The study identifies two novel antibiotic resistance genes, tet(44) and ant(6)-Ib, located within a transferable pathogenicity island in Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. These genes confer resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and streptomycin.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies specific AMR genes, including beta-lactamase genes (cepA, bl2e_cepA) and tetracycline resistance genes (tet32, tet44, tetW), that are upregulated in response to amoxicillin and doxycycline treatments in the murine gut microbiota.

The study identified various tetracycline resistance genes including tet(W), tet(Q), tet(32), tet(O), tet(44), tetA(P), and tetB(P) in chicken gut microbiota commensals, highlighting their distribution across different bacterial families.

Nine Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from Korean patients were analyzed, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance genes including those conferring resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines.

This study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Clostridioides difficile, including ermB, tetM, mefH, and various mutations in gyrA, gyrB, rpoB, pbp1, and pbp3. These findings highlight the widespread nature of AMR in C. difficile and its potential role in the spread of the bacterium.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter fetus, including ant(6)-Ib, aph(3')-III, tet(O), tet(44), and cat, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. Mutations in the gyrA gene were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Clostridium perfringens isolates from China, including mprF, tetA(P), tetB(P), ErmQ, LnuP, AAC(6′)-Ie-APH(2″)-Ia, ANT(6)-Ib, tet44, and ErmB, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry with necrotic enteritis, including tetA, tetB, tet44, InuP, erm(T), and ant(6)-Ib. The erm(T) gene was reported for the first time in C. perfringens and conferred resistance to erythromycin.

The study found that Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extract (NCLE) reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in cecal contents of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced broilers by maintaining microbial balance.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rumen of goat kids, highlighting the dynamic nature of the resistome influenced by age and diet. Key ARGs included RPOB, GYRA, GYRBA, ROB, MDTF, ACRF, ACRB, MGTA, MLS23S, TUFAB, TET44, TET32, APH2-DPRIME, SAT, BRO, TETQ, ERMF, NIMJ, ACI, MEFA, RRSC, RRSH, CAP16S, TETX, LNUC, TETW, TETO, and TET40, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as drugs, MLS, tetracyclines, and others.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Rothia nasimurium Y1, including vanA, vanC, vanB, vanE, vanD, vanG, vanF, vanM, vanL, vanO, vanN, mtrA, vanRA, arlR, vanRI, vanRB, vanRC, vanRD, vanRF, vanRG, CpxR, kdpE, vanRM, vanRN, baeR, adeR, vanRL, smeR, gyrA, gyrB, parC, Mfd, mfd, PBP2, PBP2x, EF-Tu, dfrE, pncA, tetB(P), tetQ, tet44, tetT, tetW, tetS, tetM, tetO, otr(A), tet36, tet32, clbC, clbB, clbA, cipA, cfrA, cfrC, sul3, ParY, murA, cls, and ileS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as glycopeptides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, phenicols, macrolides, and others.

The study identified five AMR genes in Campylobacter fetus, including tet(O), tet(44), ant(6)-Ib, aph(3′)-III, and lnu(C), which confer resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin, amikacin, and lincomycin. These genes were detected in human and animal isolates from various geographic regions.

The study identified several tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of gilts, with no significant increases in ARG abundance following exposure to semen extenders containing antibiotics.

The study identified 29 ARG subtypes across eight types in 13 known, five unknown, and 18 unclassified species, highlighting the complex and dynamic nature of antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome. Notably, the cfr(C) gene was detected in 11 bacterial species following antimicrobial treatment, with mutation patterns characterized in several species.