Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
small multidrug resistance protein
Overview
Structure of In31, a blaIMP-containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa integron phyletically related to In5, which carries an unusual array of gene cassettes.
The study characterizes the blaIMP gene, which encodes the IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, and identifies several other resistance genes including aacA4, catB6, and qacG, all of which were experimentally validated for their roles in antimicrobial resistance.
Widespread distribution of disinfectant resistance genes among staphylococci of bovine and caprine origin in Norway.
The study identifies the widespread distribution of QAC resistance genes (qacA/B, smr, qacG, and qacJ) among staphylococci from bovine and caprine sources in Norway, highlighting the role of plasmids in the dissemination of these resistance determinants.
Diversity and evolution of the small multidrug resistance protein family.
The study explores the diversity and evolution of the small multidrug resistance (SMR) protein family, identifying three subclasses (SMP, SUG, PSMR) and analyzing their distribution, selective pressures, and evolutionary relationships. Key findings include the identification of novel SMR members and their functional characteristics in resisting quaternary ammonium compounds.
Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria: an update.
The paper provides an updated overview of drug efflux pumps in bacteria, focusing on their structure, mechanisms, and roles in multidrug resistance. It highlights the importance of RND, MFS, MATE, SMR, and ABC transporters in efflux-mediated resistance.
Evaluation of reduced susceptibility to quaternary ammonium compounds and bisbiguanides in clinical isolates and laboratory-generated mutants of Staphylococcus aureus.
Detection of benzalkonium chloride resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci.
The study identified several qac genes (qacA/B, qacC, qacG, qacH, and qacJ) associated with benzalkonium chloride (BC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci.
Bacterial Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC) Disinfectants
The study identified several QAC resistance genes, including qacA, qacB, smr, qacG, qacH, and qacJ, which confer resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in Staphylococcus aureus. These genes were experimentally validated through PCR and MIC testing.
Frequency of antiseptic resistance genes in clinical staphycocci and enterococci isolates in Turkey.
The study identified the presence of antiseptic resistance genes qacA/B, smr, qacG, and qacJ in clinical staphylococcal isolates, with a high frequency of these genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci compared to Staphylococcus aureus. These genes were associated with increased MIC values for benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci of Animal Origin
The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.
Biocide-tolerance and antibiotic-resistance in community environments and risk of direct transfers to humans: Unintended consequences of community-wide surface disinfecting during COVID-19?
The paper discusses the mechanisms of biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, highlighting the role of mutations, horizontal gene transfer, efflux pumps, membrane alterations, and biofilms in developing resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. It emphasizes the risks posed by the extensive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance.
Characterization of Proteobacterial Plasmid Integron-Encoded qac Efflux Pump Sequence Diversity and Quaternary Ammonium Compound Antiseptic Selection in Escherichia coli Grown Planktonically and as Biofilms.
The study characterizes diverse qac efflux pump sequences from proteobacterial plasmids, highlighting their roles in conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and identifying distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles among different qac variants.
Environmental Surveillance and Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at Coastal Beaches and Rivers on the Island of Hawai'i.
The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from coastal beaches and rivers on the island of Hawai'i, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fresh Produce-Associated Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci in Oman.
The study identified the presence of qacEΔ1, qacE, qacG, and IntI 1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae, which are associated with chlorhexidine resistance. Enterococci showed resistance to several antibiotics, including erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and vancomycin.
Detection and Genomic Characterisation of Clostridioides difficile from Spinach Fields.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in C. difficile isolates from spinach and soil samples, including vanB, tet(M), ant(6)-Ia, qacG, cdeA, SAT-4, vanXY, vanR, D19aph(3')-III_1, tet(40), and CDD-1, indicating resistance to vancomycin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, disinfectants, fluoroquinolones, nucleosides, and beta-lactams.
Farming Practice Influences Antimicrobial Resistance Burden of Non-Aureus Staphylococci in Pig Husbandries.
The study found that organic and alternative pig farming practices are associated with reduced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) compared to conventional farming. Specific AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, blaPC1, and others were more prevalent in conventional farms, while organic farms showed lower levels of AMR genes for aminoglycosides, phenicols, and tetracyclines.
Sequencing and Characterization of M. morganii Strain UM869: A Comprehensive Comparative Genomic Analysis of Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Functional Pathways.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in M. morganii strain UM869, including KpnH, PBP3, rsmA, CRP, gyrB, and qacG, which confer resistance to various classes of antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, and macrolides.
Antiseptics and mupirocin resistance in clinical, environmental, and colonizing coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates.
The study identified several antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B, smr, qacG, qacH, qacJ), mupirocin resistance genes (mupA, mupB), and methicillin resistance gene (mecA) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates. High prevalence of antiseptic resistance was observed in CoNS isolates from healthcare workers, while antibiotic resistance was more prevalent in clinical infection samples.
Phylogenomics, phenotypic, and functional traits of five novel (Earth-derived) bacterial species isolated from the International Space Station and their prevalence in metagenomes.
Five novel bacterial species were isolated from the International Space Station (ISS) and characterized. These species, Arthrobacter burdickii, Leifsonia virtsii, Leifsonia williamsii, Paenibacillus vandeheii, and Sporosarcina highlanderae, were identified through phylogenomic, phenotypic, and functional analyses. Their genomes were sequenced, and they were distinguished from known species using ANI and dDDH values, as well as gyrB gene sequence similarities.
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic diversity among Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Rio de Janeiro.
The study identified 21 resistance determinants in MRSP and MSSP strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, including genes such as blaZ, sdrM, norA, fosB, ykkcd, sepA, aac(6')-aph(2''), dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), aad(6), tet(M), cat(pC221), qacG, tet(K), and qacJ, which confer resistance to various antimicrobials.
Complete genome sequence of Bordetella parapertussis strain 400431-b, isolated from a protracted course of whooping cough in Austria, 2023.
The study reports the complete genome sequence of Bordetella parapertussis strain 400431-b, highlighting the presence of the beta-lactamase gene blaBOR-1 and two efflux pump genes, adeF and qacG, which correlate with elevated MICs for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and clarithromycin compared to strain FR6242.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Resistome, Mobiloome, and Relatedness
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in CoNS isolates from various hosts, highlighting the spread of multidrug resistance and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance traits.
Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates collected from private and public health settings in South Africa.
The study identified a PnimB promoter mutation associated with reduced metronidazole susceptibility in ST1 strains, a Thr82Ile mutation in gyrA linked to fluoroquinolone resistance, and various efflux pump and resistance genes such as qacG, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ermB, tetM, and CDD-1/CDD-2. High multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in ST1 and ST37 strains.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface in East Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
The study identified key resistance genes including mecA, blaZ, tet(K), and erm(C) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from East Africa, highlighting the prevalence of methicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant strains.
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