Browse AMR Genes

Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature

rpsA

ribosomal protein S1

NCBI Pathogen Isolates

Bacterial genomes carrying this gene

NCBI Reference Gene Catalog

Known alleles and reference sequences

Protein entries specific to rpsA

Browse AMR rules for rpsA

Validation StatusSupported

Overview

Mechanism: resistance to biocides
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and verification by PCR and sequencing
Drug Classes: Benzalkonium chloride, Pyrazinamide, Spectinomycin, Streptomycin
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis, Mycobacterium bovis, Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2, Helicobacter heilmannii
Geographic Location: Brazil|Mato Grosso, Eastern China, Egypt|France|Algeria|South Africa, Georgia|Moldova|Peru|South Africa|Viet Nam, Southern China
Papers: 25
Databases: Reslit
Mutations: 49

Mutations

Protein Change	Nucleotide Change	Mechanism	Organism	Resistance To	Database	Validation Status
R474W	-	-	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Pyrazinamide	ResFinder DatabaseReslit	Confirmed
E325K	-	single resistance variant	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Pyrazinamide	Card DatabaseReslit	Confirmed
A344P	-

Papers25

1

Subminimal inhibitory concentrations of the disinfectant benzalkonium chloride select for a tolerant subpopulation of Escherichia coli with inheritable characteristics.

PMID 22605968 · 2012

Exposure to sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of benzalkonium chloride selects for a tolerant subpopulation of E. coli, involving upregulation of the acrB efflux gene, downregulation of ompF, and a point mutation in rpsA.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: resistance to biocides
Confers Resistance To: Benzalkonium chloride
Organisms Tested In: • Escherichia coli
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and verification by PCR and sequencing
Sequence Accession: NCBI:CP003047|NCBI:CP003048|NCBI:CP003049

2

A Multinational Analysis of Mutations and Heterogeneity in PZase, RpsA, and PanD Associated with Pyrazinamide Resistance in M/XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 28630430 · 2017

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: 30S ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: heterogeneous non-synonymous mutations in the gene and/or its promoter
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing

3

Drug resistance gene mutations and treatment outcomes in MDR-TB: A prospective study in Eastern China.

PMID 33471794 · 2021

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in MDR-TB patients, highlighting the significance of pncA gene mutations in predicting poor treatment outcomes and their association with resistance to pyrazinamide, as well as other genes like rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA, and others linked to resistance against rifampin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolones.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: Resistance to pyrazinamide
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Eastern China
Validation Method: DNA sequencing

4

Overcoming the Challenges of Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing in Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates.

PMID 33972244 · 2021

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: mutational resistance
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing

5

Investigating resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates with genomic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a multicentre observational study.

PMID 35907429 · 2022

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, including rpoB, fabG1, inhA, ndh, katG, mshA, ahpC, gyrA, gyrB, rrs, eis, embCAB, pncA, and rpsA, which are associated with resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: Ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: chromosomal resistance
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Geographic Location: Georgia|Moldova|Peru|South Africa|Viet Nam
Validation Method: genomic resistance prediction based on mutation catalogue
Sequence Accession: PRJEB48275

6

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains isolated from bovine in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

PMID 36467663 · 2022

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains from Mato Grosso, Brazil, including resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ethionamide, fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, capreomycin, paraminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, bedaquiline, linezolid, and delamanid.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: pyrazinamide resistance
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis
Geographic Location: Brazil|Mato Grosso
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Sequence Accession: SRR15649877|SRR15649878|SRR15649879|SRR15649880|SAMN21018175|SAMN21018176|SAMN21018177|SAMN21018178|JAIOHE000000000|JAIOHF000000000|JAIOHG000000000|JAIOHH000000000|ERR3445501|ERR3445502|ERR3445503|ERR3445504|SRR10997360|SRR10997362|SRR10997361|SRR13046675|SRR12511761|SRR9850830

7

Selection of Multi-Drug Targets against Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR1219 Using the Hyperbolic Mapping of the Protein Interaction Network.

PMID 37762354 · 2023

The study identifies several drug targets (DTs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR1219 using hyperbolic mapping of the protein interaction network. Key DTs include rpsA, rpsL, embB, embA, fbiC, fbiB, rpoB, dnaK, rpoA, rpoC, rpoZ, ddl, alr, pbpB, rplD, rplC, rmlC, Isr2, tlyA, pknB, dprE1, fas, accD1, accE5, Rv0200, galE3, pks5, msl3, phoP, dacB2, pknI, echA19, ltp3, and Rv3520c, which are involved in various metabolic pathways and are targeted by different antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: ribosomal protein
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Validation Method: hyperbolic mapping of protein interaction network

8

Genetic diversities and drug resistance in Mycobacterium bovis isolates from zoonotic tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing.

PMID 39487429 · 2024

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium bovis isolates, including resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, fluoroquinolones, pyrazinamide, d-cycloserine, rifampin, delamanid, and para-aminosalicylic acid.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Mechanism: pyrazinamide resistance
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium bovis
Geographic Location: Egypt|France|Algeria|South Africa
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and mutation analysis
Sequence Accession: SAMN37519983|SAMN37519961|SAMN37519964|SAMN38024412|SAMN37519969|PRJNA1019495

9

Rationally designed pooled CRISPRi-seq uncovers an inhibitor of bacterial peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase.

PMID 39541213 · 2024

The study identifies peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) as a target of PHAR(A), a novel growth inhibitory compound. It also reveals that PHAR(A) affects translation-related genes such as rpsA, mnmA, pepP, and waaA.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: 30S ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Organisms Tested In: • Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2
Validation Method: CRISPRi-Seq and biochemical characterization

10

The epidemiology and gene mutation characteristics of pyrazinamide-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Southern China.

PMID 39745172 · 2025

The study identified pncA, rpsA, and panD mutations associated with pyrazinamide resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name: rpsA
Allele: rpsA
Encodes: ribosomal protein S1
Source Database: Reslit
Confers Resistance To: Pyrazinamide
Organisms Tested In: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Geographic Location: Southern China
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis