This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study reports the first identification of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) in a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Morganella morganii subsp. morganii, carrying resistance genes dfrA15, floR, tetA(G), blaCARB-2, and sul1, conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ticarcillin, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies Sat2 as a novel nourseothricin (NTC) resistance gene that enables efficient selection of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Sat2 confers resistance to NTC, allowing the survival of transgenic worms on NTC-containing plates.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain Ab33405, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, highlighting the genetic basis of its multidrug resistance.

The study shows that Acinetobacter baumannii A118 can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other species through natural transformation, leading to increased resistance to various antibiotics such as meropenem, imipenem, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study identifies multiple beta-lactamase genes, including blaTEM-1, blaADC-182, and blaOXA-253, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aph3 and aadB, which contribute to the multidrug resistance profile of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains in Brazil.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified 88 acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 166 Morganella isolates, with a focus on tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and beta-lactam resistance genes. Key ARGs included blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, aacA4, aadA5, dfrA17, catB3, arr-3, blaOXA-1, aacA4cr, mph(A), rmtB, sul2, floR, qnrS1, tetA, and ermB.

The study identified functional class 2 integrons in three Proteus mirabilis isolates, containing gene cassettes dfrA1-sat2-aadA1 and four novel open reading frames. The internal stop codons in intI2 genes were mutated, indicating functional intI2 genes.

The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla VIM-1 carbapenemase genes, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(6′)-If, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul2, sat2, qnrB, cmlA5, bla OXA-9, bla CMY-79, bla CMY-116, bla TEM-1A, bla CMY-117, bla OXA-10, bla CFE, bla CMY-100, aac(6′)-Ib, aadA2, sul1, qnrS1, qnrB9, mph(E), msr(E), aac(6′)-Iic, and dfrA16 in carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii isolates from hospital environments and municipal wastewater in Finland.

The study identified 25 different antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens, including tetB, blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, floR, sul2, sul3, dfrK, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3)-la, aph(3)-lb, aph(6)-ld, sat2, dfrA14, dfrA32, merC, merP, merR, merT, qacL, and cmlA1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pan-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others. These genes were found on the chromosome and contributed to the isolates' resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild animals, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-55, bla EC-1982), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aadA2, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetA), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance genes (mphB, lnuF, ermC, mefC), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrB5, qnrS1, qnrS2), and others. Additionally, point mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Shigella strains, including beta-lactamases, macrolide resistance genes, quinolone resistance genes, and chromosomal mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including fosA7.2, qnrB19, aadA1, floR, sat2, tet(B), and tet(A), in Salmonella enterica serotypes Agona, Braenderup, Muenchen, and Panama from Latin American surface waters, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance in these isolates.

The study identified dfrA12 and aadA2 genes in class I integrons, and dfrA1 and sat2 genes in class II integrons in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Shigella clones associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains.

The study compares the pangenome, mobile genetic elements, antimicrobial resistance, and defense systems of Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A, Typhi, and Typhimurium, revealing distinct profiles in their genomic structures and resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies Providencia lanzhouensis sp. nov., a novel species with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, sat2, sul2, ere(A), dfrA32, floR, tetC, and qnrD1, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, streptomycin, sulfonamides, macrolides, trimethoprim, phenicols, tetracyclines, and quinolones.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Paraguay, including blaOXA-23, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-65, blaADC-73, blaADC-5, blaTEM-1, and various aminoglycoside, macrolide, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes.