The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.

The study identified the optrA gene as a significant factor in linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecalis strains, along with novel mutations in ribosomal proteins L3 and L4. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring optrA for resistance screening.

The study identifies novel linezolid resistance plasmids containing optrA and cfr genes in Enterococcus isolates from food animals in the USA, highlighting the potential for horizontal transfer of resistance genes.

The study identifies the presence of the cfr(B) gene on a chromosomal Tn 6218-like element and the optrA gene on a plasmid in the linezolid-resistant E. faecalis isolate KUB3006, contributing to its resistance to linezolid and chloramphenicol.

The study investigated the resistance mechanism of the optrA gene, which confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols. The research concluded that the OptrA protein does not mediate resistance via active efflux like other ABC transporters.

The study identified several AMR genes in enterococcal isolates, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, ermB, msrA/B, tetK, tetL, tetM, vanB, vanC1, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, vancomycin, and linezolid.

The study identifies Tn6674, a novel transposon carrying the optrA gene, which confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, along with fexA, spc, and erm(A) genes, in an Enterococcus faecalis strain.

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and a cfr-like gene as key contributors to linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from Pakistan, whereas US isolates primarily exhibit resistance via the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene.

The study identifies two pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids, pE211 and pE508, carrying the novel mobile optrA locus, which confers resistance to linezolid and florfenicol in Enterococcus faecalis.

The study reports the first linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus suis isolate harboring the optrA and vanG operons, indicating the potential risk of these resistance genes spreading to other Gram-positive bacteria.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the fecal microbiota of dairy calves, highlighting the association between diet and the resistome. Key genes include ermB, lnuC, mefA, tet32, tet40, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and optrA, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and tetracyclines, as well as oxazolidinones and phenicols.

The study identified the optrA gene as a significant contributor to resistance against oxazolidinones and phenicols in various bacterial isolates from dogs and food items.

Florfenicol treatment significantly altered the microbiome and resistome in catfish tanks, promoting the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes and inducing mutation-driven resistance.

The study identified the emergence of linezolid-nonsusceptible Enterococcus faecalis carrying the optrA gene, indicating the spread of oxazolidinone resistance in a hospital setting.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus spp., including erm(B), tet(M), optrA, dfrE, lsa(A), aac(6')-Ib, eat(A), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, tet(L), bcrB, bcrC, dfrF, and dfrG, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as macrolides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, trimethoprim, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified a high prevalence of the linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Irish hospitals, highlighting the spread of these multidrug resistance genes among diverse genetic backgrounds.

The study identifies optrA and cfr(D) as the primary mechanisms of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, with optrA being prevalent and cfr(D) reported for the first time in E. faecalis. Additionally, a G2576T mutation in 23S rDNA was found in E. faecium isolates.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in enteric bacteria, highlighting the role of beta-lactamases, mcr genes, and erm genes in conferring resistance to beta-lactams, colistin, and macrolides respectively.

The study identified several optrA variants in linezolid-resistant Enterococcus isolates, demonstrating that specific mutations in optrA contribute to increased linezolid MIC.

The study identified the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Bangladesh, along with other resistance genes such as erm(B), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, tet(M), and tet(L). Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with levofloxacin resistance.

The study reports the coexistence of the oxazolidinone resistance genes cfr and optrA in a linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate from a healthy pig in Brazil, highlighting the need for monitoring antibiotic use in swine production.

The study identified the optrA gene, which confers resistance to linezolid, tedizolid, and phenicols, and the fexA gene, which encodes a phenicol exporter, in linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from broiler breeder farms.

The study identified optrA and fexA genes in linezolid- and chloramphenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from chicken meat in South Korea. These genes were found in both chromosomal and plasmid DNA, and the optrA gene showed two amino acid changes in one isolate, leading to increased linezolid resistance.

The study identified the presence of linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in enterococci isolated from marine sediments and zooplankton in two Italian coastal areas, highlighting the potential spread of these resistance genes in environmental reservoirs.

The study identified the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA as the primary mechanism of linezolid resistance in E. faecium, while the optrA gene was the main cause of resistance in E. faecalis. Additionally, the cfr gene was detected in one isolate.

The study presents a cross-resistance platform (CRP) consisting of 28 Staphylococcus aureus strains with defined resistance genotypes, designed to detect cross-resistance between established and novel antibacterial agents. The CRP includes various AMR genes and mutations that confer resistance to multiple antibiotic classes.

The study identifies the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus was associated with mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, while in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of the cfr gene. Additionally, the S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes.

This study identifies the coexistence of the florfenicol exporter gene fexA and the ribosomal protective protein gene optrA in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates from pigs and poultry, highlighting their potential role in multidrug resistance.

The paper discusses ribosome protection proteins (RPPs) as significant contributors to antibiotic resistance, particularly against tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and various other antibiotics targeting the ribosome. Key RPPs include TetM, TetO, FusB, VgaA, LsaA, MsrE, MsrA, optrA, and poxtA, which confer resistance through mechanisms involving direct interaction with the ribosome and displacement of antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in three multi-drug resistant L. innocua isolates, including tet(M), optrA, fexA, dfrG, lnu(B), lsa(E), ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, catA8, lnu(A), msr(D), and mef(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxazolidinones, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, lincomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from retail raw milk in northern Xinjiang, China, including blaZ, mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, aacA-aphD, tetK, tetM, vanA, rpoB, linA, optrA, and cfr, which confer resistance to penicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, vancomycin, rifampin, clindamycin, linezolid, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol.

Contezolid shows potent in vitro activity against MRSA and VRE isolates, including those with linezolid resistance genes cfr and optrA. It exhibits similar or slightly better activity compared to linezolid against these strains.

The study identified a diverse range of linezolid-resistant (LR) isolates in food-producing animals, primarily driven by the presence of cfr, optrA, and poxtA genes. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, including linezolid, phenicols, and oxazolidinones.

The study identified optrA, poxtA, fexA, and cfr(D) genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from food-producing animals and meat in Korea, highlighting their role in phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaZ, vanA, ermB, tetM, and optrA, in Enterococcus species isolated from subclinical mastitic milk. High rates of multidrug resistance were observed, particularly against oxacillin, vancomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified several AMR genes, including tet(M), erm(B), msrC, aac(6')-Ii, and optrA, in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from a beef processing plant and retail ground beef.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs in Italy, including ermb, tet(O), aac6-aph2, ant6-ia, aph3-iiia, spw, tet(40), tet(W), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W/N/N), erm(47), lnuB, lsaE, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, lincomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from aquaculture farms in Zhanjiang, China, including blaTEM, blaCIT, floR, OptrA, cmlA, aphA1, Sul2, oqxA, qnrS, and mcr1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, quinolones, and colistin.

The study identifies optrA-mediated linezolid resistance in multiple lineages and plasmids of Enterococcus faecalis, revealing the genetic environment and variability of the optrA gene.

The study identified and characterized the oxazolidinone resistance genes cfr and optrA in Enterococcus isolates.

The study identifies a novel linezolid resistance gene optrA and a bacitracin resistance locus within a multiple antibiotic resistant integrative and conjugative element (ICE) in Streptococcus suis strain 1112S. The ICE was capable of transferring between bacteria and conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies optrA as a gene conferring linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, and characterizes mutations in liaR, liaS, and cls associated with daptomycin resistance. Additionally, a 23S rRNA G2576T mutation was linked to linezolid resistance in E. faecium.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from Miranda donkeys and their handlers, including blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, tetK, tetL, tetM, lnuA, ermB, ermC, mecA, and optrA. These genes confer resistance to penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, lincomycins, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, methicillin, and linezolid.

PoxtA and OptrA confer resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones, but not tetracyclines. They alleviate linezolid-induced ribosomal stalling by interacting with the P-site tRNA and altering its conformation.

The study identified the presence of linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus isolates from cattle and pigs in Portugal, highlighting their potential role in antimicrobial resistance.

The paper reviews antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting the roles of various AMR genes such as aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, cfr, optrA, and poxtA in conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and oxazolidinones.

The study identified the coexistence of cfr and optrA genes in a plasmid in MRSA ST398 isolates and reported the poxtA-carrying segment (IS 431mec - optrA -IS 1216-fexB -IS 431mec ) for the first time.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study found that the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters in China led to an increase in antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter coli, particularly for gentamicin and florfenicol. Several resistance genes, including aadE-Cc, aac(6')-aph(2"), ant(6)-la, aph(3")-lll, aph(2")-lf, tet(O), tet(M), tet(O/32/O), cat, fexA, cfr(C), optrA, blaOXA-193, blaOXA-489, and blaOXA-61, were identified. Mutations in 23S rRNA and gyrA were also associated with resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, respectively.

The study identified the persistence of transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes, particularly optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D), in enterococcal isolates from a swine farm in China. These genes were found to confer resistance to linezolid, tedizolid, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol.

The study identified 18 AMR genes in non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nucleosides, and phenicols.

The study identified several florfenicol and oxazolidinone resistance genes, including floR, fexA, cfr, optrA, and poxtA, in livestock farms in China. These genes were found to be prevalent in fecal samples from pigs and chickens, highlighting the risk of their spread through mobile genetic elements.

The study identified four novel OptrA variants (IDKKGPM, IDKKGP, KLDK, and EYDDI) in various Gram-positive bacteria, highlighting the widespread presence of the optrA gene in healthy populations.

The study evaluated the accuracy of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for predicting antimicrobial resistance in enterococcal clinical isolates. It identified several AMR genes and mutations, including aac(6')-aph(2"), erm(B), erm(T), tet(L), tet(M), vanA, vanB, vanD, optrA, poxtA, and mutations in gyrA and parC, which were validated through genomic sequencing and phenotypic AST.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure samples from a swine finishing facility, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics. Key genes included tet(M), lnuA, erm(35), aadS, mphB, dfrG, vga-type ABC-F, lsa-type ABC-F, msr-type ABC-F, optrA, and others, primarily found in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. These genes were associated with resistance mechanisms such as target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps.

The study identified several AMR genes, including ermB, tetM, tetL, optrA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-la, ant(6')-Ia, and Int-Tn, in high-level erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from bulk tank milk in Korea.

The study identified the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA in an ST480 E. faecalis isolate, along with the phenicol exporter gene fexA, which conferred resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. faecium isolates from captive giant pandas, including aac(6')-aph(2''), aph(2'')-Id, vanA, cfr, and optrA, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified the presence of oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA, poxtA, and cfr in Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Vagococcus lutrae isolates from raw meat-based diets for companion animals in Switzerland. These genes confer resistance to oxazolidinones, highlighting a public health concern regarding the potential spread of resistant bacteria from pets to humans.

The study identified the optrA and fexA genes as major contributors to oxazolidinone and phenicol resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from swine farms in Zhejiang Province. The optrA gene was found to be prevalent and often co-existed with fexA.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including tetO, ermB, optrA, and ermA, in a multidrug-resistant S. suis strain causing an outbreak in Thailand.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig manure samples from different regions of Shanxi, China, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. Key ARGs included tet(W), tet(40), tet(Q), erm(B), erm(F), mef(A), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, cfr(C), floR, blaACI-1, optrA, cat, cfxA4, cfxA5, blaCTX-M-105, blaCTX-M-65, fexB, erm(T), mdf(A), and ole(B).

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and cfrD genes in Enterococcus isolates from pigs, dogs, storks, and pig-farmers, indicating the presence of linezolid-resistant enterococci in various hosts, emphasizing the need for monitoring through a One-Health approach.

The study identifies pELF1-like plasmids in Enterococcus faecium that carry multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including vancomycin resistance determinants, aminoglycoside resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and oxazolidinone resistance genes. These plasmids are associated with multidrug-resistant clades and demonstrate high stability and self-transmissibility.

The study reports the isolation of an optrA-positive Enterococcus faecium strain from a bile sample, highlighting the presence of chromosomal optrA as an intrinsic resistance gene against linezolid.

The study identified four acquired linezolid resistance genes (optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2) in a linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate from chicken origin. These genes were located on both chromosomal and plasmid DNA, with cfr embedded in a novel pseudocompound transposon. The plasmids carrying these genes were capable of transferring between Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified linezolid resistance mechanisms in MRSA isolates, including mutations in domain V of 23 S rRNA (A2338T, T2504C, G2576T) and genes such as cfr(B), optrA, msrA, mecA, and vanA.

The study identifies the role of various mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the dissemination of the optrA gene, which confers resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones in Streptococcus suis. The IS 1216E element plays a significant role in the formation of translocatable units (TUs) that facilitate the spread of optrA between different MGEs.

The study identified 24 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 96 Streptococcus suis isolates, including erm(B), tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, and optrA, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and linezolid. These genes were found in isolates from both swine and humans in China.

The study identifies the co-existence of oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr(D) in two Streptococcus parasuis isolates, highlighting their genetic environments and potential for horizontal transfer.

The paper reviews the prevalence, classification, and drug resistance mechanisms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), focusing on the roles of mecA, mecC, and vanA genes in conferring resistance to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics.

The study identified tet(M) and erm(B) as the most common antibiotic-resistant genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from South African hospitals, along with other resistance genes such as dfrG, catA, and optrA.

The study identified the optrA gene as a major contributor to linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from various reservoirs around farms in Vietnam. The presence of optrA was strongly associated with linezolid resistance and multidrug resistance in these isolates.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus raffinosus strains Er676 and ATCC49464, identifying genes such as tetM, ant(9)-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, ermA, efrA, efrB, optrA, and fexA, which confer resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, and phenicols.

The study reports the first genomic characterization of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus isolates carrying the optrA gene from retail broiler meat in the UAE. The optrA gene was found to confer resistance to linezolid and was associated with other resistance genes.

The study identifies the optrA gene, which confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, along with other resistance genes such as fexA, erm(A), erm(B), erm(Q), aac(6')-aph(2''), and lnu(P) in the optrA-positive Clostridium perfringens strain QHY-2. These genes are located on a novel plasmid type, highlighting the potential for horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance among C. perfringens strains.

The florfenicol-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strain 90_2023 was isolated from a raw sausage and contains several antimicrobial resistance genes, including catA8, fexA, and a truncated optrA gene.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in three donkey-derived Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolates, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and others. Notably, the HT1112 isolate showed resistance to six antimicrobials, while HTP133 and HTP232 showed resistance to fewer drugs. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of biofilm formation in antimicrobial resistance.

The study identifies the optrA gene, which confers resistance to linezolid and florfenicol, and highlights the role of IS6 family insertion sequences in promoting its dissemination between plasmids with varying transfer abilities.

The study identifies linezolid resistance genes (optrA, poxtA, cfr) and the G2576T mutation in 40% of linezolid-susceptible Enterococcus isolates, highlighting the potential for rapid resistance development under selective pressure.

The study identified optrA and 23S rRNA gene mutations as the primary resistance mechanisms in linezolid-non-susceptible Enterococcus strains, with optrA being particularly prevalent.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in ESKAPE pathogens in China, highlighting the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) and the emergence of resistance mechanisms such as blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, rmtB, armA, fosA3, optrA, and poxtA.

The study identified the widespread distribution of linezolid resistance genes optrA, poxtA, cfr, and cfr(D) in various niches, including humans, animals, and the environment. These genes were found to confer resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin G.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 4, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, and chloramphenicol. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for the dissemination of these resistance genes.

The study identified optrA as the most common linezolid resistance mechanism in clinical enterococci in China, along with cfr(D) and poxtA. Mutations in rplC and rplD were also associated with linezolid resistance.

The study identified the optrA gene as the primary mechanism of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium, with 83.3% of isolates harboring this gene. Additionally, a G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was found in 33.3% of isolates, contributing to linezolid resistance.

The linezolid-resistant E. faecalis N23-3408 harbors the optrA gene on a plasmid, along with other resistance genes including cat, erm(B), fexA, tet(L), and tet(M).

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and cfrD as key genes responsible for linezolid resistance in Enterococcus isolates from healthy hosts, highlighting zoonotic transmission between pigs and pig farmers.

The study identifies the optrA gene as the primary resistance mechanism for linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis strains, highlighting its horizontal transfer through plasmids mediated by the insertion sequence IS1216E.

The study identifies optr A, poxt A, and cfr (D) genes as key determinants of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from Pakistan, along with G2576T mutations in the 23S rRNA gene.

The study identified cfr-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pig farms in Korea, highlighting the emergence of linezolid-susceptible phenotypes despite the presence of the cfr gene. Mutations in the cfr gene, including a 35-bp insertion in the promoter region and a Q148K substitution in the ORF, were linked to reduced linezolid resistance.

Florfenicol administration in piglets leads to the selection of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those conferring resistance to phenicols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and oxazolidinones.

The study identified optrA as a prevalent gene encoding resistance to Linezolid in Enterococci isolated from the vaginal microbiota of late-pregnant women, highlighting its association with multidrug resistance.

The study identified linezolid-resistant E. faecalis strains carrying the optrA gene, along with other resistance genes such as fexA, ermA/B, and lsa(A).

The study identifies linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus thailandicus isolates, along with a vancomycin-variable E. faecium strain. It also reveals the increasing prevalence of E. lactis in the healthy human gut and the complex interplay of bacteriocin gene profiles among Enterococcus species.

The study identified vanA-mediated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, as well as optrA-positive linezolid-resistant E. faecalis in Bangladesh.

The study identified vancomycin resistance genes (vanC, vanXY-C2) in a vancomycin-susceptible E. faecalis isolate, along with optrA, tetM, ermB, lsa(A), msr(C), and ant(6)-Ia genes in Enterococcus isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains in salad vegetables.

The study reports the first identification of optrA and cfr(D) in Enterococcus saccharolyticus from chicken feces in China, highlighting their presence in a new species and emphasizing the need for surveillance of resistance determinants in animal-associated bacteria.

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and specific 23S rRNA mutations (G2505A and G2576T) as key determinants of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes in bacterial isolates from wild aquatic birds in Northern Italy, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM, blaCMY-1, blaCMY-2, blaNDM, blaKPC), colistin resistance genes (mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetL, tetM, tetK), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, vatD, vgA, msrC), vancomycin resistance genes (vanC1, vanC2, vanM, vanG), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3), aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, armA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtF), and nitrofurantoin resistance genes (nfsA, nfsB).

The study identifies the first linezolid-resistant Enterococcus cecorum strain (2023EC-GS-SDAU-1) in China carrying the optrA/fexA resistance gene cluster, highlighting the emergence of oxazolidinone resistance in poultry and the need for enhanced surveillance.

The study identifies various beta-lactamase genes such as bla CTX-M, bla KPC, bla NDM, and bla VIM, along with other resistance genes like erm(TR), lsa, efrA, efrB, and optrA, which were detected through selective culture enrichment of wastewater samples.

The study identified the optrA gene as the primary mechanism of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus species from cancer patients in China, along with other resistance genes such as tet(M), erm(A), and erm(B).

The study identifies and characterizes various AMR genes and mutations associated with linezolid resistance in Enterococcus species, including cfr, optrA, poxtA, and specific 23S rRNA mutations.

The study identified optrA and poxtA as linezolid resistance genes in Enterococcus faecium isolates. Additionally, a novel variant of optrA (KLDK) and a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene (G2576T) were found to contribute to linezolid resistance. The co-existence of vanM and optrA was also noted in a linezolid-resistant isolate.