and antibiotic effects, and supporting healthy gut microbiome development during early life.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus isolates from small- to medium-scale and large-scale dairy farms in Thailand, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between farm types.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from public gymnasium equipment, highlighting their potential to resist various antibiotics and posing a health risk in communal environments.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with mastitis, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, aphA3, aacA-aphD, aadD, ermA, msrA, mphC, lnuB, and vanA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from critically ill patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, including erm(C), msr(A), mph(C), smr, aph(3')-III3a, and various virulence genes such as sasG, ebpS, scn, egc_cluster, fnbpB, cna, and pvl.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in four multidrug-resistant Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates from farm ruminants in Peninsular Malaysia, including mecA, ermY, mphC, msrA, tetL, tetS, aadD, ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, fexA, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, icaR, sspA, ndk, and lgt. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.