ResLit

ampC

beta-lactamase

NCBI Pathogen Isolates
Bacterial genomes carrying this gene
NCBI Reference Gene Catalog
Known alleles and reference sequences
UniProt
Protein entries for the encoded enzyme
Curation StatusNot Validated

Overview

Drug Classes
cephalosporin, cefoxitin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, cefuroxime, penems, ceftazidime, cefpirome, cefazolin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, BETA-LACTAM, Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin, cefoxitin|cefazolin|ampicillin|cefotaxime|ceftazidime|ceftriaxone
Organisms
Morganella morganii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa +5 more
Papers
9
Mutations
28
Mutations28
Nucleotide ChangeProtein ChangeTypeEffect on FunctionResistance ToYearPaperStatus
C-11T--increasing resistance-2002

-11 Mutation in the ampC promoter increasing resistance to beta-lactams in a clinical Escherichia coli strain.

PMID: 12234856
Not Validated
C-42A--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42A--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42A--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42T--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42T--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C-42T--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
C58T---
cefoxitin|cefazolin|ampicillin|cefotaxime|ceftazidime|ceftriaxone
2003

High-level expression of ampC beta-lactamase due to insertion of nucleotides between -10 and -35 promoter sequences in Escherichia coli clinical isolates: cases not responsive to extended-spectrum-cephalosporin treatment.

PMID: 12821459
Not Validated
G-28A---
cefoxitin|cefazolin|ampicillin|cefotaxime|ceftazidime|ceftriaxone
2003

High-level expression of ampC beta-lactamase due to insertion of nucleotides between -10 and -35 promoter sequences in Escherichia coli clinical isolates: cases not responsive to extended-spectrum-cephalosporin treatment.

PMID: 12821459
Not Validated
ins-13G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
ins-13G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
ins-13GT--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
ins-13GT--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
ins-14GT--Enzymatic degredation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
ins-15TG--Enzymatic degredation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
ins-16GT--Enzymatic degredation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32A--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32A--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32A--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32C--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32C--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32C--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
T-32G--Enzymatic degradation
Ampicillin, Ampicillin+clavulanic acid, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Cefoxitin, Ceftazidime, Piperacillin
2011

Detection of AmpC beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli: comparison of three phenotypic confirmation assays and genetic analysis.

PMID: 21653764
Not Validated
Papers9
1

Cloning, sequence analyses, expression, and distribution of ampC-ampR from Morganella morganii clinical isolates.

PMID 10103179 · 1999

The study identified and characterized the ampC and ampR genes from Morganella morganii clinical isolates, demonstrating that ampC encodes a beta-lactamase responsible for cephalosporin resistance, and ampR regulates its expression.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
beta-lactamase
Validation Method
cloning and MIC testing

Confers Resistance To

cephalosporin

Organisms Tested In

• Morganella morganii
• Escherichia coli
2

Clavulanate induces expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC cephalosporinase at physiologically relevant concentrations and antagonizes the antibacterial activity of ticarcillin.

PMID 10103195 · 1999

Clavulanate induces expression of the AmpC cephalosporinase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, leading to reduced susceptibility to ticarcillin. This induction occurs at clinically relevant concentrations and antagonizes the antibacterial activity of ticarcillin.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
cephalosporinase
Validation Method
quantitative induction studies and pharmacodynamic model

Confers Resistance To

cefoxitinticarcillin

Organisms Tested In

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3

Biological cost of AmpC production for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium.

PMID 11036037 · 2000

The study demonstrates that the production of AmpC β-lactamase in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium leads to a biological cost, affecting colony morphology, cell size, growth rate, invasion rates, and intracellular replication. The presence of the regulatory gene ampR reverses these effects.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
Beta-lactamase
Validation Method
Cloning in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and determination of β-lactamase specific activity

Mechanism

Hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics

Confers Resistance To

cefoxitincephalothincefuroxime

Organisms Tested In

• Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium
4

Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals high intrinsic resistance to penem antibiotics: penem resistance mechanisms and their interplay.

PMID 11408209 · 2001

The study identifies MexAB-OprM efflux system and AmpC beta-lactamase as key contributors to intrinsic penem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, along with the outer membrane barrier.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
beta-lactamase
Validation Method
susceptibility tests with mutants and OmpF expression plasmid

Confers Resistance To

penems

Organisms Tested In

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5

Mutation in Serratia marcescens AmpC beta-lactamase Producing High-Level Resistance to Ceftazidime and Cefpirome.

PMID 11451693 · 2001

The study identifies a mutation in the Serratia marcescens AmpC beta-lactamase gene (Thr64→Ile) that leads to high-level resistance to ceftazidime and cefpirome. This mutation enhances the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme towards these antibiotics.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
beta-lactamase
Validation Method
cloning and sequencing of the ampC alleles, enzyme kinetics, and susceptibility testing

Mechanism

mutation in the ampC gene leads to a Thr64Ile substitution, which increases catalytic efficiency towards ceftazidime and cefpirome

Confers Resistance To

ceftazidimecefpirome

Organisms Tested In

• Serratia marcescns
• Escherichia coli
6

-11 Mutation in the ampC promoter increasing resistance to beta-lactams in a clinical Escherichia coli strain.

PMID 12234856 · 2002

A -11 C-to-T transition in the ampC promoter of a clinical E. coli strain increased beta-lactam resistance by enhancing promoter strength and AmpC beta-lactamase production.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
beta-lactamase
Validation Method
cloning and promoter strength assessment

Mechanism

promoter mutation increases transcription

Organisms Tested In

• Escherichia coli
7

High-level expression of ampC beta-lactamase due to insertion of nucleotides between -10 and -35 promoter sequences in Escherichia coli clinical isolates: cases not responsive to extended-spectrum-cephalosporin treatment.

PMID 12821459 · 2003

The study identifies mutations in the ampC promoter region leading to high-level expression of the AmpC beta-lactamase in E. coli clinical isolates, causing resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
beta-lactamase
Validation Method
Northern blot hybridization and cloning experiments

Confers Resistance To

cefoxitincefazolinampicillincefotaximeceftazidimeceftriaxone

Organisms Tested In

• Escherichia coli

Isolation Details

Country
Taiwan
8

Genetic Environment and Transcription of ampC in an Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate.

PMID 14742218 · 2004

The ampC gene from Acinetobacter baumannii strain RAN was cloned and shown to confer resistance to cephalothin, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin when expressed in E. coli.

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
beta-lactamase
Validation Method
cloning in E. coli + MIC testing

Confers Resistance To

cephalothincefoxitincefuroxime

Organisms Tested In

• Acinetobacter baumannii
• Escherichia coli

Isolation Details

Country
South Africa
9
PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
class C beta-lactamase

Confers Resistance To

BETA-LACTAM

Organisms Tested In

• Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica Y11
10
PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
class C beta-lactamase

Confers Resistance To

BETA-LACTAM

Organisms Tested In

• Edwardsiella tarda
11
PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
class C beta-lactamase

Confers Resistance To

BETA-LACTAM

Organisms Tested In

• Edwardsiella tarda
12
PMID N/A

Gene Information

Gene Name
ampC
Allele
ampC
Encodes
class C beta-lactamase

Confers Resistance To

BETA-LACTAM

Organisms Tested In

• Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. palearctica Y11