The study characterizes the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of TBG-MINO, a novel glycylcycline, against various tetracycline-resistant strains, including those with tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(K), and tet(M) resistance determinants.

The study identifies the presence of a class I integron with the aadA1 gene cassette and an SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from Laos, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics including streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study reports the complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid, pC15-1a, which harbors the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, along with other resistance genes such as blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, and tetA. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains associated with an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates causing traveler's diarrhea, including blaTEM, blaOXA-1, tetA, tetB, tetG, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, floR, cmlA, and a mutation in the gyrA gene. These genes and mutations contribute to resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and quinolones.

The study identified the deletion of the tetracycline-resistance operon (tetA and tetR) in E. coli K12(pB10) as the cause of tetracycline sensitivity, demonstrating that this deletion occurred through recombination between direct repeats on the plasmid.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from cats, including blaTEM, cat, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA1, which confer resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study describes a tetracycline-inducible gene regulation system in mycobacteria using the tetRO region from Corynebacterium glutamicum's TetZ determinant. This system allows for controlled gene expression in both fast-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria, including M. smegmatis, M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M) as tetracycline resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains, with tet(B) additionally conferring resistance to minocycline. The efflux gene adeB was present in all strains regardless of tet gene status.

The study developed and validated real-time PCR assays to quantify ten major classes of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in microbiome samples, revealing significant differences in tet gene abundance between bovine and swine manures, with swine manures showing higher levels. Composting significantly reduced tet gene abundance.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C), tet(33)) and gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA9, aadA11, dfrA1, dfrB2a) associated with class 1 integrons in various bacterial species isolated from pigsties and manured soil.

The study identified tet(A) and tet(B) genes as the primary tetracycline resistance mechanisms in commensal E. coli strains from Swedish infants, highlighting their prevalence and association with other antibiotic resistances.

The study identifies numerous resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of its resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella Newport isolates, including bla CMY-2, flo st, strA, strB, sulII, tetA, and aphA-1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, kanamycin, and neomycin.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli isolates in children from Peru and Bolivia, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA8, sul1, sul2, and catI.

The study identifies the spread of Escherichia coli strains with high-level resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, primarily due to the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) such as CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-32. Additionally, other resistance genes like tetA, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aac(6')Ib, and aac(3)IIb were found to contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified tetE as the predominant tetracycline resistance gene in Aeromonas veronii isolates from catfish, followed by tetB, tetA, tetC, and tetD.

The study identified tet(B) and tet(A) as the primary tetracycline resistance determinants in tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from dairy cattle.

The study identified various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from a remote community with minimal antibiotic exposure, including blaTEM, catI, cmlA6, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aphA1, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, and sat-1. These genes were found to be similar to those seen in antibiotic-exposed settings, indicating the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from such environments.

The study found that high concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) selected for increased tetracycline resistance in aerobic bacterial populations, with a greater diversity of tet resistance genes detected in the high-CTC chemostat compared to low-CTC and control chemostats.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA, tet(A), tet(B), sulI, sulII, and floR, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified tetA and tetE tetracycline resistance genes in Aeromonas strains from Brazil, demonstrating their role in plasmid and chromosomal resistance. The plasmid pSS2 was shown to carry the tetA gene and contribute to tetracycline resistance.

The study characterizes multiple-drug resistance plasmids from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, identifying genes conferring resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance genes carried by an IncA/C plasmid in Atlantic Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, including aadA7, floR, tetA, sulII, strA, strB, blaCMY-2, and a mercury resistance operon.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from humans and swine, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between the two hosts. Key genes included beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, aadA), tetracycline resistance (tet(A)), quinolone resistance (qnrS1), macrolide resistance (erm(B)), and efflux pumps (mexAB-OprM).

The study identified the bla_cmy-2 gene as a major contributor to extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates, with the gene also found in E. coli isolates. The gene was located on high-molecular-weight plasmids and contributed to multidrug resistance.

The study identified bla TEM1, tet (A), and sul2 as prevalent resistance genes in commensal E. coli from beef cattle, highlighting the impact of antimicrobial use on resistance dissemination.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a commercial beef processing plant, including beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY, blaSHV, blaTEM), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB).

The paper provides an updated overview of drug efflux pumps in bacteria, focusing on their structure, mechanisms, and roles in multidrug resistance. It highlights the importance of RND, MFS, MATE, SMR, and ABC transporters in efflux-mediated resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaTEM1, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2, in Escherichia coli from cattle fecal deposits. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs, including blaTEM, catA1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA, strA/strB, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, and sul3. These genes conferred resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. However, the presence of these resistance genes did not provide a significant colonization advantage or disadvantage in the pig intestine.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, including tetA, tetR, strA, strB, sulII, and catA3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042, including cat, tetA, aadA1, suI, and emrE, which contribute to resistance against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamide, and ethidium bromide.

Two E. coli isolates from Galápagos land iguanas were found to carry acquired resistance genes, including tet(B), aadB, aacA4, cat1, tet(A), blaTEM, and sul1, indicating human-related contamination in a remote ecosystem.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(W), tet(C), tet(J), tet(L), tet(D), tet(Y), and tet(K)) in environmental bacteria from an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river, highlighting the widespread dissemination of these genes in aquatic environments exposed to high levels of antibiotic residues.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater effluents, including dfrA1, dfr18, floR, sul2, strB, and tetA, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in the plasmid of the adherent-invasive E. coli strain NRG857c, including blaTEM, tetC, tetA, catI, dhfrI, sulII, and sulI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides.

The study characterizes several efflux pumps in Acinetobacter spp., including AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeFGH, CraA, AmvA, AbeM, AbeS, AdeXYZ, AdeDE, TetA, TetB, CmlA, FloR, and QacE, which contribute to multidrug resistance by expelling antibiotics and other compounds.

The study investigates the dynamics of the tetracycline operon, focusing on the genes tetR and tetA, which encode the repressor protein TetR and the transport protein TetA, respectively. These genes are crucial for tetracycline resistance in bacteria.

The study identified tetA and tetE genes as the primary determinants of tetracycline resistance in Korean Aeromonas salmonicida isolates, along with point mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Korea, including bla PSE, bla TEM, cat1, cat2, floR, strA, strB, aadA, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetC, and tetG.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tet(B) and the ampicillin resistance gene tem1-like in Escherichia coli isolates from feedlot cattle. These genes were found to confer resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, respectively.

The study characterizes various AbaR genomic resistance islands in Acinetobacter baumannii strains of European clone I, identifying multiple AMR genes such as blaTEM-1, aacC1, aadA1, aacA4, dfrA1, catA1, sul1, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06, including bla oxa-23, armA, and various efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies the emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type (PST6) associated with multiple drug-resistant typhoid. Key resistance genes include blaTEM-1, cat, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, strAB, tetA, tetD, and betU, which contribute to resistance against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and high salt environments.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from animals, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M-2, bla CMY-2, strA-strB, aadA, aphA1, aadB, cat, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Irish cattle farms, including strA-strB, aphA1, aadA, aadB, blaTEM, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study shows that the plasmidic qnrA3 gene enhances the fitness of Escherichia coli in the absence of antibiotic exposure, indicating a potential regulatory role of qnr genes beyond direct antibiotic resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia, including blaTEM, aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA-strB, cmlA, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

The study identified various genomic islands (GIs) in enterobacteria, including those carrying antibiotic resistance genes such as beta-lactamase (bla), tetracycline efflux protein (tet), and mercury resistance operon (mer). These GIs were found to be horizontally transferred and contributed to the virulence and resistance profiles of the strains analyzed.

The study characterizes multiple AMR genes and mutations in Acinetobacter spp., including OXA-type carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, highlighting the increasing challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections.

The study characterizes several tetracycline resistance genes, including tet(M), tet(K), tet(B), tet(A), and tet(X), demonstrating their roles in conferring resistance to tetracycline and related antibiotics.

The study characterizes the resistance genes dfr16, sul1, and tetA in the pRAS1 plasmid of Aeromonas hydrophila, showing their role in resistance to trimethoprim, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identified the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes such as bla CMY-2, tet(A), and tet(B) in Escherichia coli isolates from raccoons in Southern Ontario, Canada. These genes confer resistance to ceftiofur and tetracycline.

The study characterizes the tetA gene, which encodes a membrane-targeted antiporter protein responsible for tetracycline efflux in Escherichia coli, demonstrating its role in tetracycline resistance through experimental validation.

The study identified the presence of tetA and tetB genes in food-borne Bacillus cereus isolates, indicating plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance and potential horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella plasmids, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX, bla CMY, bla TEM), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and genes conferring resistance to heavy metals and disinfectants (sugE, arsR, cusR, silE, qacH).

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria that are identical to those found in human pathogens, highlighting the exchange of resistance genes between environmental and clinical microbes.

The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the multidrug-resistant plasmid pR148 from Aeromonas hydrophila, including blaOXA-10, aadA1, sul1, catA2, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines, respectively.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in plasmids from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla CMY, aadA, aadB, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, floR, cmlA, dfrA1, dfrA12, and aacC.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from both US and Afghanistan-based military personnel.

The study identified the blaCTX-M-15 gene, aadA1, tetA, and dfrA1 as resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains during an outbreak. Additionally, quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I, E84V) were detected.

The study describes a method to alter the selectable marker of cloning vectors by inserting different resistance genes, allowing the replacement of ampicillin resistance with tetracycline or kanamycin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aadA1, floR, dfrA14, sulI, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in Iran. These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, respectively. Additionally, a single mutation in the gyrA gene was found to confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla SHV-12 as the predominant ESBL genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Antananarivo, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, tetA, sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrB, and catB-3.

The study identifies the blaNDM-1 gene on plasmid pKPX-1 as a key factor in carbapenem resistance in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. It also characterizes additional resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-I, strB, qnrB, tetA, catA1, and catB4, which contribute to resistance against aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified the emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolates carrying blaTEM-52, blaTEM-20, blaCTX-M-25, and blaCMY-2 genes, which confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and other beta-lactams. Additionally, non-beta-lactam resistance genes such as aadA1, sul1, tet(A), and aphA1-Iab were prevalent.

The study identified tet(A) and tet(B) efflux genes in Escherichia coli isolates from chicken colons, which confer resistance to tetracycline.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in soil and on vegetables, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and beta-lactams. The presence of these genes was influenced by manure fertilization, with certain genes more frequently detected in manured soils.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996, including beta-lactamases, tetracycline efflux proteins, and macrolide resistance genes, indicating its resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, blaTEM-1, and qacEAI, associated with resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, ampicillin, and quaternary ammonium compounds, respectively. A mutation in the gyrA gene (Ser83Phe) was linked to resistance to nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin.

The study identified several AMR genes including blaTEM-1, aac(6')-Ib, and tet(A) in multidrug-resistant Shigella species isolated from shigellosis cases in India.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from military treatment facilities, including bla OXA-51-like, bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, aac(6')-Ib, aacC1, aadB, aphA6, and others, highlighting the complex resistome of these isolates.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 as key resistance genes in E. coli isolates from feedlot cattle, with bla CMY-2 associated with high multidrug resistance. CTC treatment influenced the selection of tetracycline resistance genes, favoring tet(B) over tet(A).

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tetA in two Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, EW32 and EW33, which exhibited resistance to tetracycline. The gene was found on conjugative plasmids, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains, including aac(3)-IV, bla TEM-1, cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, strA, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identified multiple AMR genes including blaTEM, floR, tetA, strA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Indiana and Enteritidis from chickens in Eastern China.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetC, and tetG) in activated sludge exposed to tetracycline, highlighting their increased abundance and diversity under tetracycline stress. It also reveals the presence of novel tetracycline-resistant bacteria genera.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in Iran, including aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, dfrA1, tetA, and tetB, which confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including sul1, tet(A), strA, aadA, cat, tet(G), and sul2 in the microbiota of ornamental fish carriage water. These genes were found to be prevalent and associated with various bacterial families.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, including blaTEM-1, catA, sul1, sul2, dfrA15, aadA1, strA, strB, and intI1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, and others.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes aadA, tetA, and bla in E. coli isolates from the Kat River and Fort Beaufort abstraction water, indicating resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes in ExPEC E. coli strains, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, aadA), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A)), macrolide resistance genes (mph(A), erm(B), mef(A)), and others. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies the presence of class 1 integrons and bla CTX-M-15 genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy individuals in Chandigarh, India. It also detects several gene cassettes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, streptothricin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various tetracycline, sulfonamide, and beta-lactam resistance genes in goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces and meat products, highlighting the prevalence of tet genes and their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified the presence of tet(O) and tet(A) genes in Campylobacter isolates from poultry carcasses in Iran, highlighting the high prevalence of tetracycline resistance in these isolates.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli from dairy and beef cattle, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA1, tetA, tetB, and tetC. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Dairy cattle isolates showed higher resistance rates compared to beef cattle.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), tet(M), and tet(S) in bacterial isolates from Iranian fish farms, with tet(S) being the most prevalent.

The study identified IncP-1ε plasmids carrying genes such as tet(A), sul1, qacEΔ1, intI1, and aadA1, which confer resistance to tetracycline, sulfadiazine, quaternary ammonium compounds, and streptomycin.

The study reports the identification of blaNDM-5 along with multiple other antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate, highlighting the complex resistance profile of the strain.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes on the IncF plasmid pEC958 from E. coli ST131, including blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, catB4, mph(A), dfrA17, aadA5, sulI, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(A), aphA1, blaTEM, and floR, which were transduced by phages isolated from chicken meat, highlighting the role of bacteriophages in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified blaCTX-M-1, qnrB1, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in avian ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Tunisia, highlighting their role in resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, and sulfonamides.

The study reports the complete genome sequence of ER2796, a DNA methyltransferase-deficient strain of Escherichia coli K-12. The strain lacks native DNA methylation due to the inactivation of three endogenous methyltransferases (dam, dcm, and hsdM). Additionally, the yhdJ gene was permanently inactivated in the derivative strain ER3413.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C) as the predominant tetracycline resistance genes in E. coli isolates from beef cattle, with tet(B) showing higher MIC values compared to tet(A).

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified the prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes, particularly tet(A), among multi-drug resistant bacteria in water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in swine fecal samples using qPCR, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W)), erythromycin resistance genes (ermB, ermF), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV family), and glycopeptide resistance gene (vanA).

The study identified several AMR genes in ETEC isolates from Peruvian children, including bla TEM-like for ampicillin resistance, sul2 for sulfamethoxazole resistance, tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, and mph(A) for azithromycin resistance.

The study characterizes three qnrS1-harbouring multidrug-resistance plasmids and identifies qnrS1-containing transposons circulating in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It reveals that qnrS1 is part of a transposon structure that includes additional resistance genes such as blaLAP-2, aacC3, sulII, tetR, tetA, and blaCTX-M-14.

The study identified several AMR genes in Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates, including blaBOR-1, blaOXA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identifies tetA, tetB, intl1, and qnrB as genes associated with antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, highlighting their roles in tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolates from water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria, including tet(A), sul1, blaTEM, aph(3")c, and ant(3")b.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of an E. coli strain carrying 12 acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance, trimethoprim resistance, tetracycline resistance, and streptothricin resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 isolates from dairy cattle farms in South Africa, including blaampC, blacmy, blactxm, blatem, tetA, and strA.

The study identified two types of plasmids harboring qnr genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from municipal wastewater biosolids. One plasmid, pKPSH-11XL, was a large multidrug-resistant IncF plasmid containing qnrB, beta-lactamase genes, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and chloramphenicol resistance genes. Another group of smaller plasmids contained qnrS and other resistance genes.

The study identifies the emergence of a multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella Infantis clone transmitting from broilers and broiler meat to humans in Italy, harboring the bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-65 genes, along with resistance genes tet(A), sul1, dfrA1, and dfrA14.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wastewater effluents, including strA, aadA, catI, cmlA1, blaTEM, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetK, tetM). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline.

The study identified blaOXA-23 and blaAmpC genes contributing to carbapenem and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and mutations in pmrA, pmrB, lpxD, lpxC, and lpsB genes linked to polymyxin resistance in A. baumannii AC30.

The study shows that sub-inhibitory levels of tetracyclines can potentiate selection for or against tetracycline resistance in the presence of various stresses. It highlights the role of the TetA efflux pump in mediating tetracycline resistance and how environmental factors influence the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several plasmid-mediated resistance genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, qnrD, oqx A, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, tet(A), tet(K), tet(L), and tet(S). These genes were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and tetracyclines.

The study characterizes the tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetR in Escherichia coli, demonstrating their expression is regulated by tetracycline concentration and growth phase.

The study found that ESBL-plasmid carriage does not reduce fitness but enhances virulence in some strains of pandemic E. coli lineages. It identified several AMR genes on the ESBL-plasmids, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-14), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aac(6')-Ib-cr), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB4), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), streptomycin resistance genes (strA, strB), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dhfrVII, dfrA17), and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph(3')-Ia). Non-antibiotic resistance genes such as finO, traT, icc, yfaX, yihA, and hha were also identified.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Portuguese poultry, including tet(A), blaTEM, sul1, and blaCTX-M. High levels of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and cefotaxime were observed.

The paper discusses the role of multidrug efflux pumps in microaerobic and anaerobic bacteria, highlighting their importance in antibiotic resistance. Several efflux systems were identified and characterized, including CmeABC, CmeDEF, CmeG, NhaA1/NhaA2, HefABC, HefDEF, HefGHI, NorB, BmeABC1-16, BexA, MdtEF, CusCBA, AcrAB, TolC, TetA, XepCAB, and bcRABD, each contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M, tet(A), and tet(B), carried by IncF plasmids in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Tanzanian water sources. These genes contribute to resistance against ampicillin, ceftazidime, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in IncHI1 plasmids of Salmonella Typhimurium, including tet(B), tet(A), blaTEM, strA, strB, sul2, aadA, dfrA, catA1, aphA1a, and aad(3)IId, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study characterizes the tetracycline resistance gene tetA, which is stochastically expressed in E. coli populations, leading to resistance emergence under fluctuating antibiotic stress.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including ampC, tet(A), and mecA, in water samples from a First Nations community in Canada, highlighting concerns about water quality and potential health risks.

The study identified the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from commercial chickens and human clinical samples in South Africa and Brazil. Key resistance genes included pse-1 (ampicillin), ant (3")-la (gentamicin), tet A and tet B (tetracycline), and sul 1 and sul 2 (sulfamethoxazole).

The study presents SSTAR, a software tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes from whole-genome sequencing data. It detects known AR genes and potential new variants, including truncated forms. The tool was applied to analyze resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 and Escherichia coli ST44, revealing various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and porin mutations contributing to resistance.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study presents a real-time analysis framework for MinION sequencing data, demonstrating the ability to identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes within a few hours of sequencing. Key resistance genes identified include blaSHV, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXA, aac3, aac6, blaCMY, blaCFE, blaLAT, blaBIL, QnrB, aadA, oqxA, tetA, oqxB, rmtC, sul1, sul3, fosA, blaNDM, oqxA, blaSHV, oqxB, aadB, sul1, sul3, blaOXA, blaOKP, fosA, blaSHV, blaOKP, blaLEN, oqxA, and oqxB.

The complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. VT 712 reveals several antibiotic resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanZ, vanB, vanW), tetracycline (tet(A)), fosfomycin (fosB), multidrug resistance efflux pumps (including acrB), beta-lactamases, and the quaternary ammonium compound resistance protein sugE.

High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were observed in Campylobacter isolates from Kenyan chicken, with specific genes (gyrA, tet(O), and tet(A)) identified as contributing to resistance.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the acquisition of multidrug resistance and fitness-related genes.

The study reports the identification of several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Bardo strain, including strA, strB, cmy-94, floR, sulII, tet(A), and aac6-Iy.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle and their attendants in Tanzania, including blaTEM-1B, sul1, sul2, and tet(A). These genes conferred resistance to beta-lactams, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study found that menthol supplementation in feedlot cattle diets increased the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates. Specifically, 56.9% of isolates from the menthol group were resistant to tetracycline compared to 32.7% in the control group. The study also identified the presence of tetA and tetB genes in the resistant isolates.

The study identified beta-lactam resistance gene bla CMY and tetracycline resistance genes tet (A) and tet (B) in multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella isolates.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae panel strains, including beta-lactamases (bla SHV-11, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M15, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-187, bla SHV-158, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB66, qnrB4, oqxA, oqxB), tetracycline resistance (tet(A)), trimethoprim resistance (dfrA14), sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), and porin genes (OmpK35, OmpK36).

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from healthy pet cats, including tetB, tetA, aadA, sulI, qnrS, and dhfrV, with varying prevalence rates. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt, including blaTEM, aadA2, floR, cat1, sul1, sul3, tetC, tetA, and intI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus-like isolates from cattle carrying the blaOXA-23 gene, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, strA/B, aph(3')-Ic, sul2, floR, tet(A), tet(Y), aadA1, aadB, sul1, and tet(X).

The study identifies specific outer membrane protein patterns associated with antibiotic resistance in Edwardsiella tarda, highlighting the role of plasmid-encoded genes such as tetA, tetR, and catA in mediating resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and mutations in gyrB contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified and quantified the presence of tet(A) and tet(B) genes in conventional and organic baby foods, indicating the widespread distribution of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in both types of products.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from Saudi Arabia, including carb-like, dfrA1, floR, tetA, and mutations in gyrA and parC genes associated with resistance to beta-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones.

The study demonstrates the use of C(60)-ToF-SIMS for visualizing the subcellular localization of antibiotics in single E. coli cells, showing that tetracycline (TET) and ampicillin (AMP) accumulate within the cells. The presence of the tetracycline resistance gene tetA was shown to significantly reduce TET accumulation in E. coli.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle and humans in New York and Washington States, highlighting the role of geographic and source-specific factors in AMR dissemination.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified a few antibiotic-resistant E. coli clones in Zimbabwean cows, including resistance to tetracycline, penicillins, and trimethoprim, but these were rare and subdominant.

The study identified various AMR genes including dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, tetA, aacC1, TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA, NDM-1, IMP, VIM, ACT, DHA, and CMY in E. coli isolates from children in Delhi, India. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, gentamicin, and various beta-lactams.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from North Carolina community hospitals, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified four tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(L), tet(M), and tet(S)) in cheese bacteria using functional metagenomics.

The study identified blaCTX-M, blaTEM, tetA, and tetB genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitis in cattle in West Bengal, indicating the presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes (tetA-C, tetE, tetG, and tetH) in viromes and microbiomes of the Lambro River, demonstrating their mobilization in response to tetracycline exposure.

The study characterizes the genome of Arcobacter thereius, identifying metabolic pathways and potential antibiotic resistance mechanisms. No specific AMR genes were experimentally validated in this study.

The study characterizes the genome of Arcobacter thereius, identifying metabolic pathways and potential antibiotic resistance mechanisms. No specific AMR genes were experimentally validated in this study.

The study characterized a large antibiotic resistance plasmid, pB171_90, from EPEC strain B171, identifying several AMR genes including aadA1, sul1, tetA, tetR, qacE Δ 1, csi, hha, and traI.

The study identifies the tetracycline resistance gene tetA in E. coli APEC_O2 and demonstrates that sertraline enhances the efficacy of tetracycline by reducing its MIC, suggesting a synergistic effect independent of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump inhibition.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, dfrA, mphA, sul1, and tetA, in E. coli isolates, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of ST131 and the presence of distinct plasmid profiles contributing to resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla_CMY-2, bla_TEM, aadA2, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, and sul2, in multiple Salmonella serotypes isolated from swine farm environments. These genes were found on plasmids and contributed to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from raw meat, including blaCMY, tet(A), and sul1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on IncA/C plasmids from various Salmonella serovars, including bla_cmy-2, bla_tem-1, strA, strB, aadB, aph(3')-Ia, tetA, floR, cmlA, sul1, sul2, dfra12, quacE, sugE, merA, merB, merC, merD, and merE, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio campbellii strains isolated from an AHPND-affected pond, highlighting the presence of tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and florfenicol resistance mechanisms.