The study identifies mutations in penicillin-binding protein genes (pbp2x, pbp2b, pbp1a) and the murMN resistance determinant as contributors to amoxicillin and penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies 51 loci, including 301 SNPs, associated with beta-lactam non-susceptibility in Streptococcus pneumoniae, focusing on genes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and other pathways.

The study identifies PBP2b and PBP2x as targets of piperacillin, with PBP2b variants conferring resistance through reduced drug affinity.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus hirae R17, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, lincosamides, streptogramins, pleuromutilins, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and others. Notably, the strain exhibited resistance to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.

The study identified the prevalence of various vaccine candidate proteins in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including the novel Pht fusion proteins PhtA/B and PhtA/D. It also characterized resistance mechanisms such as erm(B), mef(A/E), tet(M), and mutations in pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b contributing to macrolide, tetracycline, and penicillin resistance.

The study identifies pbp2b, pbp2x, and pbp1a as key genes contributing to meropenem resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, along with ermB, tetM, and cat as resistance genes. Mutations in PBP2b, PBP2x, and PBP1a were linked to increased meropenem resistance.

The study identified that nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae (NESp) strains can acquire capsule and become more virulent during systemic infection. It also showed that recombination events in NESp strains can lead to the acquisition of beta-lactam resistance genes such as pbp1a and pbp2x.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in pneumococcal strains from Myanmar, including genes conferring resistance to azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones, as well as mutations in penicillin-binding proteins and DNA gyrase. These findings highlight the spread of AMR in pneumococcal strains in Myanmar.

The study identifies amino acid substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 2X (PBP2X) that decrease susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics in Streptococcus pyogenes. Specifically, the substitutions M593T and P601L were experimentally shown to increase penicillin MICs.

The study identifies pbp2x, pbp2b, pbp1a, and murM as the main resistance determinants for amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrating that the order of allele uptake is important for successful resistance evolution.

The study shows that β-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is mainly achieved through interspecies recombination rather than de novo mutations, maintaining virulence. Key genes involved include pbp2X, pbp2B, and murM, which contribute to resistance without significant fitness costs.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in three donkey-derived Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolates, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and others. Notably, the HT1112 isolate showed resistance to six antimicrobials, while HTP133 and HTP232 showed resistance to fewer drugs. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of biofilm formation in antimicrobial resistance.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the large inversion fragment of S.iniae BH16-24, contributing to its multidrug resistance. These genes include pbp2B, pbp1A, pbp2X, femA, gyrA, oppA, aph, dfrA, and macB, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and macrolides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Rothia nasimurium Y1, including vanA, vanC, vanB, vanE, vanD, vanG, vanF, vanM, vanL, vanO, vanN, mtrA, vanRA, arlR, vanRI, vanRB, vanRC, vanRD, vanRF, vanRG, CpxR, kdpE, vanRM, vanRN, baeR, adeR, vanRL, smeR, gyrA, gyrB, parC, Mfd, mfd, PBP2, PBP2x, EF-Tu, dfrE, pncA, tetB(P), tetQ, tet44, tetT, tetW, tetS, tetM, tetO, otr(A), tet36, tet32, clbC, clbB, clbA, cipA, cfrA, cfrC, sul3, ParY, murA, cls, and ileS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as glycopeptides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, phenicols, macrolides, and others.

The study identifies the emergence of a multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 35B-ST156 clone in Japan, characterized by resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, and co-trimoxazole due to specific genetic mutations and gene acquisitions.

The study identifies pbp2x and pbp2b as key genes involved in beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with specific mutations contributing to resistance against cefotaxime and piperacillin.

The study demonstrates the acquisition of five high-Mr penicillin-binding protein (PBPs) variants (PBP2x, PBP2a, PBP2b, PBP1a, and PBP1b) during the transfer of high-level beta-lactam resistance from Streptococcus mitis to Streptococcus pneumoniae. These PBPs confer resistance to cefotaxime, oxacillin, and benzylpenicillin.

The study identifies specific amino acid substitutions in PBP2x that contribute to beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The study identified multiple penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Bulgaria, characterizing their resistance mechanisms through molecular techniques. Key findings include the identification of specific penicillin-binding protein genes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x) and resistance genes (ermB, mefE, tetM, cat) associated with resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.