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ndh

NADH dehydrogenase

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to ndh

Browse AMR rules for ndh

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: Mutations in ndh alter the redox potential, leading to resistance by preventing the formation of the INH-NAD adduct.
Validation Method: Mutation analysis and redox potential measurements.
Drug Classes: Isoniazid, Ethionamide, Gentamicin, Oxacillin, Linezolid, Ciprofloxacin, Isoniazid|Ethionamide, Pyrazinamide|Isoniazid, Isoniazid|Ethambutol
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycolicibacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium bovis
Geographic Location: Europe|Africa|South East Asia|Western Pacific|Americas, Georgia|Moldova|Peru|South Africa|Viet Nam, South Africa|Singapore|Brazil
Papers: 19
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 35

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
V300G	-	single resistance variant	Mycolicibacterium smegmatis	Isoniazid	Card Database	Established
A119G	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Isoniazid	Reslit	Candidate
A132T	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Isoniazid

Papers19

1

Resistance to Isoniazid and Ethionamide in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Genes, Mutations, and Causalities.

PMID 26104204 · 2014

The study identifies key genes and mutations involved in resistance to isoniazid (INH) and ethionamide (ETH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, highlighting the role of katG, inhA, and ethA in resistance mechanisms.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ndh
Allele: ndh
Encodes: NADH dehydrogenase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: Mutations in ndh alter the redox potential, leading to resistance by preventing the formation of the INH-NAD adduct.
Confers Resistance To: IsoniazidEthionamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium smegmatis
• Mycobacterium bovis BCG
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: South Africa|Singapore|Brazil
Validation Method: Mutation analysis and redox potential measurements.

2

Multidrug Intrinsic Resistance Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Identified by Profiling Fitness within High-Diversity Transposon Libraries.

PMID 27531908 · 2016

The study identifies several intrinsic resistance factors in Staphylococcus aureus, including ndh, fmtA, mprF, graRS/vraFG, dltA, SAOUHSC_01025, and SAOUHSC_01050, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ndh
Allele: ndh
Encodes: NADH dehydrogenase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: GentamicinOxacillinLinezolidCiprofloxacin
Organisms Tested In: • Staphylococcus aureus
Validation Method: Tn-Seq and spot dilution assay

3

Investigating resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates with genomic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a multicentre observational study.

PMID 35907429 · 2022

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, including rpoB, fabG1, inhA, ndh, katG, mshA, ahpC, gyrA, gyrB, rrs, eis, embCAB, pncA, and rpsA, which are associated with resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ndh
Allele: ndh
Encodes: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: chromosomal resistance
Confers Resistance To: Isoniazid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Geographic Location: Georgia|Moldova|Peru|South Africa|Viet Nam
Validation Method: genomic resistance prediction based on mutation catalogue
Sequence Accession: PRJEB48275

4

Leveraging large-scale Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequence data to characterise drug-resistant mutations using machine learning and statistical approaches.

PMID 39511309 · 2024

The study identifies several genes and mutations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including pncA, ethA, ndh, mshA, embR, rpoB, inhA, gyrA, and Rv0678, along with their respective mutations that confer resistance to pyrazinamide, ethionamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, and clofazimine.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ndh
Allele: ndh
Encodes: nicotinamide dehydrogenase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Isoniazid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Europe|Africa|South East Asia|Western Pacific|Americas
Validation Method: association analysis with resistance phenotypes

5

NADH dehydrogenase defects confer isoniazid resistance and conditional lethality in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID 9573199 · 1998

NADH dehydrogenase defects in Mycobacterium smegmatis confer isoniazid resistance and conditional lethality. Mutations in the ndh gene were found to reduce NADH dehydrogenase activity, leading to resistance to isoniazid and ethionamide.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ndh
Allele: ndh
Encodes: NADH dehydrogenase
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Isoniazid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium smegmatis
Validation Method: expression of the ndh gene restored sensitivity to 50% of the INH r mutants
Sequence Accession: AF038423|AF038422