The study identifies a novel mobile genetic element, 15K, carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes including tet(O/W/32/O), erm(B), aadE, aphA, and tet(40), which can be transferred between major streptococcal pathogens.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study found that tetracycline resistance genes, particularly tet(Q) and tet(40), were significantly enriched in cattle fed chlortetracycline. β-lactam resistance genes such as bla_CFX-A6 and bla_ACI-1 were also identified, but no significant changes were observed in their relative abundances. Aminoglycoside resistance genes showed an increase despite no aminoglycoside administration.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the fecal microbiota of dairy calves, highlighting the association between diet and the resistome. Key genes include ermB, lnuC, mefA, tet32, tet40, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and optrA, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and tetracyclines, as well as oxazolidinones and phenicols.

Danofloxacin treatment altered the gut microbiota diversity and resistome profile in calves, increasing the frequency and host range of several antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) such as aac(6')-Ib, ant9, tet40, tetW, ermF, tetL, and tetX.

This study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Clostridioides difficile, including ermB, tetM, mefH, and various mutations in gyrA, gyrB, rpoB, pbp1, and pbp3. These findings highlight the widespread nature of AMR in C. difficile and its potential role in the spread of the bacterium.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs in Italy, including ermb, tet(O), aac6-aph2, ant6-ia, aph3-iiia, spw, tet(40), tet(W), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W/N/N), erm(47), lnuB, lsaE, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, lincomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified 1295 open reading frames recognized as antimicrobial resistance protein-coding genes in porcine gut microbiomes, highlighting tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance as predominant. Key ARGs like tet(W/N/W), APH(3')-IIIa, and ErmB were found to be highly prevalent and associated with resistance to specific antibiotics.

The study identified increased resistance gene burden in healthy volunteers after antibiotic treatment, particularly with cfxA, tetO, and tet40 genes associated with β-lactam and tetracycline resistance.

The study identifies that prior exposure to microcystin-LR alters the gut resistome, increasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes such as mefA, msrD, mel, tet40, and ant6, which are associated with resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified ermG as a gene that increased in abundance in the feces of treated pigs compared to those that did not receive post-PRRS antimicrobials, indicating its role in macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in C. difficile isolates from spinach and soil samples, including vanB, tet(M), ant(6)-Ia, qacG, cdeA, SAT-4, vanXY, vanR, D19aph(3')-III_1, tet(40), and CDD-1, indicating resistance to vancomycin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, disinfectants, fluoroquinolones, nucleosides, and beta-lactams.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure samples from a swine finishing facility, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics. Key genes included tet(M), lnuA, erm(35), aadS, mphB, dfrG, vga-type ABC-F, lsa-type ABC-F, msr-type ABC-F, optrA, and others, primarily found in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. These genes were associated with resistance mechanisms such as target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in C. difficile isolates from South American camelids in Germany, including bla_CDD-1, vanZ1, aadE, tet(M), tet(40), vanG, vanR, vanS, vanT, and mutations in gyrA and gyrB associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig manure samples from different regions of Shanxi, China, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. Key ARGs included tet(W), tet(40), tet(Q), erm(B), erm(F), mef(A), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, cfr(C), floR, blaACI-1, optrA, cat, cfxA4, cfxA5, blaCTX-M-105, blaCTX-M-65, fexB, erm(T), mdf(A), and ole(B).

Cefquinome treatment led to a significant increase in several antimicrobial resistance genes, including tetQ, mel, ErmF, CfxA6, lsaB, and tet(40), whereas ceftiofur primarily increased tetQ and tet(40). The resistome returned to baseline levels within 21 days post-treatment.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in C. difficile isolates from environmental sources, including gyrA, gyrB, blaCDD-1, blaCDD-2, tet(M), tet(40), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-la, sat-4, and ermB, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and MLS B antibiotics.

The study analyzed the impact of various antibiotic treatments on the gut microbiome of Balb/c mice, identifying several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that were upregulated following treatment. Key findings include the identification of genes such as ugd, vanYG1, tet44, rpoB2, rpoB, lsaB, and acrB, which showed increased relative abundance after antibiotic exposure.

The study found that Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extract (NCLE) reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in cecal contents of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced broilers by maintaining microbial balance.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rumen of goat kids, highlighting the dynamic nature of the resistome influenced by age and diet. Key ARGs included RPOB, GYRA, GYRBA, ROB, MDTF, ACRF, ACRB, MGTA, MLS23S, TUFAB, TET44, TET32, APH2-DPRIME, SAT, BRO, TETQ, ERMF, NIMJ, ACI, MEFA, RRSC, RRSH, CAP16S, TETX, LNUC, TETW, TETO, and TET40, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as drugs, MLS, tetracyclines, and others.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(O) and tet(40), and the erythromycin resistance gene ermB in Roseburia intestinalis isolates.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(O) and tet(40), as well as the MLS B resistance gene erm(B) in S. suis serotype 14 strains, highlighting their significant antimicrobial resistance profiles.

The study identified several tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of gilts, with no significant increases in ARG abundance following exposure to semen extenders containing antibiotics.

The study identified 29 ARG subtypes across eight types in 13 known, five unknown, and 18 unclassified species, highlighting the complex and dynamic nature of antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome. Notably, the cfr(C) gene was detected in 11 bacterial species following antimicrobial treatment, with mutation patterns characterized in several species.