Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

mtrC

multidrug efflux RND transporter periplasmic adaptor subunit MtrC

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to mtrC

Browse AMR rules for mtrC

Validation StatusConfirmed2+ DBs

Overview

Mechanism: antibiotic efflux
Validation Method: deletion mutant analysis
Drug Classes: EFFLUX, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Tetracycline, Fluoroquinolone, Macrolide, Lincosamide, Streptogramin, Chloramphenicol, Oxazolidinone, AZITHROMYCIN/BETA-LACTAM/TETRACYCLINE, Tetracycline|Vancomycin
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis MC58, Haemophilus ducreyi, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Geographic Location: Europe, South Africa, United States|Europe|Russia|Canada|Australia|global
Alleles: 3
Papers: 11
Databases: Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit
Mutations: 4

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
S821A	-	-	-	Azithromycin	Reslit	Candidate
S23P	-	-	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Cefixime	Reslit	Candidate
-	C-120T	multidrug efflux RND transporter periplasmic adaptor subunit MtrC promoter region	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	AZITHROMYCIN/BETA-LACTAM/TETRACYCLINE

Allele Variants3

Allele	Database	Papers	Drug Classes	Organisms	Countries	Years	Sequence Accession	Protein Accession
MtrC	Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit	8	EFFLUX, Vancomycin +12	Neisseria meningitidis MC58 +3	Europe, South Africa, United States\|Europe\|Russia\|Canada\|Australia\|global	1995, 2003, 2011, 2013, 2020, 2022, 2025	AE002098.2	AAF42063.1
Ngon_mtrC_AZM	Card Database	1	-	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	-	-	CP043871.1	QIH19826.1
mtrC	Card Database	1	-	Neisseria meningitidis MC58	-	-	AE002098.2	AAF42063.1

Papers11

1

A gonococcal efflux pump system enhances bacterial survival in a female mouse model of genital tract infection.

PMID 14500476 · 2003

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: multidrug efflux RND transporter periplasmic adaptor subunit MtrC
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: antibiotic efflux
Confers Resistance To: EFFLUX
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria meningitidis MC58
Sequence Accession: AE002098.2
Protein Accession: AAF42063.1
Notes: ARO:3000810

2

A gonococcal efflux pump system enhances bacterial survival in a female mouse model of genital tract infection.

PMID 14500476 · 2003

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: multidrug efflux RND transporter periplasmic adaptor subunit MtrC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Mechanism: antibiotic efflux
Confers Resistance To: EFFLUX
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria meningitidis MC58
Sequence Accession: AE002098.2
Protein Accession: AAF42063.1
Notes: ARO:3000810

3

Deletion of mtrC in Haemophilus ducreyi increases sensitivity to human antimicrobial peptides and activates the CpxRA regulon.

PMID 21444663 · 2011

The study identifies mtrC as a gene involved in resistance to LL-37 and human β-defensins in Haemophilus ducreyi, with deletion of mtrC increasing sensitivity to these antimicrobial peptides.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: membrane fusion protein
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Haemophilus ducreyi
Validation Method: deletion mutant analysis
Sequence Accession: HQ712073|HQ712074|HQ712075|HQ712076|HQ712077|HQ712078|HQ712079|HQ712080|HQ712081

4

Tripartite efflux pumps: energy is required for dissociation, but not assembly or opening of the outer membrane channel of the pump.

PMID 23565750 · 2013

The study identifies the MtrCDE efflux pump components and characterizes the E434K mutation in MtrE as critical for vancomycin resistance, demonstrating that energy-dependent proton translocation is required for pump function.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: membrane fusion protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Vancomycin
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Validation Method: disc-diffusion assays

5

PARMAP: A Pan-Genome-Based Computational Framework for Predicting Antimicrobial Resistance and Identifying Resistance-Associated Genetic Alterations

PMID 33193203 · 2020

PARMAP, a pan-genome-based computational framework, successfully predicts antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Escherichia coli. It identifies both known and novel AMR-associated gene alleles, including mutations in genes like GYRA, GYRB, ACNB, and PDXJ, which are linked to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: inner membrane transporter
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Ciprofloxacin
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Geographic Location: Europe
Validation Method: pan-genome analysis and machine learning prediction

6

Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Efflux Pump Gene Expression in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates from South Africa by Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Regression Analysis.

PMID 36312786 · 2022

The study identified several genes and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from South Africa, including mtrC, gyrA, parE, rpsJ, and 23S rRNA, along with specific mutations in mtrF, gyrA, parC, and macA.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: efflux pump component
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: PenicillinCefiximeCeftriaxoneAzithromycin
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Geographic Location: South Africa
Validation Method: quantitative real-time PCR and regression analysis
Sequence Accession: PRJNA681740

7

Global genomic and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Insights from whole genome sequencing and minimum inhibitory concentration analysis.

PMID 41052130 · 2025

The study identifies key resistance mechanisms in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including the widespread presence of efflux pump genes (norM, farB, mtrC, mtrA) and specific resistance genes such as bla TEM, tet(C), and erm(C). It highlights the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the need for global surveillance and targeted interventions.

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: efflux pump
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: active efflux of antibiotics
Confers Resistance To: TetracyclineFluoroquinoloneMacrolideLincosamideStreptograminChloramphenicolOxazolidinone
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Geographic Location: United States|Europe|Russia|Canada|Australia|global
Validation Method: genomic prediction and AST data correlation

8

Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system.

PMID 7711899 · 1995

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: MtrC
Encodes: multidrug efflux RND transporter periplasmic adaptor subunit MtrC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog
Confers Resistance To: EFFLUX
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Sequence Accession: U14993.1
Protein Accession: AAA80193.1

9

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: Ngon_mtrC_AZM
Encodes: resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: antibiotic efflux
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Sequence Accession: CP043871.1
Protein Accession: QIH19826.1
Notes: ARO:3005004

10

Gene Information

Gene Name: mtrC
Allele: mtrC
Encodes: resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump
Source Database: Card Database
Mechanism: antibiotic efflux
Organisms Tested In: • Neisseria meningitidis MC58
Sequence Accession: AE002098.2
Protein Accession: AAF42063.1
Notes: ARO:3000810