The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in kefir and yoghurt samples, including lmrD, poxtA, and APH(3')-IIb, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as lincosamides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, phenicols, pleuromutilins, streptogramins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified fexA, fexB, and cfr as the primary florfenicol resistance genes in CoNS isolates, with fexA being the most prevalent. These genes were found in both the chromosome and plasmids of the multidrug-resistant S. lentus strain H29.

The study identified the presence of linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in enterococci isolated from marine sediments and zooplankton in two Italian coastal areas, highlighting the potential spread of these resistance genes in environmental reservoirs.

The study identifies the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus was associated with mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, while in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of the cfr gene. Additionally, the S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes.

The paper discusses ribosome protection proteins (RPPs) as significant contributors to antibiotic resistance, particularly against tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and various other antibiotics targeting the ribosome. Key RPPs include TetM, TetO, FusB, VgaA, LsaA, MsrE, MsrA, optrA, and poxtA, which confer resistance through mechanisms involving direct interaction with the ribosome and displacement of antibiotics.

The study identifies poxtA2, a presumptive ancestor of poxtA, as a functional gene conferring linezolid resistance in a plasmid from a linezolid-resistant Enterococcus gallinarum isolate.

The study identified a diverse range of linezolid-resistant (LR) isolates in food-producing animals, primarily driven by the presence of cfr, optrA, and poxtA genes. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, including linezolid, phenicols, and oxazolidinones.

The study identified optrA, poxtA, fexA, and cfr(D) genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from food-producing animals and meat in Korea, highlighting their role in phenicol-oxazolidinone resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identifies the poxtA gene as a determinant of resistance to phenicol, oxazolidinone, and tetracycline in enterococci, demonstrating its transferability through plasmid fusion events.

The study identified 16 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in silage samples, highlighting their potential to spread through the food chain and contribute to antimicrobial resistance.

PoxtA and OptrA confer resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones, but not tetracyclines. They alleviate linezolid-induced ribosomal stalling by interacting with the P-site tRNA and altering its conformation.

The study identified the presence of linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus isolates from cattle and pigs in Portugal, highlighting their potential role in antimicrobial resistance.

The paper reviews antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting the roles of various AMR genes such as aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, cfr, optrA, and poxtA in conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and oxazolidinones.

The study identified the persistence of transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes, particularly optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D), in enterococcal isolates from a swine farm in China. These genes were found to confer resistance to linezolid, tedizolid, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol.

The study identified the persistence of transferable oxazolidinone resistance genes, particularly optrA, poxtA, and cfr(D), in enterococcal isolates from a swine farm in China. These genes were found to confer resistance to linezolid, tedizolid, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol.

The study evaluated the accuracy of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for predicting antimicrobial resistance in enterococcal clinical isolates. It identified several AMR genes and mutations, including aac(6')-aph(2"), erm(B), erm(T), tet(L), tet(M), vanA, vanB, vanD, optrA, poxtA, and mutations in gyrA and parC, which were validated through genomic sequencing and phenotypic AST.

The study reports the first detection of an Enterococcus faecium carrying a double copy of the poxtA gene from a freshwater river in Italy, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer of oxazolidinone resistance in environmental settings.

The study identified the presence of oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA, poxtA, and cfr in Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Vagococcus lutrae isolates from raw meat-based diets for companion animals in Switzerland. These genes confer resistance to oxazolidinones, highlighting a public health concern regarding the potential spread of resistant bacteria from pets to humans.

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and cfrD genes in Enterococcus isolates from pigs, dogs, storks, and pig-farmers, indicating the presence of linezolid-resistant enterococci in various hosts, emphasizing the need for monitoring through a One-Health approach.

The study identified four acquired linezolid resistance genes (optrA, cfr, cfr(D), and poxtA2) in a linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate from chicken origin. These genes were located on both chromosomal and plasmid DNA, with cfr embedded in a novel pseudocompound transposon. The plasmids carrying these genes were capable of transferring between Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identifies the presence of vanA and vanB genes, along with poxtA, fexB, tet(M), and tet(L) in a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate, highlighting the coexistence of multiple resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies linezolid resistance genes (optrA, poxtA, cfr) and the G2576T mutation in 40% of linezolid-susceptible Enterococcus isolates, highlighting the potential for rapid resistance development under selective pressure.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in ESKAPE pathogens in China, highlighting the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) and the emergence of resistance mechanisms such as blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, rmtB, armA, fosA3, optrA, and poxtA.

The study identified the widespread distribution of linezolid resistance genes optrA, poxtA, cfr, and cfr(D) in various niches, including humans, animals, and the environment. These genes were found to confer resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin G.

The study identified optrA as the most common linezolid resistance mechanism in clinical enterococci in China, along with cfr(D) and poxtA. Mutations in rplC and rplD were also associated with linezolid resistance.

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and cfrD as key genes responsible for linezolid resistance in Enterococcus isolates from healthy hosts, highlighting zoonotic transmission between pigs and pig farmers.

The study identifies the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in the outbreak strain of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm). Additionally, the poxtA gene was found to confer linezolid resistance in VREfm isolates.

The study identifies optr A, poxt A, and cfr (D) genes as key determinants of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from Pakistan, along with G2576T mutations in the 23S rRNA gene.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Arctic haemolytic bacteria, including genes encoding efflux pumps and ribosomal protection proteins, indicating the presence of resistance mechanisms against various antibiotics.

Florfenicol administration in piglets leads to the selection of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those conferring resistance to phenicols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and oxazolidinones.

The study identifies linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus thailandicus isolates, along with a vancomycin-variable E. faecium strain. It also reveals the increasing prevalence of E. lactis in the healthy human gut and the complex interplay of bacteriocin gene profiles among Enterococcus species.

The study identifies optrA, poxtA, and specific 23S rRNA mutations (G2505A and G2576T) as key determinants of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates.

The study identifies the coexistence of poxtA (oxazolidinone resistance) and pbp5fm (beta-lactam resistance) genes in an Enterococcus hirae isolate, highlighting their potential for cross-genus dissemination via transposable elements.

The study identifies and characterizes various AMR genes and mutations associated with linezolid resistance in Enterococcus species, including cfr, optrA, poxtA, and specific 23S rRNA mutations.

The study identified optrA and poxtA as linezolid resistance genes in Enterococcus faecium isolates. Additionally, a novel variant of optrA (KLDK) and a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene (G2576T) were found to contribute to linezolid resistance. The co-existence of vanM and optrA was also noted in a linezolid-resistant isolate.