tet(M)

ribosomal protection protein

Overview

Drug Classes
tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, tetracyclines
Organisms
Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Campylobacter jejuni +20 more
Alleles
2
Papers
9
Allele Variants2
AllelePapersDrug ClassesOrganismsCountriesYearsStatus
Tet(M)7tetracycline, tetracyclinesStreptococcus agalactiae +19Italy, Europe, Asia|Australasia1992, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006Not Validated
tetM2tetracycline, minocycline +1Mycoplasma hominis +4Europe|North America|Asia2001, 2023Not Validated
Papers9
1

Molecular ecology of tetracycline resistance: development and validation of primers for detection of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins.

PMID 11133424 · 2001

The study identified and characterized multiple tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) including tet(M), tet(O), tet(W), tet(Q), tet(S), tet(T), tetB(P), and otrA. These genes were detected in various bacterial species and environments, highlighting their prevalence and potential for horizontal gene transfer.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
ribosomal protection protein
Validation Method
PCR and sequencing

Confers Resistance To

tetracycline

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium perfringens
Bacteroides fragilis
Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
Prevotella ruminicola
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Lactococcus lactis
Listeria monocytogenes
Escherichia coli
Streptomyces lividans
Streptomyces rimosus
2

Susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis, M. pneumoniae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum to GAR-936, dalfopristin, dirithromycin, evernimicin, gatifloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and telithromycin compared to their susceptibilities to reference macrolides, tetracyclines, and quinolones.

PMID 11502536 · 2001

The study identified the tetM gene as responsible for tetracycline resistance in Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
tetM
Encodes
tetracycline resistance determinant
Validation Method
determined by agar dilution

Confers Resistance To

tetracyclineminocycline

Organisms Tested In

Mycoplasma hominis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
3

Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Detection Techniques

PMID 11585788 · 2023

The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
tetM
Encodes
ribosomal protection protein
Validation Method
PCR and sequencing

Mechanism

ribosomal protection

Confers Resistance To

tetracyclinedoxycyclineminocycline

Organisms Tested In

Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecium

Isolation Details

Country
Europe|North America|Asia
4

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of tetracycline- and erythromycin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 12821474 · 2003

The study identified tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), and mef(E) as the primary genes responsible for tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
tetracycline resistance protein
Validation Method
PCR and MIC testing

Mechanism

ribosomal protection

Confers Resistance To

tetracycline

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Isolation Details

Country
Italy
5

Characterization of the tet(M) determinant of Tn916: evidence for regulation by transcription attenuation.

PMID 1323953 · 1992

The study characterizes the tet(M) determinant of Tn916, identifying it as a tetracycline resistance gene regulated by transcriptional attenuation.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
tetracycline resistance protein
Validation Method
nucleotide sequencing and transcription analysis

Confers Resistance To

tetracycline

Organisms Tested In

Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli
6

Prevalence and molecular characterization of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from food.

PMID 15006778 · 2004

The study identified tet(M), tet(L), and tet(S) genes as the primary tetracycline resistance mechanisms in Enterococcus isolates from food, with tet(M) being the most prevalent.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
ribosomal protection protein
Validation Method
PCR detection and MIC testing

Confers Resistance To

tetracycline

Organisms Tested In

Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus durans
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus casseliflavus
Enterococcus gallinarum

Isolation Details

Country
Europe
7

Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in genotypically related and unrelated multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from different European hospitals.

PMID 15808938 · 2005

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M) as tetracycline resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains, with tet(B) additionally conferring resistance to minocycline. The efflux gene adeB was present in all strains regardless of tet gene status.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
ribosomal protection protein
Validation Method
PCR detection and MIC testing

Mechanism

tetracycline resistance

Confers Resistance To

tetracycline

Organisms Tested In

Acinetobacter baumannii

Isolation Details

Country
Europe
8

Molecular characterization of pneumococci with efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance and identification of a novel mef gene subclass, mef(I).

PMID 16304164 · 2005

The study identified a novel mef gene subclass, mef(I), in pneumococci with efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance. It also characterized the presence of tet(M) and tet(O) genes contributing to tetracycline resistance in certain isolates.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
tetracycline resistance protein
Validation Method
PCR and sequencing

Confers Resistance To

tetracycline

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Isolation Details

Country
Italy
9

Simultaneous detection of nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae using multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay.

PMID 16377687 · 2006

The study developed a multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay to detect nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae, including erm(B), erm(A/TR), mef(A/E), tet(M), tet(O), aphA-3, aad-6, int-Tn, and mreA. These genes were found to be associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

Gene Information

Gene Name
tet(M)
Allele
Tet(M)
Encodes
ribosomal protection protein
Validation Method
multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay

Confers Resistance To

tetracyclines

Organisms Tested In

Streptococcus agalactiae

Isolation Details

Country
Asia|Australasia
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