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ribD

riboflavin biosynthesis protein

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to ribD

Browse AMR rules for ribD

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: acts as a functional analog of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
Validation Method: experimental validation through overexpression and resistance testing
Drug Classes: Para-aminosalicylic acid, Para-aminosalicyclic acid, Dapsone, Gentamicin, PAS
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium leprae, Escherichia coli
Geographic Location: Brazil|Mato Grosso, Egypt|France|Algeria|South Africa, Thailand
Papers: 12
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 11

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
G8R	-	single resistance variant	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Para-aminosalicyclic acidPara-aminosalicylic acid	Card DatabaseResFinder Database	Confirmed
T144I	-	-	Mycobacterium leprae	Dapsone	Reslit	Candidate
F208P	-	-

Papers12

1

para-Aminosalicylic acid is a prodrug targeting dihydrofolate reductase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 23779105 · 2013

PAS is a prodrug that targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Overexpression of dfrA and ribD confers resistance to PAS, and mutations in folC are associated with PAS resistance.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ribD
Allele: ribD
Encodes: riboflavin biosynthesis protein
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: acts as a functional analog of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: experimental validation through overexpression and resistance testing

2

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains isolated from bovine in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

PMID 36467663 · 2022

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains from Mato Grosso, Brazil, including resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ethionamide, fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, capreomycin, paraminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, bedaquiline, linezolid, and delamanid.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ribD
Allele: ribD
Encodes: paraminosalicylic acid resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Para-aminosalicylic acid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis
Geographic Location: Brazil|Mato Grosso
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Sequence Accession: SRR15649877|SRR15649878|SRR15649879|SRR15649880|SAMN21018175|SAMN21018176|SAMN21018177|SAMN21018178|JAIOHE000000000|JAIOHF000000000|JAIOHG000000000|JAIOHH000000000|ERR3445501|ERR3445502|ERR3445503|ERR3445504|SRR10997360|SRR10997362|SRR10997361|SRR13046675|SRR12511761|SRR9850830

3

Whole genome sequencing reveals candidate genes involving in PAS resistance in M. Tuberculosis isolated from patients in Thailand.

PMID 38057660 · 2024

The study identified mutations in thyA, thyX, folC, and ribD genes, along with intergenic regions, that contribute to PAS resistance in M. tuberculosis. These mutations were validated through complementation assays and MIC testing.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ribD
Allele: ribD
Encodes: ribonucleotide reductase
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutations in ribD confer resistance to PAS by altering the enzyme's function, reducing the effectiveness of PAS in inhibiting nucleotide synthesis.
Confers Resistance To: Para-aminosalicylic acid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Thailand
Validation Method: complementation assay and MIC testing
Sequence Accession: PRJNA390471

4

Genetic diversities and drug resistance in Mycobacterium bovis isolates from zoonotic tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing.

PMID 39487429 · 2024

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium bovis isolates, including resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, pyrazinamide, d-cycloserine, rifampin, delamanid, and para-aminosalicylic acid.

Gene Information

Gene Name: ribD
Allele: ribD
Encodes: riboflavin biosynthesis protein
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: para-aminosalicylic acid resistance
Confers Resistance To: Para-aminosalicylic acid
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium bovis
Geographic Location: Egypt|France|Algeria|South Africa
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and mutation analysis
Sequence Accession: SAMN37519983|SAMN37519961|SAMN37519964|SAMN38024412|SAMN37519969|PRJNA1019495