The study developed a multiplex PCR assay to detect and differentiate macrolide resistance genes erm(42), msr(E), and mph(E) in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. These genes confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B through various mechanisms including methylation, efflux, and phosphorylation.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and resistance islands in three multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, highlighting the role of genomic plasticity in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and resistance islands in three multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, highlighting the role of genomic plasticity in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in a polluted lake in India, including sul2, qnrD, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ib, CMY2, qnrS, ant(3′)-Ia, dfrB1/dfrB5/dfrB6/dfrB8, GES, ere(A)/ere(C), qnrC, mph(E), dfrA1/dfrA15/dfrA25/dfrA30, erm(F), ant(2′)-Ia, cmlA, and tet(39). These genes conferred resistance to various classes of antibiotics, highlighting the significant presence of resistance mechanisms in the polluted environment.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Mannheimia haemolytica, particularly in genotype 2, subtype 2b isolates, which are associated with the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease and contain various combinations of resistance genes.

The study identifies the tet39 tetracycline resistance determinant and the msrE-mphE macrolide resistance genes in an Acinetobacter plasmid, pS30-1, which confers resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii DMS06669 strain, including eight novel genes not previously reported in A. baumannii. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and rifampicins.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in antibiotic manufacturing effluents and receiving sediments, highlighting the presence of both known and potentially novel resistance mechanisms. Key findings include the discovery of macrolide resistance genes such as hflx, msr(e), mph(e), mph(g), and mef(c), as well as sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, and beta-lactamase genes like bla ges-1, bla veb-9, and bla cm y-10. Additionally, trimethoprim resistance genes dfr14, dfra1, and dfr17 were identified.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a tigecycline-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST93 clinical isolate, TREC1, which harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines. The isolate is resistant to all antibiotics tested except colistin.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including aac(6')-Ib, blaOXA-30, catB3, arr-3, qacE, sul1, intI1, armA, msrE, mphE, and blaCTX-M-3, in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strains in China, highlighting the role of class I integrons in the dissemination of resistance.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study identified multiple carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp) strains carrying various resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance. Plasmid analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes on different plasmids, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Pakistan, including bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, aphA6a, aacA4, sul1, drfA7, msr(E), and mph(E). These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study identified two extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones carrying blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-72, which confer resistance to carbapenems. Additional resistance genes such as aac(3')-Ia, ant(3'')-Ia, aph(3')-VIa, strA, strB, armA, blaADC-73, blaADC-74, blaTEM-1D, mph(E), and msr(E) were also detected.

The study identified 24 different antimicrobial-resistance determinants in Gallibacterium anatis isolates from calves with unresponsive bronchopneumonia, including novel resistance genes such as aadA23, blaCARB-8, tet(Y), and qnrD1.

The paper reviews the diversity and characteristics of plasmids in Acinetobacter species, particularly highlighting the presence of various beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-24, blaPER-1, blaADC-25), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadB, aphA6), tetracycline resistance gene (tet(39)), macrolide resistance genes (mph(E), msr(E)), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and other resistance genes (bcr). These genes are primarily found on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance in clinical isolates.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in phage-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including sulfonamide, tetracycline, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. These findings highlight the complex resistance profiles of these strains and their potential implications for therapeutic strategies.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes encoded in prophages within Acinetobacter baumannii genomes, including blaOXA-23, blaNDM-1, blaADC-5, blaOXA-67, blaOXA-115, blaTEM-12, aac(3)-I, aac(3)-Id, aacA16, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, msr(E), mph(E), and sul2. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii NCCP 16007 strain, including pmrC, pmrB, blaOXA-23, and various aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and beta-lactam resistance genes, contributing to its high resistance to polymyxin B and other antibiotics.

The study identifies a large multidrug-resistant plasmid in Acinetobacter baumannii AC1633 and Acinetobacter nosocomialis AC1530 carrying the NDM-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases, along with other resistance genes such as aac(3)-IId, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul2, msrE, mphE, and tetA(39).

The study identified two macrolide resistance genes, mphE and msrE, in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Both genes were functionally validated to confer resistance to multiple macrolide antibiotics, with higher resistance levels observed against second-generation macrolides.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida isolates from cattle and humans in Egypt, including erm(Q), erm(42), mph(E), msr(E), intl1, intl2, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin, cefotaxime, and ampicillin.

The study found that anaerobic digestion of dairy manure significantly reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, including various ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, and bla PER-1, as well as other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla OXA-1, catB4, dfrA1, floR, lnu(G), sul2, aadA2, mph(E), msr(E), tet(C), tet(E), and tet(X).

Six unique resistance plasmids were identified that can transfer to Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, and E. coli, carrying 3-6 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to 2-4 antibiotic classes.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in plasmidomes from global sewage samples, highlighting the prevalence of macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B, and quinolone resistance genes on plasmids.

The study identifies several AMR genes including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-51, and various aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance genes in XDR A. baumannii isolates from Romania.

The study identified the first emergence of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australian beef feedlots. The resistance mechanisms included the genes msr(E), mph(E), tet(H)-tet(R), and bla ROB-1.

The study identified multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in 189 German Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including blaADC.25, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, ant(3")-IIa, sul2, tet.B, mph.E, msr.E, and blaTEM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, carbapenems, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides.

Solar photo-Fenton treatment effectively removed a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including those conferring resistance to sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and beta-lactams. The study identified several ARGs such as sul1, sul2, tet(X), erm(F), mph(A), mph(E), msr(E), aadA, aph(3"), aph(6), strA, and blaBKC.

The study reports a pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter pittii isolate (17-84) carrying multiple resistance genes including blaOXA-58, blaPER-1, aph(3')-VIb, aac(3')-IId, sul2, msr(E), and mph(E), along with mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and pmrC contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the presence of bla NDM, bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-51-like, and other resistance genes, along with mutations in pmrA and lptF contributing to colistin resistance.

The study characterizes a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that harbors a conjugative virulence plasmid and a bla KPC–2-bearing plasmid. The virulence plasmid contains multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC–2, qnrB4, bla DHA–1, sul1, msr(E), mph(E), bla TEM–1B, aac(3)-IId, bla SHV–12, mph(A), bla CTX–M–65, bla TEM–1B, fosA3, and rmtB. The study also shows that these plasmids can be transferred to other bacterial strains, contributing to the spread of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.

The study identified bla OXA-23 as the primary cause of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Afghanistan, along with various other resistance genes for sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified various AMR genes in two multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, ACC001 and ACC002, including aminoglycoside resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and sulfonamide resistance genes. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as gentamicin, tobramycin, tetracycline, penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides.

The study identified several AMR genes, including novel bla ADC-257, and mutations in gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in extensively drug-resistant NDM-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes a conjugative multidrug resistance IncP-2 megaplasmid, pPAG5, from a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, identifying multiple AMR genes and resistance regions.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain VJR422, including genes encoding beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against various antibiotic classes.

The study found that exposure to high doses of macrolide antibiotics increased the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in soil, particularly those conferring resistance to aminoglycosides and diaminopyrimidines. Low doses of macrolides had minimal impact on the resistome and mobilome.

This study characterizes four groups of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements (AGEs) in Providencia, highlighting the diversity and complexity of multidrug resistance (MDR) regions within these elements. It identifies numerous drug resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, contributing to the understanding of AMR mechanisms in Providencia.

The study characterizes hybrid plasmids in MDR-HvKp ST2096 isolates from India, identifying multiple AMR genes such as bla NDM-5, bla OXA-232, aadA2, armA, and others, along with virulence genes like rmpA2 and iucABCD.

The study identified bla KPC-3, bla GES-5, and bla VIM genes in various Enterobacterales isolates from urban ponds, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-181, blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1, mcr-8, armA, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-ib, aph(6)-id, dfrA, sul2, qnrB, tetA, and catII, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in metagenomic sequencing data from chronically ill feedlot cattle, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim. Notably, tetH was the most frequently detected resistance gene, and several ARGs were found to be associated with integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains, highlighting the prevalence of bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-66 as key determinants of carbapenem resistance, along with other resistance mechanisms such as mutations in efflux pump genes and modifications in lipopolysaccharide synthesis.

Four bla NDM-1-positive Providencia strains were identified in a pig farm in China, showing multidrug resistance and carrying additional resistance genes such as bla OXA-10, bla TEM-116, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AB329, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-51, blaADC-25, blaOXA-23, blaTEM-1D), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(B), tet(R)), and macrolide resistance genes (mph(E), msr(E)). Additionally, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aph(3')-VIa was found on the conjugative plasmid pAB329b, which was shown to transfer resistance to sodium azide-resistant A. baumannii.

The study found that certain antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Hospital A, such as msrE, sul2, and VEB-9, were positively correlated with time during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating potential increases in antimicrobial resistance. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and cephalosporins.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The study identified colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with resistance genes including bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, lps B, and various efflux pumps. These isolates exhibited extensive drug resistance (XDR) and were associated with sequence types ST1 and ST2.

The study identifies the co-production of chromosomal NDM-1 and OXA-820 carbapenemases in a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter pittii strain, along with other resistance genes such as blaADC-43, ble-MBL, sul2, msr(E), mph(E), and ant(2'')-Ia. A point mutation (S81L) in the gyrA gene was also found, contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple carbapenem resistance genes, including blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-72, along with other resistance mechanisms such as 16S rRNA methylase armA and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. The AdeABC efflux pump was also found to contribute to carbapenem resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica ST198 isolates, including aac(3)-Id, aadA7, bla TEM-1b, sul1, tetA, qnrB1, qnrS1, bla CTX-M-14b, bla VEB-8, and bla OXA-48. Additionally, inactivating mutations in ramR and acrB were found to contribute to high-level ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study highlights the role of mobile genetic elements, particularly insertion sequences (IS), in the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter species. IS elements can enhance the expression of intrinsic beta-lactamase genes, such as bla OXA-23, bla OXA-51, and ampC, leading to carbapenem and cephalosporin resistance. Additionally, IS elements can disrupt genes involved in antibiotic uptake, such as porins, and alter the expression of efflux pumps, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, bla NDM-1, and others, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aac(3)-Ia, aadA1, and dfrA1, which contribute to the extensive drug resistance in Acinetobacter strains from Bangladesh.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 47 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from India, including blaOXA-23, blaADC-73, aac(3)-I, aadA, aph(3')-Ib, sul1, sul2, and lpsB. These genes contribute to resistance against carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and polymyxins.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaNDM-1, blaOXA-10, blaPER-4, aph(3')-VI, ant(2'')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, sul1, catB8, catA1, mph(E), and tet, in a multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri strain. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, including carbapenems, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients, including beta-lactamases, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes were found to be prevalent in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the context of the pandemic.

The study reveals that immigration of influent wastewater into activated sludge leads to an increase in the abundance of over 70% of the quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Specific ARGs such as blaTEM, blaMOX, qnrS, qnrB, mphE, dfrA, tetO, tetQ, tetE, marR, msrD, robA, qacL, blaOXA, and ereA were found to increase in abundance with immigration, indicating the impact of influent immigration on the persistence of AMR in wastewater treatment plants.

The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla VIM-1 carbapenemase genes, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(6′)-If, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul2, sat2, qnrB, cmlA5, bla OXA-9, bla CMY-79, bla CMY-116, bla TEM-1A, bla CMY-117, bla OXA-10, bla CFE, bla CMY-100, aac(6′)-Ib, aadA2, sul1, qnrS1, qnrB9, mph(E), msr(E), aac(6′)-Iic, and dfrA16 in carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii isolates from hospital environments and municipal wastewater in Finland.

The study identified 34 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids from carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Pakistan, including bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, and various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and others.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Alexandria, Egypt, including bla OXA-51-like variants, bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, bla PER-7, bla GES-like, and others, highlighting the widespread resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-42, bla NDM-5, aadA, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-232, bla NDM-1, rmtB, rmtC, bla VEB, bla VIM-2, aph(3'), strA/B, bla OXA-23, aph (3′), catB, dfrB, bla VIM-2, fosA, oqxA, oqxB, bla OXA-23, bla CARB, bla OXA-91, bla OXA-51, bla PAO, bla SHV, aph (3′)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, mphE, msrE, ermB, mphA, aadA, rmtB, qnrB, dfrA, sul1, sul2, and fosA7.

The study identified various AMR genes in 37 A. baumannii strains causing nosocomial meningitis, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, rifamycin resistance genes, and antiseptic resistance genes.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study characterizes bla NDM-1-harboring plasmids in clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates from Argentina, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, bla PER-2, qnr D1, sul1, sul2, arr3, catB3, floR, mph(E), msr(E), and tet(A).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in blaNDM-1-positive Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and quaternary ammonium resistance genes.

The study identifies 25 critical mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including genes such as sul1, qacEΔ1, aac(6′)-Ib, bla VIM-1, and others, which are associated with various antibiotic classes and are linked to mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

The study identifies blaIMP-4 and blaIMP-26 as carbapenemase genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales. Additionally, various other AMR genes such as aac(6')-lb3, armAC, aph(3'')-lb, aph(6)-ld, aadA5, aac(6')-llc, aac(3)-IId, dfrA19, dfrA1, sul1, tet(D), tet(A), qnrS1, qnrB4, msr(E), mph(E), ere(A), mph(A), mcr-9, and ARR-3 were characterized for their roles in resistance to different antibiotics.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaPER-7, blaGES-11, blaGES-35, aph(3')-VI, aac(6')-Ib, sul1, sul2, mph(E), msr(E), armA, strA, strB, cmlA5, arr-2, ant(3'')-II, aadA1-pm, tet(B), tet(39), qacEΔ1, and dfrA7.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a rural environmental water body in India, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with genes such as bla VEB-6, bla SHV-12, bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M, and mcr-9, along with mutations in ompK 36 and gyrA.

The study identifies 54 AMR genes and three AMR gene cassettes in the plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolate S1467, contributing to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies three novel bla OXA variants (bla OXA-1202, bla OXA-1203, and bla OXA-1204) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftazidime, and cefoxitin.

The study identifies several AMR genes and a ribosomal protein mutation associated with macrolide resistance in Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from a Saskatchewan feedlot.

The study identified several carbapenem-resistant genes, including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-50, bla OXA-395, bla NDM-7, and bla NDM-5, in various bacterial species in Fiji.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the Iskar River downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and carbapenems. Notably, the carbapenemase genes bla OXA-58 and bla IMP-33-like were detected, which are typically associated with clinical settings.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in bacterial isolates from Cambodia, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55), carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-23, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66), and colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7, mcr-9). Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83F) and parC (S84L) were found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A and Typhi.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from a neonatal ICU in Egypt, highlighting the presence of various beta-lactamase genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and sulfonamide resistance genes.

The study identified several carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR Ab) isolates from high-touch surfaces in Fijian hospitals, revealing the presence of resistance genes such as bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, and others, along with mutations in genes like parC and gyrA, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

This study identified 17 distinct antibiotic resistance genes across 53 P-type T4SS-encoding plasmids in Acinetobacter species, including various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and others, highlighting the significant diversity of resistance determinants carried by these plasmids.

The study identifies and characterizes a colistin-resistant Acinetobacter colistiniresistens isolate co-producing IMP-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases. The isolate exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, and polymyxins, and harbors several resistance genes such as blaIMP-1, blaOXA-58, and eptA-like, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Shigella strains, including beta-lactamases, macrolide resistance genes, quinolone resistance genes, and chromosomal mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterized the phenotypic and genotypic features of one IMP-8-producing and four NDM-1-producing plasmids in Acinetobacter spp. strains isolated in 2010, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes including blaIMP-8, blaNDM-1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-IId, msr(E), mph(E), sul1, sul2, tet(39), and aph(3')-VI.

The study reveals significant transitions in the antibiotic resistome during municipal wastewater treatment, highlighting the presence of various ARGs in untreated wastewater and their reduced abundance in treated samples. Notably, certain ARGs like blaOXA, mef(A), and msr(D) were prevalent in untreated wastewater, while others like aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mef(C), mph(A), and mph(G) were more prominent in activated sludge samples.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae isolates from Armenia, highlighting the presence of XDR and MDR strains with resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

The study identified the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii in Terengganu, Malaysia, with a focus on the detection of various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla OXA-23, bla ADC, bla NDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified several clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens, including estT, floR, mphE, erm(42), msrE, aadA, ANT(2''-Ia), APH(3''-Ib), APH(3'-Ia), APH(6)-Id, sul2, tet(H), ROB-1, and OXA-2. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones in Mannheimia haemolytica.

The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella clinical isolates, including tet(B), sul1, catA2, sul2, floR, aadA1, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-48, bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla SHV, in K. pneumoniae strains from two hospitals in Calabria, Italy, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant clones.

The study identified bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, and bla OXA-1 as the most prevalent carbapenemase genes in CRE isolates from hospitalized children in Shandong, China. Additional resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-15, sul 1, tet A, and mcr-1.26 were also characterized.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Pasteurella multocida isolates from bovine respiratory disease-affected animals in Spanish feedlots, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in an extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate, including bla NDM-1, armA, msrE, mphE, BRP, bla OXA-1, aadA2, dfrA12, qnrB1, bla CTX-M-15, and cat1, highlighting the complex resistance mechanisms in this isolate.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant genes in Providencia pseudovermicola sp. nov., including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-6, bla NDM-1, qnrD1, aadA, armA, msrE, mphE, lnuF, rmtC, aac(6')-Ib10, sul1, aph(3')-Ia, qacEΔ1, and dfrA1, highlighting the significance of these genes in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes in the Enterobacter hormaechei complex, highlighting its multidrug-resistant nature and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in microbial communities from the Oder river water and sediment, including blaTEM-116, erm(F), otr(C), ole(C), oqxB, dfrB3, tcr3, otr(A), vat(F), mph(E), srmB, and qepA4. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Stanley ST29, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51-like, and several aminoglycoside resistance genes, contributing to extensive drug resistance.

The study identified carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in various environmental samples in Lebanon, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Key resistance genes detected include bla NDM-5, bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, mexAB-OprM, bla IMP-1, and others, highlighting the widespread presence of carbapenem resistance in the environment.

The study identified carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying the blaOXA-23 gene and aminoglycoside resistance genes such as armA, aadA2, aph(3')-VIa, and ant(2")-Ia. Other resistance genes included mph(E), msr(E), sul1, sul2, and tet(B).

The study identifies a novel Acinetobacter species co-harboring chromosomal tet(X3) and plasmid-associated bla(NDM-1) genes, demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotics including carbapenems and tetracyclines.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in three CRAB isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, blaADC-198, blaADC-73, and various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, efflux pumps, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the extensive multidrug resistance in these isolates.

The paper discusses the identification of various AMR genes in Acinetobacter baumannii and other pathogens, highlighting their role in resistance to multiple antibiotics and the potential of phage therapy as an alternative treatment.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Paraguay, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-65, blaADC-73, blaADC-5, blaTEM-1, and various aminoglycoside, macrolide, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes.

The study identified high-risk clones ST2 and ST571 in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Hanoi, Vietnam, and characterized resistance genes such as blaOXA-23, mph(E), msr(E), and armA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study identifies the persistent dissemination of armA-carrying IncR plasmids among clinical and environmental bacterial populations in a Spanish veterinary hospital, highlighting the role of these plasmids in the spread of aminoglycoside resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaOXA-23, aadA1, armA, aph(3')-VIa, aph(3')-Ia, and ant(3'')-IIa, in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Egypt.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in the novel ST7947 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate BB-7, including bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-28, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-232, armA, aadA2, baeR, tetD, adeF, emrR, AAC(6')-Ib-cr6, catI, sul1, mphE, msrE, dfrA1, oqxA, and fosA, as well as mutations in GyrA, ParC, OmpA, OmpK37, and ArnT that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aph(6)-id_2, mef(c), mef(b), mph(e), mph(g), msr(d), lnu(b), lnu(d), aadA, ant(6)-Ia, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, qnrS1, mcr-1, and vanA, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, and glycopeptides.

The study identifies multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone 12, including bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, bla GES-12, bla GES-22, bla GES-35, bla CARB-16, bla CARB-49, aphA6a, aadB, strA, strB, cmlA1, aadA2b, sul1, drfA7, dfrA1, qacE, tet(B), tet(X3), msr(E), mph(E), bla TEM-1B, and aacC3. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms in this clone.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in CRAB isolates from a NICU outbreak, including carbapenemases (blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66), beta-lactamases (blaADC-25, blaTEM-1D), aminoglycoside resistance genes (armA, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id), macrolide resistance genes (mphE, msrE), tetracycline resistance gene (tetB), and efflux pump genes (adeABC, adeFGH, adeIJK, acrAB).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Chinese S. Montevideo isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM−1B, bla OXA−1, bla LAP−2, bla CTX−M−55, bla CTX−M−65, bla DHA−1), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS2, qnrS1, qnrA1, qnrB6, qnrB4, qepA1), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, mphE, msrE, mphB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA12, dfrA27, sul3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (floR, catA2, catB3).